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{{Short description|Catholic basilica and landmark in Rome, Italy}} {{Infobox church|denomination=[[Catholic Church]]|name=Basilica of Saint Paul<br>Outside the Walls|fullname=Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls|native_name={{unbulleted list|{{native name|it|Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura}}|{{native name|la|Basilica Sancti Pauli extra mœnia}}}}|image=StPaul.jpg|imagealt=A courtyard with palm trees and a greater-than-lifesized statue of Saint Paul holding a sword in front of the colossal portico of the basilica and a large mural covering the upper facade|caption=The statue of Saint Paul in front of the portico|img capt=Façade of the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls|coordinates={{coord|41.8587|12.4767|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IT|display=it}}|image_size=270|mapframe-frame-width=270|mapframe=yes|mapframe-caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view|mapframe-zoom=11|mapframe-marker=religious-christian|mapframe-wikidata=yes|country=[[Italy]]|location=Piazzale San Paolo, [[Rome]]|tradition=[[Latin Church]]|religious order=[[Benedictines]]|website={{URL|https://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/san_paolo/index_en.html|Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls}}|dedication=[[Paul the Apostle]]|consecration year=AD 4th century|relics=[[Saint Paul]]|status=[[Major basilica|Major Papal Basilica]],<br>[[conventual church|Abbey Church]]|architect=[[Luigi Poletti (architect)|Luigi Poletti]] (reconstruction)|architectural type=[[Church (building)|Church]]|style=[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]]|groundbreaking=AD 4th century|year completed={{end date|1840}}|length={{convert|150|m|ft}}|width={{convert|80|m|ft}}|width nave={{convert|30|m|ft}}|height max={{convert|73|m|ft}}|diocese=[[Diocese of Rome|Rome]]|bishop=vacant|archpriest=[[James Michael Harvey]]|embedded={{Infobox designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname = Historic Centre of [[Rome]], the [[Properties of the Holy See#Outside Vatican City but inside Rome|Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights]] and San Paolo Fuori le Mura
| designation1_date = 1980 <small>(4th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small>
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/91 91]
| designation1_criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, vi
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe]]
}}}}

The '''Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls'''  ({{langx|it|Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura}}) is one of [[Rome]]'s four [[Basilicas in the Catholic Church#Major and papal basilicas|major papal basilicas]], along with the basilicas of [[Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano|Saint John in the Lateran]], [[St. Peter's Basilica|Saint Peter's]], and [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore|Saint Mary Major]], as well as one of the city’s [[Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome|Seven Pilgrim Churches]]. The basilica is the [[conventual church]] of the adjacent [[Benedictine]] [[abbey]]. It lies within Italian territory, but the [[Holy See]] owns the basilica and it is part of the Vatican's [[extraterritoriality]].
[[File:SanPaoloFuoriLeMura1.jpg|thumb|Plaque on an external wall of the building indicating its extraterritorial status.]]

== History ==
The basilica was founded by the Roman [[Constantine I (emperor)|Emperor Constantine I]] over the burial place of [[Paul of Tarsus]], where it was said that, after the apostle's execution, his followers erected a memorial, called a ''cella memoriae''. This first basilica was consecrated by [[Pope Sylvester I|Pope Sylvester]] in 324.<ref name="spotw">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/san_paolo/en/basilica/storia.htm|title=The Basilica|work=Saint Paul Outside the Wall}}</ref>

In 386, Emperor [[Theodosius I]] began erecting a much larger and more beautiful basilica with a nave and four aisles with a transept. It was probably consecrated around 402 by [[Pope Innocent I]]. The work, including the mosaics, was not completed until [[Pope Leo I|Leo I]]'s pontificate (440–461). In the 5th century, it was larger than the [[Old Saint Peter's Basilica]]. The Christian poet [[Prudentius]], who saw it at the time of emperor [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]] (395–423), describes the splendours of the monument in a few expressive lines.

Under Leo I, extensive repair work was carried out following the collapse of the roof on account of fire or lightning. In particular, the transept (i.e. the area around Paul's tomb) was elevated and a new main altar and presbytery were installed. This was probably the first time that an altar was placed over the tomb of Saint Paul, which remained untouched, but largely underground given Leo's newly elevated floor levels. Leo was also responsible for fixing the triumphal arch and for restoring a fountain in the courtyard (atrium).

