View source for ContextObjects in Spans (COinS)

{{short description|Bibliographic metadata embedding method}}

[[File:Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png | thumb | right | alt=A window of a referrer is open on a wikipedia article using citation templates with embedded COinS tags | An example of referrers acting on a Wikipedia article using citation templates with embedded COinS tags]]
'''ContextObjects in Spans''' ('''COinS''') is a method to embed [[bibliographic]] metadata in the [[HTML]] code of [[web page]]s.  This allows [[bibliographic software]] to publish machine-readable bibliographic items and client reference management software to retrieve bibliographic [[metadata]]. The metadata can also be sent to an [[OpenURL]] resolver. This allows, for instance, searching for a copy of a book at a specific library.<ref>{{Cite journal | pages = 8–10 | last = Chudnov | first = Daniel | title = COinS for the Link Trail | journal = Library Journal | date = 14 July 2006 | url = http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022065455/http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html |archive-date=22 October 2006}}</ref>

== History ==
In the late 1990s, [[OpenURL]] was created at [[Ghent University]] as a framework to provide context-sensitive [[hyperlink|links]]. The OpenURL link server implementation called [[SFX (software)|SFX]] was sold to [[Ex Libris Group]] which marketed it to libraries, shaping the idea of a "link resolver". The OpenURL framework was later standardized as ANSI/NISO Z39.88 in 2004 (revised 2010).<ref name="Z39.88">{{cite book|url=http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=82|title=ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004(R2010) – The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services|year=2004|publisher=National Information Standards Organization|isbn=978-1-880124-61-1|access-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002222836/http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=82|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> A core part of OpenURL was the concept of "ContextObjects" as metadata to describe referenced resources.

In late 2004, Richard Cameron, the creator of [[CiteULike]], drew attention to the need for a standard way of embedding metadata in HTML pages.<ref name="gcs-pcs-list-1">{{cite web|url=http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2004-December/000004.html|title=Autodiscovery and embedding metadata|date=20 December 2004|website=gcs-pcs-list |first1=Richard |last1=Cameron |access-date=20 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723232756/http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2004-December/000004.html|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 2005, Daniel Chudnov suggested the use of OpenURL.<ref name="gcs-pcs-list-2">{{cite web|url=http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2005-January/000010.html|title=sample inline openurl|date=6 January 2005|website=gcs-pcs-list |first1=Daniel |last1=Chudnov |access-date=20 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723232802/http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2005-January/000010.html|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Embedding OpenURL ContextObjects in HTML had been proposed before by [[Herbert Van de Sompel]] and Oren Beit-Arie<ref name="Van-de-Sompel">{{cite journal|last=Van de Sompel |first=Herbert |author2=Beit-Arie, Oren|date=July–August 2001|title=Generalizing the OpenURL Framework beyond References to Scholarly Works – The Bison-Futé Model|journal=D-Lib Magazine|volume=7|issue=7/8|issn=1082-9873|url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july01/vandesompel/07vandesompel.html|doi=10.1045/july2001-vandesompel|doi-access=free}}</ref> and a working paper by Chudnov and Jeremy Frumkin.<ref name="ChudnovFrumkin2004">{{cite web |last1=Chudnov |first1=Daniel |last2=Frumkin |first2=Jeremy |date=10 December 2004 |title=Service Autodiscovery for Rapid Information Movement |url=http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/writings/sa4rim.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215034305/http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/writings/sa4rim.html |archive-date=15 December 2004 |website=curtis.med.yale.edu}}</ref> Discussion of the latter on the GPS-PCS mailing list<ref>{{cite web |title=gcs-pcs-list |url=https://groups.google.com/group/gcs-pcs-list |access-date=7 June 2010 |website=Google Groups}}</ref> resulted in a draft specification for embedding OpenURLs in HTML,<ref name="Hellman">{{cite web |url=http://ocoins.info/latent-class.html |title=Latent OpenURLs in HTML for Resource Autodiscovery, Localization and Personalization |editor=Hellman, Eric |type=draft |publisher=OCOinS.info |access-date=20 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118134722/http://ocoins.info/latent-class.html |archive-date=18 January 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> which later became COinS. A ContextObject is embedded in an HTML [[span and div|span]] element.

