View source for Fratelli tutti

{{Short description|2020 encyclical of Pope Francis}}
{{Italic title}}

{{Infobox encyclical
 |title=Fratelli tutti| language = Italian
 | translation = All Brothers
 |subject=On fraternity and social friendship| date = {{Start date|2020|10|03|df=y}}
 |type=e| pope = Francis
 | papal_coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Franciscus.svg
 | number = 3 of 4
 | before = Laudato si'
 | after =  Dilexit nos
 |Acta Apostolicae Sedis=112 (11): 969-1074| web_en = https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html
 | web_la =https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html 
}}
{{Social teachings of the popes}}
'''''Fratelli tutti''''' (''All Brothers'') is the third [[encyclical]] of [[Pope Francis]], subtitled "on [[Fraternity (philosophy)|fraternity]] and social friendship"; it was released in 2020. In the document, Francis states that the way the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was managed by world countries has shown a failure in global cooperation. The encyclical calls for more human fraternity and solidarity, and is a plea to reject wars.

The document was signed on 3 October 2020, on the occasion of Pope Francis's visit to the tomb of his namesake, [[Francis of Assisi]], and was published the following day on the saint's [[feast day]].

== Background ==
''Fratelli tutti'' is Pope Francis' third [[encyclical letter]], after ''[[Lumen fidei]]'' and ''[[Laudato si']]''.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Fratelli tutti: Pope Francis calls for unity in new encyclical |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/46083/fratelli-tutti-pope-francis-calls-for-unity-in-new-encyclical |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> The document was first announced on 5 September 2020.<ref name="Une nouvelle encyclique sur la fraternité bientôt signée à Assise22">{{Cite web|last=Kubacki|first=Marie-Lucile|date=5 September 2020|title=Une nouvelle encyclique sur la fraternité bientôt signée à Assise|url=http://www.lavie.fr/religion/catholicisme/une-nouvelle-encyclique-sur-la-fraternite-bientot-signee-a-assise-05-09-2020-108549_16.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907095920/https://www.lavie.fr/religion/catholicisme/une-nouvelle-encyclique-sur-la-fraternite-bientot-signee-a-assise-05-09-2020-108549_16.php|archive-date=7 September 2020|access-date=5 September 2020|website=La Vie|language=fr|issn=0151-2323}}</ref>

The encyclical's title is taken from [[Francis of Assisi]]'s ''[[Francis of Assisi#Main writings|Admonitions]]''. Pope Francis had alluded to the same quotation on 14 May 2020, when he celebrated [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] at the [[Domus Sanctae Marthae]] in Vatican City:<ref name="Une nouvelle encyclique sur la fraternité bientôt signée à Assise22" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Day of fraternity, day of penance and prayer (14 May 2020) {{!}} Francis|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/cotidie/2020/documents/papa-francesco-cotidie_20200514_giornodi-fratellanza-penitenza-preghiera.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=w2.vatican.va}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=St Francis of Assisi used to say: "All brothers and sisters". And so, men and women of every religious confession are uniting themselves today in prayer and penance to ask for the grace of healing from [[COVID-19 pandemic|this pandemic]].|author=|title=|source=}}

On 4 February 2019, Pope Francis signed the ''[[Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together]]'' while on an apostolic journey to the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Co-signing the document was the [[grand imam of Al-Azhar]], [[Ahmad al-Tayyeb|Ahmad Al-Tayyeb]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-02-01|title=Pope to participate in first International Day of Human Fraternity|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2021-02/pope-francis-to-join-first-world-day-human-fraternity.html|access-date=2021-02-01|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref>