Under [[Pope Gregory I|Pope Gregory the Great]] (590&#x2013;604), the main altar and presbytery were extensively modified. The pavement in the transept was raised and a new altar was placed above the earlier altar erected by [[Pope Leo I|Leo I]]. The position was directly over Saint Paul's sarcophagus.

In that period, there were two monasteries near the basilica: Saint Aristus's for men and Saint Stefano's for women. Masses were celebrated by a special body of clerics instituted by [[Pope Simplicius]]. Over time, the monasteries and the basilica's clergy declined; [[Pope Gregory II]] restored the former and entrusted the monks with the basilica's care.

The basilica was damaged in an [[801 Apennine earthquake|earthquake on 29 April 801]]. Its roof collapsed, but was rebuilt by [[Pope Leo III|Leo III]].

As it lay outside the [[Aurelian Walls]], the basilica was damaged in the 9th century during a [[Arab raid against Rome|Saracen raid]]. Consequently, [[Pope John VIII]] (872&#x2013;882) fortified the basilica, the monastery, and the dwellings of the peasantry,<ref name="OMalley">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWHwrmZowu8C&dq=Cadaver+Synod&pg=PA80|last=O'Malley|first=John W.|title=A History of the Popes|location=New York|publisher=Sheed & Ward|year=2010|isbn=978-1580512299}}</ref> forming the town of Johannispolis (Italian: ''Giovannipoli'') which existed until 1348, when [[1348 Friuli earthquake|an earthquake]] totally destroyed it.

In 937, when [[Odo of Cluny]] came to Rome, [[Alberic II of Spoleto]], Patrician of Rome, entrusted the monastery and basilica to his congregation and Odo placed Balduino of [[Monte Cassino]] in charge. [[Pope Gregory VII]] was abbot of the monastery and in his time Pantaleone, a rich merchant of [[Amalfi]] who lived in [[Constantinople]], presented the bronze doors of the [[basilica maior]], which were executed by Constantinopolitan artists; the doors are inscribed with Pantaleone's prayer that the "doors of life" may be opened to him.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1973|author=Margaret English Frazer|title=Church Doors and the Gates of Paradise: Byzantine Bronze Doors in Italy|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=27|issue=1973|pages=145–162|doi=10.2307/1291338|jstor=1291338}}</ref> [[Pope Martin V]] entrusted it to the monks of the [[Congregation of Monte Cassino]]. It was then made an [[abbey nullius]]. The abbot's jurisdiction extended over the districts of [[Civitella San Paolo]], [[Leprignano]], and [[Nazzano]], all of which formed parishes.
[[File:Rom,_Sankt_Paul_vor_den_Mauern_(San_Paolo_fuori_le_mura),_Kreuzgang_des_Klosters.jpg|thumb|Cloister of the monastery of ''San Paolo fuori le mura'']]
The graceful [[cloister]] of the monastery was erected between 1220 and 1241.

From 1215 until 1964, it was the seat of the [[Latin Patriarch of Alexandria]].

[[Pope Benedict XIV]] undertook the restoration of the apse mosaic and the frescoes of the central nave, and commissioned the painter Salvatore Manosilio to continue the series of papal portraits, which at that time ended with [[Pope Vitalian]], who had reigned over a millennium earlier.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Rusconi|first=Roberto|author-link=|editor1-last=Messbarger|editor1-first=Rebecca|editor2-last=Johns|editor2-first=Christopher M. S.|editor3-last=Gavitt|editor3-first=Philip|encyclopedia=Benedict XIV and the Enlightenment: Art, Science, and Spirituality|title=Benedict XIV and the Holiness of the Popes in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century|year=2016|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1442624757|doi=10.3138/9781442624757|pages=278–279}}</ref>

On 15 July 1823, a workman repairing the copper gutters of the roof started a fire that led to the near-total destruction of this basilica, which, alone among all the churches of Rome, had preserved much of its original character for 1435 years.<ref name="spotw" /> More recent studies indicate that the cause of the fire could be different from that indicated by official sources.<ref name="investigation">[https://www.fireriskheritage.net/publications/unraveling-the-mystery-a-scientific-inquiry-into-the-1823-fire-at-st-pauls-basilica-in-rome/ FireRiskHeritage "The Fire of the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls in Rome: a Scientific Investigation"]</ref> Marble salvaged from the burnt-out Saint Paul's was re-laid for the floor of [[Santo Stefano del Cacco]].<ref name="turismo">[https://www.turismoroma.it/en/places/church-santo-stefano-del-cacco "Church of Santo Stefano del Cacco", Turismoromam, Dipartimento Grandi Eventi, Sport, Turismo e Moda]</ref>