The adoption of COinS was pushed by various publications and implementations. The specification was  [https://web.archive.org/web/20170424223448/http://ocoins.info/ OCOinS.info], which includes specific guides to implement COinS for journal articles and books.<ref name=ocoins-info>{{cite web|title=OpenURL COinS: A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML|url=http://ocoins.info/|website=ocoins.info|access-date=24 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071820/http://ocoins.info/|archive-date=13 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Summary of the data model ==
From OpenURL 1.0, COinS borrows one of its serialization formats ("KEV") and some ContextObject metadata formats included in OpenURL implementation guidelines.<ref name="Apps">{{cite web|url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html#sect5_4|title=Z39.88-2004 KEV Implementation Guidelines|last=Apps|first=Ann|date=16 April 2003|publisher=MIMAS, The University of Manchester, UK|access-date=20 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120130531/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html#sect5_4|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ContextObject implementation guidelines of COinS include four publication types (article with several subtypes, book, patent, and generic) and a couple of simple fields. However, the guidelines are not a required part of COinS, so the standard does not provide a strict metadata model like [[Dublin Core]] or the [[Bibliographic Ontology]].

== Use in websites ==
The following websites make use of COinS:
*[[HubMed]] 
*[[Wikipedia]]<ref name="WP:COinS">{{cite web |title=Wikipedia:COinS |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS |website=Wikipedia |language=en |date=17 December 2019}}</ref>

== Server-side applications ==
Some [[server-side]] applications embed COinS, including [[refbase]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standard link resolver support: OpenURL & COinS |url=http://www.refbase.net/index.php/Standard_link_resolver_support%3A_OpenURL_%26_COinS |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=refbase |archive-date=2023-03-11  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311210650/http://www.refbase.net/index.php/Standard_link_resolver_support%3A_OpenURL_%26_COinS |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Client tools ==
Client tools which can make use of COinS include:

* [[BibDesk]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BibDesk Help: 5.10.5 Web Group |url=https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/manual/BibDeskHelp_37.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=bibdesk.sourceforge.io}}</ref>
* [[Bookends (software)|Bookends (Mac)]]
* [[Citavi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Importing with the Hunter |url=https://www1.citavi.com/sub/manual5/en/index.html?picker_hunter.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Citavi Manual}}</ref>
* [[LibX]]
* [[Mendeley]]<ref name="MendeleyCOinS">{{cite web |last=Reichelt |first=Jan |date=5 August 2009 |title=Mendeley Web now supports COinS |url=http://www.mendeley.com/blog/academic-features/mendeley-web-now-supports-coins/ |access-date=14 December 2013 |website=Mendeley Blog}}</ref>
* [[ResearchGate]]
* Sente (Mac)
* [[Zotero]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=dev:exposing metadata:coins |url=https://www.zotero.org/support/dev/exposing_metadata/coins |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Zotero Documentation}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Info URI scheme]]
* [[HTML Microdata]]
* [[KBART]]
* [[Microformat]]
* [[RDFa]]
* [[UnAPI]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web | last=Hellman | first=Eric | date=June 16, 2009 | orig-year=2005 | title=OpenURL COinS: A convention to embed bibliographic metadata in HTML | edition=1.0 | publisher=OCLC New Jersey | url=http://ocoins.info/ | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424223448/http://ocoins.info/ | archive-date=2017-04-24}}
* {{cite web |url=http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats |title=Registry for the OpenURL Framework – ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004 |website=[[OCLC]] |access-date=27 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100430/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats |archive-date=4 March 2016}}
* {{cite web |title=OpenURL Syntax Description |url=http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/docs/pdf/openurl-01.pdf |website=[[OCLC]] |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410225713/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/docs/pdf/openurl-01.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2018}}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a journal publication | date=January 2004 |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211105427/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal |archive-date=11 February 2007 |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-status=}}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a book | date=January 2004 |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211105427/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook |archive-date=11 February 2007 |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-status=}}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a patent | date=January 2004 |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317071414/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent |archive-date=17 March 2008 |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-status=}}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a dissertation | date=January 2004 |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317071409/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation |archive-date=17 March 2008 |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-status=}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223185401/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html |archive-date=Dec 23, 2022 |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines |date=June 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Ap-200706.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928093141/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Ap-200706.html |archive-date=Sep 28, 2022 |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines, Appendices |date=June 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Egs-200706.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928093142/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Egs-200706.html |archive-date=Sep 28, 2022 |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines, Examples |date=June 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913123224/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.pdf |archive-date=Sep 13, 2022 |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines}}
* {{cite magazine | last1=Apps | first1=Ann | last2=MacIntyre | first2=Ross | date=May 2006 | title=Why OpenURL? | website=[[D-Lib Magazine]] | volume=12 | number=5 | issn=1082-9873 | url=https://dlib.org/dlib/may06/apps/05apps.html | hdl=10760/12168}}
* {{cite conference | last1=Apps | first1=Ann | last2=MacIntyre | first2=Ross | date=3 October 2006 | chapter=Customising location of knowledge | title=Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications | publisher=Dublin Core Metadata Initiative | doi=10.23106/DCMI.952108588 | chapter-url=https://dcpapers.dublincore.org/article/952108588}}