Before the publication of the encyclical its title was criticized by Father [[Thomas J. Reese]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}, who found it to be discriminatory toward women, because the [[literal translation]] of the title is "Brothers all". However, the [[Italian language|Italian]] phrase has the common connotation of "all of humanity" and is, by default, inclusive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Winfield|first=Nicole|date=Sep 17, 2020|title=What's in a name? At the Vatican, a debate on inclusiveness|url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2020/09/whats-in-a-name-at-the-vatican-a-debate-on-inclusiveness/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Crux}}</ref> The [[Women in the Catholic Church|Catholic Women]]’s Council wrote an open letter to the pope "expressing concern" that the title gives the impression that the encyclical is addressed only to men, which created frustrations in a Church that [[Ordination of women and the Catholic Church|does not recognize female priesthood]]. [[Phyllis Zagano]] also criticized the title, saying: "Too much is at stake. Too many women are being insulted. Too many female lives are at risk".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vondracek|first=Christopher|date=2 October 2020|others=<!---[Wikipedia editor note: The article incorrectly states "Fratelli tutti" is in Latin]--->|title=Pope's latest encyclical draws ire of Catholic feminists|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/oct/2/popes-latest-encyclical-draws-ire-catholic-feminis/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=The Washington Times|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Signature and publication ==
[[File:Assisi-Tomba di San Francesco.JPG|thumb|upright|Tomb of Francis of Assisi and its altar on which the encyclical was signed]]
Pope Francis signed ''Fratelli tutti'' on 3 October 2020 in [[Assisi]], at the tomb of Francis of Assisi in [[Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi|the eponymous basilica]]. After celebrating [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] in front of said tomb,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reis|first=Bernadette Mary|date=2020-10-03|title=Pope signs new Encyclical "Fratelli tutti" on St Francis's tomb in Assisi|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/pope-assisi-signs-encyclical-fratelli-tutti.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref> Francis put the text of the encyclical "on the altar under the tomb of St. Francis and signed it".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wooden|first=Cindy|date=2020-10-03|title=Pope signs new encyclical in Assisi|url=https://www.catholicnews.com/pope-signs-new-encyclical-in-assisi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006162958/https://www.catholicnews.com/pope-signs-new-encyclical-in-assisi/|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-20|website=[[Catholic News Service]]|language=en-US}}</ref> This signature marked the first time a papal encyclical was signed outside [[Rome]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allen Jr.|first=John L.|author-link=John L. Allen Jr.|date=2020-10-03|title=As Pope named 'Francis' heads to Assisi, a lot rides on new encyclical|url=https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2020/10/as-pope-named-francis-heads-to-assisi-a-lot-rides-on-new-encyclical/|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Crux}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=I.Media|date=4 October 2020|title=Le pape François signe l'encyclique " Fratelli tutti " à Assise|url=https://fr.aleteia.org/2020/10/04/le-pape-francois-signe-sa-troisieme-encyclique-fratelli-tutti-a-assise/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=[[Aleteia]]|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Francis's trip to Assisi was his first outside Rome since the beginning of [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref name="Le pape à Assise en octobre, sa première sortie depuis février2">{{Cite web|agency=Reuters|date=5 September 2020|title=Le pape à Assise en octobre, sa première sortie depuis février|url=https://www.challenges.fr/top-news/le-pape-a-assise-en-octobre-sa-premiere-sortie-depuis-fevrier_725844|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Challenges|language=fr|issn=0751-4417}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web|last=Allen|first=Elise Ann|date=3 October 2020|title=In first trip since COVID, pope visits Assisi to sign new encyclical|url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2020/10/in-first-trip-since-covid-pope-visits-assisi-to-sign-new-encyclical/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=[[Crux (online newspaper)|Crux]]}}</ref> and his fourth visit to the city as pope.<ref name="Une nouvelle encyclique sur la fraternité bientôt signée à Assise22" /><ref name=":52" /> The conservative Spanish Catholic website ''[[InfoVaticana]]'' had [[Internet leak|leaked]] the original Spanish version of the encyclical on the same day despite the [[news embargo]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Vaticano, il caso del sito web che anticipa l'enciclica del Papa rompendo l'embargo|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/vaticano/papa_francesco_vaticano_enciclica_infovaticana_com_sito_spagnolo_embargo_fratelli_tutti-5501481.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=[[Il Messaggero]]|language=it}}</ref>