In 1825, [[Pope Leo XII|Leo XII]] issued the encyclical ''Ad plurimas'' encouraging donations for the reconstruction. A few months later, he issued orders that the basilica be rebuilt exactly as it had been when new in the fourth century, though he also stipulated that precious elements from later periods, such as the medieval mosaics and tabernacle, also be repaired and retained. These guidelines proved unrealistic for a variety of reasons and soon ceased to be enforced. The result is a reconstructed basilica that bears only a general resemblance to the original and is by no means identical to it. The reconstruction was initially entrusted to the architect Pasquale Belli, who was succeeded upon his death in 1833 by [[Luigi Poletti (architect)|Luigi Poletti]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOF3oLtH1ugC&pg=PA173|title=The Architecture of Modern Italy: The Challenge of Tradition 1750–1900|author=Terry Kirk|year=2005|page=173|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=978-1568984209}}</ref> who supervised the project until his death in 1869 and was responsible for the lion's share of the work. Poletti also asked the scientist Angelo Secchi to design an automatic fire detection and extinguishing system, which was later removed.<ref name="detection">[https://www.fireriskheritage.net/case-hystory/the-oldest-fire-detection-system-ever-the-case-of-st-paul-outside-the-wall-basilica-in-rome/ FireRiskHeritage "The Probable First-Ever Fire System: St. Paul Outside The Walls"]</ref> Many elements which had survived the fire were reused in the reconstruction.<ref name="spotw" /> Many foreign rulers also made contributions. [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha]], [[Viceroy of Egypt]] gave columns of [[alabaster]], while the [[Emperor of Russia]] donated precious [[malachite]] and [[lapis lazuli]] that was used on some of the altar fronts. The transept and high altar were consecrated by [[Pope Gregory XVI]] in October 1840,<ref>Holy See, [https://www.vatican.va/content/gregorius-xvi/it/documents/enciclica-augustissimam-beatissimi-21-dicembre-1840.html ''Augustissimam beatissimi''] {{in lang|it}}, issued 21 December 1840, accessed 3 July 2023</ref> and that part of the basilica was then re-opened. The entire building was reconsecrated in 1854 in the presence of [[Pope Pius IX]] and fifty cardinals. Many features of the building were still to be executed at that date, however, and work ultimately extended into the twentieth century. The quadriporticus looking toward the [[Tiber]] was completed by the Italian Government, which declared the church a national monument. On 23 April 1891, an explosion at the gunpowder magazine at Forte Portuense destroyed the basilica's stained glass windows.

On 31 May 2005, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] ordered the basilica to come under the control of an [[archpriest]] and he named [[Archbishop]] [[Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo]] as its first archpriest.

== Architecture and interior ==
[[File:Rom,_Sankt_Paul_vor_den_Mauern_(San_Paolo_fuori_le_mura),_Heilige_Pforte.jpg|thumb|Exterior Holy Door by Enrico Manfrini (2000)]]
The covered portico (or narthex) that precedes the façade is a Neo-classicist addition of the 19th-century reconstruction. On the right is the Holy Door, which is opened only during the [[Jubilee (Christian)|Jubilees]]. On the inside is a second door, known as the Byzantine door, which was present in the pre-19th century basilica; it contains on one side 56 small square engraved bronze panels, and was commissioned in 1070 by Pantaleone, Consul of Amalfi in Constantinople, and putatively cast in Constantinople. It depicts a number of episodes in the life of Christ and the apostles.

The new basilica has maintained the original structure with one nave and four side aisles. It is {{convert|131.66|m|ft}} long, {{convert|65|m|ft}}-wide, and {{convert|29.70|m|ft}}-high, the second largest in Rome.

The nave's 80 columns and its wood and stucco-decorated ceiling are from the 19th century. All that remains of the ancient basilica are the interior portion of the [[apse]] with the [[triumphal arch]]. The mosaics of the apse were greatly damaged in the 1823 fire; only a few traces were incorporated in the restoration. The 5th-century mosaics of the triumphal arch are original (but also heavily reworked): an inscription in the lower section attest they were done at the time of Leo I, paid by [[Galla Placidia]]. The subject portrays the [[Apocalypse]] of John, with the bust of Christ in the middle flanked by the 24 Doctors of the Church, surmounted by the flying symbols of the four Evangelists. Saint Peter and Saint Paul are portrayed at the right and left of the arch, the latter pointing downwards (probably to his tomb).