* {{cite conference | last1=Apps | first1=Ann | last2=MacIntyre | first2=Ross | chapter=Joining up "discovery to delivery" services | date=2008 | title=ELPUB 2008 International Conference on Electronic Publishing, Toronto (Canada), 25-27 June 2008 | chapter-url=http://eprints.rclis.org/12139/ | s2cid=10064180}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Ashmore | first1=Beth | last2=Grogg | first2=Jill E. | date=2006 | title=Google and OCLC open libraries on the Open Web | journal=Searcher | volume=14 | number=10 | pages=44–53 | issn=1070-4795 | publication-place=Medford, New Jersey | publisher=Learned information | id={{Gale|A154562387}}}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Bailey | first1=Annette | last2=Back | first2=Godmar | date=29 February 2008 | title=Retrieving known items with LibX | journal=The Serials Librarian | volume=53 | issue=4 | issn=0361-526X | doi=10.1300/J123v53n04_09 | pages=125–140}}
* {{cite book | last1=Boston | first1=George | last2=Gedeon | first2=Randle J. | date=2008 | chapter=Beyond OpenURL: Technologies for linking library resources | pages=235–249 | doi=10.4018/978-1-59904-891-8.ch013 | chapter-url=http://elibrary.bsu.edu.az/files/books_rax/N_364.pdf#page=260 | editor-last1=Yu | editor-first1=Holly | editor-last2=Breivold | editor-first2=Scott | title=Electronic resource management in libraries: Research and practice | publication-place=Hershey, Pennsylvania | publisher=[[Information Science Reference]], [[IGI Global]] | isbn=978-1-59904-891-8 | url=http://pustaka.unp.ac.id/file/abstrak_kki/EBOOKS/LIBRARIES,%20ELECTRONIC%20INFORMATION%20RESOURCES%20%20Electronic%20resource%20management%20in%20libraries,%20research%20and%20practice.pdf}}
* {{cite journal | last=Chang | first=Sheau-Hwang | date=2007 | title=Full-text article linking: Where are we now? | journal=Chinese Librarianship | volume=23 | number=2 | url=http://www.white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/cl23chang.htm}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Chudnov | first1=Daniel | last2=England | first2=Deberah | title=A new approach to library service discovery and resource delivery | journal=The Serials Librarian | volume=54 | issue=1–2 | date=19 May 2008 | issn=0361-526X | doi=10.1080/03615260801973448 | pages=63–69}}
* {{cite web | last=Chudnov | first=Daniel | date=2005-10-24 | title=COinS browser extensions for your library | publisher=[[Yale School of Medicine]] | url=http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/resolvable/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208090607/http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/resolvable/ | archive-date=2007-02-08}}
* {{cite journal | last=Chudnov | first=Daniel | date=Summer 2006 | title=COinS for the Link Trail | journal=NetConnect | publication-place=New York City | publisher=[[Reed Business Information]] | issn=1946-8776 | oclc=551951240 | pages=8–10}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Chudnov | first1=Daniel | last2=Binkley | first2=Peter | last3=Frumkin | first3=Jeremy | last4=Giarlo | first4=Michael | last5=Rylander | first5=Mike | last6=Singer | first6=Ross | last7=Summers | first7=Ed | title=Introducing unAPI | journal=Ariadne | number=48 | date=30 July 2006 | url=http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue/48/chudnov-et-al/ | doi=10.7939/R3X921W05 | hdl=1957/2359}}
* {{cite journal | last=Dempsey | first=Kathy | date=April 2007 | title=A dozen primers on important information standards | journal=Computers in Libraries | volume=27 | number=4 | pages=11–23 | id={{ERIC|EJ760290}} | issn=1041-7915 | publication-place=Medford, New Jersey | publisher=Information Today, Inc. | url=https://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/apr07/}}
* {{cite journal | last=Dempsey | first=Lorcan | date=2006 | title=Libraries and the long tail: Some thoughts about libraries in a network age | journal=[[D-Lib Magazine]] | volume=12 | number=4 | doi=10.1045/april2006-dempsey | doi-access=free | issn=1082-9873 | url=https://www.dlib.org/dlib/april06/dempsey/04dempsey.html}}
* {{cite conference | last=Donohue | first=Tim | date=2009-10-15 | title=The BibApp extension: A campus research gateway and expert finder | language=en | event=DSpace User Group Meeting 2009 | hdl=2077/21343 | hdl-access=free | url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/21343}}
* {{cite journal | last=Eaton | first=J. | date=2005 | title=COinS promises to extend OpenURL standard to meet the challenges posed by the ever widening range of bibliographic sources | journal=Managing Information | publication-place=London | publisher=[[ASLIB|ASLIB: The Association for Information Management]] | issn=1352-0229 | oclc=1201231455 | volume=12 | number=8 | page=39}}
* {{cite journal | first=Grogg | last=Jill E. | date=January 2006| title=Linking and the OpenURL | journal=Library Technology Reports | volume=42 | issue=1 | issn=0024-2586 | doi=10.5860/ltr.42n1 | url=https://journals.ala.org/ltr/issue/view/176| url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal | last1=Lagace | first1=Nettie | last2=Chisman | first2=Janet K. | title=How did we ever manage without the OpenURL? | journal=The Serials Librarian | volume=52 | issue=1–2 | date=26 June 2007 | issn=0361-526X | doi=10.1300/J123v52n01_17 | pages=211–222}}