The text of the encyclical was officially published by the Vatican on 4 October 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 October 4|url=http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/events/event.dir.html/content/vaticanevents/en/2020/10/4/enciclica-fratellitutti.html|access-date=4 October 2020|website=Activities of the Holy Father Pope Francis|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Altieri|first=Christopher|date=2020-10-04|title=Pope Francis releases Encyclical Letter Fratelli Tutti|url=https://catholicherald.co.uk/pope-francis-releases-encyclical-letter-fratelli-tutti/|access-date=2020-10-04|website=[[Catholic Herald]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-04|title=Avec l'encyclique " Fratelli tutti ", le pape François passe au crible la mondialisation|language=fr|work=[[Le Monde]]|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/10/04/avec-l-encyclique-fratelli-tutti-le-pape-francois-passe-au-crible-la-mondialisation_6054712_3224.html|access-date=2020-10-05|author-first1=Cécile|author-last1=Chambraud}}</ref> the [[feast day]] of Francis of Assisi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> The publication of the encyclical was preceded by a [[press conference]] the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reis|first=Bernadette Mary|date=2020-10-04|title=Highlights from presentation of "Fratelli tutti"|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/fratelli-tutti-encyclical-fraternity-social-friendship-presented.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11" />

== Inspirations ==
In the encyclical, Pope Francis states that his February 2019 meeting in [[Abu Dhabi]] with [[Ahmad al-Tayyeb]], [[Grand Imam of al-Azhar]], during which they signed the ''[[Document on Human Fraternity]],'' was an inspiration for the document.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Crowe|first=Gretchen R.|date=2020-10-04|title=In his new encyclical, Pope Francis challenges all people of good will to reconsider: 'Who is my brother?'|url=https://www.osvnews.com/2020/10/04/in-his-new-encyclical-pope-francis-challenges-all-people-of-good-will-to-reconsider-who-is-my-brother/|access-date=2020-10-04|website=[[Our Sunday Visitor]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Fratelli tutti (3 October 2020) {{!}} Francis|url=http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref> Besides Francis of Assisi, he also states that he has been inspired by numerous non-Catholics, including [[Martin Luther King]], [[Desmond Tutu]], and [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

The notion of "neighbour" elaborated in the document is partly inspired by the interpretation of [[Paul Ricoeur]], whom the pope quotes twice in the encyclical; the pope also quotes one of Ricoeur's thought leaders, [[Christian existentialism|Christian existentialist]] philosopher [[Gabriel Marcel]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Izoard|first=Antoine-Marie|date=2020-10-04|title=Fratelli tutti : une encyclique aux multiples références françaises|url=https://www.famillechretienne.fr/eglise/pape-et-vatican/fratelli-tutti-une-encyclique-aux-multiples-references-francaises-279018|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Famille Chretienne|language=fr}}</ref>

== Redaction ==
Archbishop [[Víctor Manuel Fernández]] participated in the encyclical's redaction.<ref>{{Cite web|last=San Martín|first=Inés|date=Oct 5, 2020|title=Pope Francis doesn't propose 'welfarism,' says close papal advisor|url=https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-americas/2020/10/pope-francis-doesnt-propose-welfarism-says-close-papal-advisor/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Crux}}</ref> Francis was also assisted by the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]] in the drafting of the encyclical.<ref name=":10" />

== Language ==
The encyclical was written originally in [[Spanish language|Spanish]],<ref name="visit22">{{Cite web|title=Visit of the Holy Father Francis to Assisi: Holy Mass and signing of the new Encyclical "All Brothers", on fraternity and social friendship|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/events/event.dir.html/content/vaticanevents/en/2020/10/3/assisi-enciclica.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican.va|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visit of the Holy Father Francis to Assisi on the occasion of the signing of the Encyclical Letter "Fratelli tutti" on fraternity and social friendship|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/10/03/201003a.html|access-date=2021-07-20|website=press.vatican.va}}</ref> although the title is in [[Italian language|Italian]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=Oct 3, 2020|title=Pope Francis signs new encyclical 'Fratelli tutti' in Assisi|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/46082/pope-francis-signs-new-encyclical-fratelli-tutti-in-assisi|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Catholic News Agency|language=en}}</ref>