From the inside, the windows may appear to be stained glass, but they are actually translucent alabaster.<ref>[http://www.frommers.com/destinations/rome/attractions/san-paolo-fuori-le-mura-st-paul-outside-the-walls "San Paolo Fuori le Mura", Frommer's.]</ref>

The [[Ciborium (architecture)|ciborium]] of the confession of [[Arnolfo di Cambio]] (1285) belongs to the 13th century.

In the old basilica each pope had his portrait in a painted [[frieze]] extending above the columns separating the aisles from the nave. A 19th-century{{cn|date=August 2019}}<!-- according to https://romanchurches.fandom.com/wiki/San_Paolo_fuori_le_Mura
the portraits were "brought up to date" under  Benedict XIV.--> mosaic version can be seen now. The nave's interior walls were also redecorated with painted scenes from Saint Paul's life placed between the windows of the clerestory.

South of the transept is the cloister, considered "one of the most beautiful of the Middle Ages".<ref>Hinzen-Bohlen, p. 411.</ref> Built by [[Vassalletto]] in 1205–1241, it has double columns of different shapes. Some columns have inlays with golden and colored-glass mosaics; the same decoration can be seen on the architrave and the inner frame of the cloister. Also visible are fragments from the destroyed basilica and ancient sarcophagi, one with scenes of the myth of Apollo.

Outside the Basilica is the original sculpture of ''When I was in Prison'', created by Canadian artist [[Timothy Schmalz]] as part of the Matthew 25 collection installed throughout Rome on the occasion of the [[Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Srl|first=Pixell|title=Benedette da Mons. Fisichella le nuove statue di Tim Schmalz|url=https://www.aslroma1.it/comunicati/benedette-da-mons-fisichella-le-nuove-statue-di-tim-schmalz|access-date=2024-02-15|website=www.aslroma1.it}}</ref>

== Tomb of Saint Paul ==
[[File:The_story_of_architecture-_an_outline_of_the_styles_in_all_countries_(1896)_(14743552956).jpg|thumb|Plan of the fourth-century basilica]]
According to tradition, Saint Paul's body was buried two miles away from the [[San Paolo alle Tre Fontane|location]] of his martyrdom, in the sepulchral area along the [[Ostiense Way]], which was owned by a Christian woman named Lucina. A [[Tropaion|tropaeum]] was erected on it and quickly became a place of veneration.{{efn|The earliest account of a visit to the memorials of the apostles is attributed to Gaius, the Presbyter, "who lived when [[Pope Zephyrinus|Zephyrinus]] was bishop of Rome [AD 199–217]", as quoted by [[Eusebius]] reporting that "I can point out the tropaia of the Apostles [Peter and Paul]; for if you go to the Vatican or the Ostian Way, you will find the tropaia of those who founded this Church".{{cn|date=July 2018}}}}

[[Constantine I]] erected a basilica on the tropaeum's site, and the basilica was significantly extended by [[Theodosius I]] from 386, into what is now known as Saint Paul Outside the Walls. During the 4th century, Paul's remains, excluding the head, were moved into a sarcophagus. (According to church tradition the head rests at the [[Lateran]].) Paul's tomb is below a marble tombstone in the basilica's crypt, at {{convert|1.37|m|ft}} below the altar. The tombstone bears the Latin inscription {{lang|la|PAULO APOSTOLO MART}} ("to Paul the apostle and martyr"). The inscribed portion of the tombstone has three holes, two square and one circular.<ref>[http://www.basilicasanpaolo.org/interno.asp?id=15&lang=eng "The Tomb off St. Paul", Basilica Papale San Paolo Fuori le Mura.]</ref> The circular hole is connected to the tomb by a pipeline, reflecting the Roman custom of pouring perfumes inside the sarcophagus, or to the practice of providing the bones of the dead with libations. The sarcophagus below the tombstone measures {{convert|2.55|m|ft}} long, {{convert|1.25|m|ft}} wide and {{convert|0.97|m|ft}} high.
[[File:Front_of_the_Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls_-_Roma_-_Italy.jpg|thumb|Front of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls]]
The discovery of the sarcophagus is mentioned in the chronicle of the Benedictine monastery attached to the basilica, in regard to the 19th century rebuilding. Unlike other sarcophagi found at that time, this was not mentioned in the excavation papers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gheddo|first=Piero|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7967&theme=2&size=A|title=Asia News: Saint Paul's sarcophagus found|publisher=Asianews.it|date=2006-09-22|access-date=2013-03-04}}</ref>