* {{cite conference | last=MacIntyre | first=Ross | date=2006 | title=OpenURL and COinS | event=SRU Implementors Group, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, March 3, 2006 | url=http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/march06-meeting/slides/coins.ppt | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060313082017/http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/march06-meeting/slides/coins.ppt | archive-date=2006-03-13}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060313081923/http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/march06-meeting/workshop.html#coins Abstract]<!-- For details on this event, see {{cite magazine | last1=van Veen | first1=Theo | last2=Denenberg | first2=Ray | date=May 2006 | title=Integration of services, integration of standards | work=[[D-Lib Magazine]] | volume=12 | number=5 | issn=1082-9873 | url=https://dlib.org/dlib/may06/vanveen/05vanveen.html}} -->
* {{cite journal | last1=Min | first1=Gao | last2=Yuling | first2=Jin | last3=Weiling | first3=Liu | date=2008 | title=The development and innovative uses of OpenURL research | journal=Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery | volume=24 | number=2 | pages=87–90 | doi=10.11925/infotech.1003-3513.2008.02.16 | language=zh}}
* {{cite journal | title=New & Noteworthy | journal=Library Hi Tech News | volume=22 | issue=8 | date=1 September 2005 | issn=0741-9058 | doi=10.1108/lhtn.2005.23922hab.001}}
* {{cite journal | last=O'Riordan | first=Adrian | title=Open search environments: The free alternative to commercial search services | journal=Information Technology and Libraries | volume=33 | issue=2 | pages=45–60 | date=22 June 2014 | issn=2163-5226 | doi=10.6017/ital.v33i2.4520}}
* {{cite journal | last=Pace | first=Andrew K. | date=September 2005 | department=Technically speaking | title=If you can't beat 'em, join 'em | journal=American Libraries | volume=36 | number=8 | pages=78–79 | jstor=25649697}}
* {{cite journal | last=Page | first=Roderic D. M. | title=Finding scientific articles in a large digital archive: BioStor and the Biodiversity Heritage Library | journal=Nature Precedings | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media | date=21 September 2010 | issn=1756-0357 | doi=10.1038/npre.2010.4928.1| doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | last=Page | first=Roderic D. M. | title=Extracting scientific articles from a large digital archive: BioStor and the Biodiversity Heritage Library | journal=BMC Bioinformatics | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2011 | page=187 | issn=1471-2105 | pmid=21605356 | pmc=3129327 | doi=10.1186/1471-2105-12-187 | doi-access=free}}
* {{cite conference | last=Palmer | first=James D. | title=Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing | chapter=Exploiting bibliographic web services with CiTeX | publisher=ACM | date=11 March 2007 | pages=1673–1676 | isbn=978-1-59593-480-2 | doi=10.1145/1244002.1244356}}
* {{cite journal | last=Ronallo | first=Jason | date=2012-02-03 | title=HTML5 microdata and Schema.org | journal=The Code4Lib Journal | number=16 | article-number=6400 | issn=1940-5758 | url=https://journal.code4lib.org/articles/6400}}
* {{citation | mode=cs1 | last1=Tanner | first1=Rene | last2=Flitner | first2=Debbie | date=2021-06-25 | title=Building a library toolbar with LibX | publisher=Arizona State University | url=https://keep.lib.asu.edu/system/files/2021-07/building-a-library-toolbar-with-libx.pdf}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Trainor | first1=Cindi | last2=Price | first2=Jason S. | date=October 2010 | title=Rethinking library linking: Breathing new life into OpenURL | journal=Library Technology Reports: Expert Guides to Library Systems and Services | volume=46 | number=7 | issn=0024-2586 | publisher=[[ALA TechSource]] | isbn=978-0-8389-5813-1 | doi=10.5860/ltr.46n7 | url=https://journals.ala.org/ltr/issue/view/167 | at=[https://journals.ala.org/ltr/article/view/4559 The future of OpenURL linking: Adaptation and expansion], pp. 27-33| url-access=subscription }}

== External links ==
* {{web archive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424223448/http://ocoins.info/ |title=OpenURL ContextObject in SPAN (COinS)}} "A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML"
* {{web archive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120130531/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html |title=KEV implementation guidelines}}
* {{web archive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302163916/http://vlib.mpg.de/sfx-coins.html |title=Using COinS from Max Planck virtual Library}}
* {{web archive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626062405/http://www.oclc.org/productworks/coins.htm |title=What are COinS?}} – from [[Online Computer Library Center]]

{{Semantic Web}}

[[Category:Library 2.0]]
[[Category:Internet architecture]]
[[Category:Microformats]]
[[Category:Metadata publishing]]