== Content ==

The encyclical calls for more human fraternity and solidarity, and is a [[plea]] to reject wars.<ref name=":5">{{cite news|date=October 5, 2020|title=Pope says pandemic has exposed market capitalism's failure|website=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pope-francis-capitalism-markets-coronavirus-pandemic-fail/|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> It focuses on contemporary social and economic problems, and proposes an ideal world of fraternity in which all countries can be part of a "larger human family".<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Pentin|first=Edward|date=October 4, 2020|title=Pope's New Encyclical 'Fratelli Tutti' Outlines Vision for a Better World|url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/pope-s-new-encyclical-fratelli-tutti-outlines-vision-for-a-better-world|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[National Catholic Register]]|language=en}}</ref> The encyclical is roughly 43,000 words long,<ref name=":13" /> divided into 8 chapters and 287 paragraphs,<ref name=":2" /> and contains 288 footnotes.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":2" /> Most of the encyclical contains what the Pope has already said, and can be considered as a systematic, comprehensive rearrangement of the work Francis has produced during his seven-year papacy. "By incorporating past sayings from [[homilies]], speeches and statements into an [[encyclical]], one of the highest levels of teaching in the church, he raises their authority".<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Reese|first=Thomas|date=2020-10-04|title=Five things to look for in Pope Francis' new encyclical, 'Fratelli Tutti'|url=https://religionnews.com/2020/10/04/five-things-to-look-for-in-new-papal-encyclical-fratelli-tutti/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[Religion News Service]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Racism ===
{{Main|Catholic Church and race}}
The encyclical asserts that "[[Racism|[r]acism]] is a [[virus]] that quickly [[mutates]] and, instead of disappearing, goes into hiding, and lurks in waiting". It also condemns believers who continue to "support varieties of narrow and violent [[nationalism]], [[xenophobia]] and contempt, and even the mistreatment of those who are different".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Giangravé|first=Claire|date=2020-10-04|title=Pope Francis' new encyclical, Fratelli Tutti, enshrines familiar criticisms of racism and borders|url=https://religionnews.com/2020/10/04/pope-francis-new-encyclical-fratelli-tutti-enshrines-familiar-criticisms-of-racism-and-borders/|access-date=2020-10-04|website=[[Religion News Service]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Immigration ===
{{See also|Exsul Familia|Angels Unawares}}{{Blockquote|text=If every human being possesses an inalienable dignity, if all people are my brothers and sisters, and if the world truly belongs to everyone, then it matters little whether my neighbour was born in my country or elsewhere.|author=|title=|source=''Fratelli tutti'', §125}}
Francis supports the cause of [[immigrants]], saying: "No one, then, can remain excluded because of his or her place of birth, much less because of privileges enjoyed by others who were born in lands of greater opportunity. The limits and borders of individual states cannot stand in the way of this". He adds: "Each country also belongs to the foreigner inasmuch as a territory's goods must not be denied to a needy person coming from elsewhere".<ref name=":0" /> He says that migrants should also benefit from love, and quoted the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|USCCB]]'s 2018 pastoral letter against racism, saying that there are [[Natural rights and legal rights#Catholic Church|some rights]] that "precede any society because they flow from the dignity granted to each person as created by [[God]]".<ref name=":92"/>

The Pope also calls for the establishment of the concept of "full citizenship" and the rejection of the discriminatory use of the expression "minorities". The pope insists that differences among people are a gift, and that the whole is more than the total of its single parts. He furthermore states that other cultures "are not 'enemies' from which we need to protect ourselves".<ref name=":11" />