On 6 December 2006, it was announced that Vatican archaeologists had confirmed the presence of a white marble [[sarcophagus]] beneath the altar, perhaps containing the remains of the Apostle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/061211-saint-paul.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213080313/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/061211-saint-paul.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 13, 2006|title=St. Paul's Tomb Unearthed in Rome|publisher=National Geographic News|date=11 December 2006|access-date=21 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/8221/st-paul-burial-place-confirmed|title=St Paul burial place confirmed|publisher=Catholic News Agency|date=2006-12-06|access-date=2013-03-04|archive-date=2009-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220044044/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=8221|url-status=live}}</ref> A press conference held on 11 December 2006<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/19405.php?index=19405&po_date=11.12.2006&lang=en Communiqué about the press conference] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930030119/http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/19405.php?index=19405&po_date=11.12.2006&lang=en|date=2007-09-30}}.</ref> gave more details of the work of excavation, which lasted from 2002 to 22 September 2006, and which had been initiated after [[Christian pilgrimage|pilgrims]] to the basilica expressed disappointment that the Apostle's tomb could not be visited or touched during the Jubilee year of 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16083789|title=Associated Press: ''Have St. Paul's remains been unearthed?''|work=NBC News|date=2006-12-07|access-date=2013-03-04}}</ref> The sarcophagus was not extracted from its position, so that only one of its two longer sides is visible.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fraser|first=Christian|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6219656.stm|title=Christian Fraser, St Paul's tomb unearthed in Rome, BBC News, 7 December 2006|work=BBC News|date=2006-12-07|access-date=2013-03-04}}</ref>

In 2009 Pope [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] announced that [[radiocarbon dating]] confirmed that the bones in the tomb date from the 1st or 2nd century suggesting that they are indeed Paul's.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-06-29|title=Bones confirmed as St Paul's remains|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/bones-confirmed-as-st-paul-s-remains-1723751.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628080430/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/bones-confirmed-as-st-paul-s-remains-1723751.html|archive-date=2024-06-28|access-date=2024-06-28|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2009-06-29|title=Pope Says Tests ‘Seem to Conclude’ Bones Are the Apostle Paul’s|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/29/science/29vatican.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628080034/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31599704|archive-date=2024-06-28|access-date=2024-06-28|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

A curved line of bricks indicating the outline of the apse of the Constantinian basilica was discovered immediately to the west of the sarcophagus, showing that the original basilica had its entrance to the east, like Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The larger 386 basilica that replaced it had the Via Ostiense (the road to Ostia) to the east and so was extended westward, towards the river Tiber, changing the orientation diametrically.

== Abbots ==
[[File:Colonnade_and_sky_of_Saint_Paul_(Rome).JPG|right|thumb|Colonnade of Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls]]
{{columns-list|* 1796–1799 Giovanni Battista Gualengo
* 1799–1799 [[Giustino Nuzi]]
* 1800–1800 [[Giovanni B. Gualengo]]
* 1803–1806 [[Stefano Alessandri]]
* 1806–1810 [[Giuseppe Giustino di Costanzo]]
* 1810–1815 [[Stefano Alessandri]]
* 1815–1821 [[Francesco Cavalli (abbot)|Francesco Cavalli]]
* 1821–1825 [[Adeodato Galeffi]]
* 1825–1831 [[Giovanni Francesco Zelli]]
* 1831–1838 [[Vincenzo Bini]]
* 1838–1844 [[Giovanni Francesco Zelli]]
* 1844–1850 [[Paolo Theodoli]]
* 1850–1853 [[Mariano Falcinelli-Antoniacci]]
* 1853–1858 [[Simplicio Pappalettere]]
* 1858–1867 [[Angelo Pescetelli]]<ref>For abbots from 1796 to 1867: Turbessi, G. "Vita monastica dell'abbazia di San Paolo nel secolo XIX." Revue Bénédictine 83 (1973): 49–118.</ref>
* 1867–1895 [[Leopoldo Zelli Jacobuzi]]
* 1895–1904 [[Bonifacio Oslaender]]
* 1904–1918 [[Giovanni del Papa]]
* 1918–1929 [[Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster]]
* 1929–1955 [[Ildebrando Vannucci]]
* 1955–1964 [[Cesario D'Amato]]
* 1964–1973 [[Giovanni Battista Franzoni]]
* 1973–1980 Position empty
* 1980–1988 [[Giuseppe Nardin]]
* 1988–1996 [[Luca Collino]]
* 1997–2005 [[Paolo Lunardon]]
* 2005–2015 Edmund Power
* 2015–2020 Roberto Dotta
* 2020–Papal Administrator, Arrigo Miglio|colwidth=18em}}

== Archpriests ==

* [[Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo|Andrea Cardinal Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo]] (31 May 2005 – 3 July 2009)
* [[Francesco Monterisi|Francesco Cardinal Monterisi]] (3 July 2009 – 23 November 2012)
* [[James Michael Harvey|James Michael Cardinal Harvey]] (23 November 2012 – present)

== Other burials ==

* [[Thibaud of Ostia]]
* [[Felix III]]
* [[Pope John XIII|John XIII]]
* [[John XVIII]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:St_pauls_outside_the_walls.jpg|Saint Paul Outside the Walls
File:StPaul2.jpg|Interior of the church
File:Apse_mosaic_Basilica_of_St_Paul_Outside_the_Walls.jpg|[[Apse]] [[mosaic]] (1220). Christ flanked by the Apostles Peter, Paul, and Andrew and Saint Luke
File:Portrait_of_Honorius_III_-_Apse_Mosaic_of_the_Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls_-_Roma_-_Italy.jpg|Detail of the apse mosaic: Pope Honorius III, who commissioned it.
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Bible of San Paolo fuori le Mura]]
* [[Leonine Wall]], first wall around Vatican City
* [[List of Greco-Roman roofs]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Nicola Camerlenghi, ''St. Paul's Outside the Walls: A Roman Basilica from Antiquity to the Modern Era'' (Cambridge University Press, 2018).
* Richard Wittman, ''Rebuilding St. Paul’s Outside the Walls: Architecture and the Catholic Revival in the Nineteenth Century'' (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2024).
* [[Kurt Weitzmann|Weitzmann, Kurt]], ed., ''[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533 Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century]'', no. 439–440, 1979, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York, {{ISBN|978-0870991790}}
* {{cite book|first=Brigitte|last=Hinze-Bohlen|title=Kunst & Architektur-ROM|publisher=Könemann|location=Cologne}} {{Year missing|date=May 2017}}
* {{cite book|first=Claudio|last=Rendina|title=Enciclopedia di Roma|publisher=Newton & Compton|year=2000|pages=867–868}}
* Marina Docci, ''San Paolo fuori le mura: Dalle origini alla basilica delle origini'' (Roma: Gangemi Editore 2006).

== External links ==

* [https://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/san_paolo/index_en.html The Papal Basilica St Paul Outside-the-Walls], official site.
* [http://rcweb.dartmouth.edu/CamerlenghiN/VirtualBasilica/index.php St. Paul's Outside the Walls: A Virtual Basilica]
* {{CathEncy|wstitle=St. Paul-without-the-Walls}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061213080313/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/061211-saint-paul.html St. Paul's Tomb Unearthed in Rome on National Geographic News], including a photograph of a side of the sarcophagus.
* [https://archive.today/20130108093230/http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=19640 The tombs of the apostles: Saint Paul]
* [http://vita-nostra-in-ecclesia.blogspot.com/2010/07/feast-of-joachim-and-anne.html Reliquary] of St. Anne's forearm venerated in a side chapel
* [https://cbarnard2.wixsite.com/beggarsrome/copy-of-s-cecilia-in-trastevere-1 "Beggar's Rome"] - A self-directed virtual tour of St. Paul Outside the Walls and other Roman churches

{{commons-inline}} {{Churches in the City of Rome}} {{Papacy}} {{Holy See}} {{Sequence|prev=[[Santa Maria Maggiore]]|list=Landmarks of Rome|curr=Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls|next=[[San Lorenzo fuori le mura]]}} <!-- "San Lorenzo fuori le mura" as the next landmark and "Santa Maria Maggiore" as the previous one are taken from the navbox "Landmarks of Rome" that is placed below. A navbox is invisible in mobile view. The addition enables mobile users to click at least the next landmark or the previous one. --> {{Rome landmarks}} {{Authority control}}