=== Interreligious relations ===
{{Main|Catholic Church and ecumenism|Pope Francis: ecumenism and interreligious dialogue|Interfaith dialogue}}
{{See also|China–Holy See relations#2018 Holy See–China Agreement}}
[[File:Percent of Christians by Country–Pew Research 2011.svg|thumb|Percentage of Christians in the World according to a 2011 [[Pew Research]] study.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf|title=Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population|publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref>]]
The encyclical is inspired by the [[Document on Human Fraternity|Abu Dhabi declaration]].<ref name=":0" /> In the encyclical, Pope Francis states the Abu Dhabi declaration "was no mere diplomatic gesture, but a reflection born of [[Interfaith dialogue|dialogue]] and common commitment".<ref name=":2" /> ''Fratelli tutti'' says: "we, the believers of the [[List of religions and spiritual traditions|different religions]], know that our witness to God benefits our societies" and "We Christians ask that, in those countries where we are a minority, we be [[Freedom of religion|guaranteed freedom]], even as we ourselves promote that freedom for non-Christians in places where they are a minority".<ref name=":0" />

Francis considers interreligious dialogue as a way to bring "friendship, peace and harmony", adding that without "openness to the [[God the Father|Father of all]]", fraternity cannot be achieved. He adds that the foundation of modern [[totalitarianism]] is the "denial of the [[Spirituality|transcendent]] dignity of the human person" and that violence "has no basis in religious convictions, but rather in their deformities". According to him, however, dialogue does not involve reducing or hiding one's deepest convictions, and sincere and humble adoration of God promotes the [[sanctity of life]].<ref name=":11" />

=== Good Samaritan ===
{{See also|Theology of Pope Francis}}
Pope Francis reflects upon the [[parable of the Good Samaritan]], which is the [[theological]] core of the encyclical.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Briscoe|first=Patrick|date=Oct 4, 2020|title=10 Things to know about the pope's newest encyclical letter|url=https://aleteia.org/2020/10/04/10-things-to-know-about-the-popes-newest-encyclical-letter/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Aleteia|language=en-US}}</ref> Pope Francis says this parable is an "ever new" call from [[Jesus]] to "rediscover our vocation as citizens of our respective nations and of the entire world, builders of a new social bond". It invites the reader to introspect their inner struggle between one's own [[security]] and personal sacrifices required by [[Charity (virtue)|charity]]. The parable "speaks to us of an essential and often forgotten aspect of our common humanity: we were created for a fulfilment that can only be found in love". <!-- More "us" --> Pope Francis adds: "All of us have a responsibility for the wounded" and "We should not expect everything from those who govern us, for that would be childish. We have the space we need for co-responsibility in creating and putting into place new processes and changes".<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Briscoe|first=Patrick|date=2020-10-04|title=The theological heart of "Fratelli Tutti," and where to find hope|url=https://aleteia.org/2020/10/04/the-theological-heart-of-fratelli-tutti-and-where-to-find-hope/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Aleteia|language=en-US}}</ref> The Pope also urges people to "be Good Samaritans who bear the pain of other people's troubles rather than fomenting greater hatred and resentment".<ref name=":7" />

In the same section, Pope Francis also criticises those who believe that worshipping God is enough and are untrue to [[Religious law|what their faith demands of them]]. Also, Francis points at those who "manipulate and cheat society" and "live off" [[welfare spending|welfare]]. He also emphasizes the importance of recognising Jesus Christ in those who are abandoned or excluded and adds he "sometimes wonder[s]<!--the article given in reference has "wonders," but the original text has "I wonder"--> why it took so long for the Church [[Catholic Church and slavery|unequivocally to condemn slavery]] and various forms of violence".<ref name=":11" />

=== Universal fraternity ===
{{See also|Brotherly love (philosophy)|Workers of the world, unite!|Catholic Church and abortion}}{{Blockquote|text=It is my desire that, in this our time, by acknowledging the dignity of each human person, we can contribute to the rebirth of a universal aspiration to fraternity. Fraternity between all men and women. [...] Let us dream, then, as a single human family, as fellow travellers sharing the same flesh, as children of the same earth which is our common home, each of us bringing the richness of his or her beliefs and convictions, each of us with his or her own voice, brothers and sisters all.|author=|title=|source=''Fratelli tutti'', §8}}
In the encyclical, Francis writes that the sense of global kinship is disappearing, and that the quest for justice and peace is being replaced by a "globalized indifference".<ref name=":11" />

In ''Fratelli tutti'', Francis states that universal brotherhood is possible, but requires "a decisive commitment to devising effective means to this end" (§ 180). Furthermore, he states that [[isolationism]], [[nationalism]], a global economy that "promotes individual interests", a "loss of the [[Philosophy of history|sense of history]]", limitless consumption, [[wastefulness]], the lack of [[Environmentalism|concern for the environment]], and a [[throwaway culture]] are hindering this end.<!-- Not quoted but taken verbatim --><ref name=":1" /> Among other things, [[Catholic Church and abortion|abortion]], [[Religious views on euthanasia#Catholicism|euthanasia]], neglect of the elderly, [[discrimination against women]], and [[Slavery in the 21st century|slavery]] are included as part of this throwaway culture<!-- More close paraphrasing -->;<ref>{{Cite web|date=Oct 4, 2020|title='Fratelli tutti': Pope Francis calls for unity in new encyclical|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/46083/fratelli-tutti-pope-francis-calls-for-unity-in-new-encyclical|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Catholic News Agency|language=en}}</ref> the word "abortion" is not present in the encyclical, but its condemnation is alluded.<ref name=":11" /> In the encyclical, Pope Francis says: "Social friendship and universal fraternity necessarily call for an acknowledgement of the worth of every human person, always and everywhere"; Francis warns that if the human dignity of [[disabled people]], of [[Poverty|poor people]], or of those who do not have access to education is menaced, then fraternity will be but a "vague [[Utopia|ideal]]".<ref name=":7" /> Francis states that [[individualism]] "does not make us more free, more equal, more fraternal"<!-- More "us" -->, and that what is needed is a "universal love" which promotes the dignity of every human being.<ref name=":92"/> He also says that individualist [[consumerism]] can possibly "rapidly degenerate into a free-for-all" which would be "worse than any [[pandemic]]".<!-- Close paraphrasing --><ref name=":11" />

=== "Liberty, equality and fraternity" ===
{{See also|Liberté, égalité, fraternité}}
In the encyclical Francis uses the expression "liberty, equality, and fraternity" without explicitly referencing [[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|the French motto]].<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":3" /> He explains that "[[Fraternity (philosophy)|[f]raternity]] is born not only of a climate of respect for [[individual liberties]], or even of a certain administratively guaranteed equality. Fraternity necessarily calls for something greater, which in turn enhances [[freedom]] and equality".<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Horan|first=Daniel P.|date=2020-10-04|title=Relationship leads us to peace: Three key Franciscan themes in 'Fratelli Tutti'|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/opinion/faith-seeking-understanding/relationship-leads-us-peace-three-key-franciscan-themes|access-date=2020-10-05|website=National Catholic Reporter|language=en}}</ref> He adds that liberty and equality are nothing without fraternity. Moreover, the Pope criticizes the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] and the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] for being abstract in essence, stating that equality cannot be attained by "an abstract proclamation that 'all men and women are equal'. Instead, it is the result of the conscious and careful cultivation of fraternity".<ref name=":10" />

=== Dignity of women ===
{{See also|Women in the Catholic Church}}
In the encyclical, Pope Francis strives to ensure the situation of women globally is taken more into account; he also stated: "The organization of societies worldwide is still far from reflecting clearly that women possess the same dignity and identical rights as men".<!-- Cite source material? --><ref name=":0" />

=== Capital punishment and life imprisonment ===
{{Main|Catholic Church and capital punishment|3 = Sanctity of life}}
{{See also|Capital punishment in the Bible|Religion and capital punishment|Consistent life ethic}}
Pope Francis [[Catholic Church and capital punishment#Modification to the Catechism (2018)|repeats]] that the [[death penalty]] is "inadmissible" and that "there can be no stepping back from this position".<!-- Close paraphrasing --><ref name=":11" /> He adds that the [[Catholic Church]] is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty; he explains: "The firm rejection of the death penalty shows to what extent it is possible to recognize the inalienable dignity of every human being and to accept that he or she has a place in this universe".<ref name=":2" /> He also expresses opposition to [[life imprisonment]], which he calls a "secret death penalty".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldrosen |first1=Nicholas |title=Life without parole is a 'secret death penalty.' It's also against Catholic teaching. |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2020/11/19/life-without-parole-secret-death-penalty-prison-catholic-teaching-fratelli-tutti |website=[[America (magazine)|America]] |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=26 August 2022}}</ref>

=== International politics ===
{{Main|Catholic Church and politics}}
In the encyclical, Pope Francis states the way the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was managed by world countries has shown a failure in global cooperation.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|last=Horowitz|first=Jason|date=2020-10-04|title=Pope Criticizes Lack of Unity in World's Response to Coronavirus|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/04/world/europe/pope-francis-coronavirus-response.html|access-date=2020-10-05|issn=0362-4331|quote=As I was writing this letter, the Covid-19 pandemic unexpectedly erupted, exposing our false securities. Aside from the different ways that various countries responded to the crisis, their inability to work together became quite evident.}}</ref> In the encyclical, he calls for the development of a mid- to long-term "form of [[global governance]]" which would have the means to provide "effective assistance for integrating migrants in their receiving countries, while also promoting the development of their countries of origin through policies inspired by solidarity, yet not linking assistance to ideological strategies and practices alien or contrary to the cultures of the peoples being assisted".<ref name=":2" />

Francis also calls for a reform of the [[United Nations]] to prevent it from being "delegitimized".<ref name=":2" />

Francis criticizes "certain [[populist]] political regimes" that [[Opposition to immigration|prevent migrants from entering their countries]] at all costs, and lead to "a [[xenophobic]] mentality". He defines good politics as politics that attempt to build communities and hear all opinions. To Francis, politics is not about "how many people endorsed me?" or "how many voted for me?", but rather about "how much love did I put into my work?" and "what real bonds did I create?"<ref name=":11" />

=== Economy ===

Francis warns against selfishness in the economy, and against [[Speculation|financial speculation]] which "continues to wreak havoc". For the Pope, the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that "not everything can be resolved by [[Free market|market freedom]]" and that human dignity must be put "back at the center".<ref name=":11" /> The Pope considers that a good [[economic policy]] is one which creates jobs, not one which removes them.<ref name=":12" /> He denounces the "dogma" of [[neoliberalism]] that the [[Market (economics)|market]] by itself [[Market fundamentalism|can resolve any problem]], a dogma which repeatedly "resort[s] to the magic theories of '[[Spillover (economics)|spillover]]' or '[[Trickle-down economics|trickle]]{{' "}} to solve any societal problem.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Poggioli|first=Sylvia|date=October 4, 2020|title=Pope Francis Laments Failures Of Market Capitalism In Blueprint For Post-COVID World|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/04/920053203/pope-francis-laments-failures-of-market-capitalism-in-blueprint-for-post-covid-w|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[NPR]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thorbecke|first=Catherine|date=5 October 2020|title=Pope Francis says trickle-down economic policies don't work amid the pandemic|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/pope-francis-trickle-economic-policies-work-amid-pandemic/story?id=73429394|access-date=2020-10-06|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref>

=== Private property ===
{{See also|Universal destination of goods|Commons}}
''Fratelli tutti'' accepts the [[right to property]], but states that this right "can only be considered a secondary [[Natural rights and legal rights|natural right]]" when compared to [[Dignity|human dignity]]. Francis attempts to reorient the right to property as a responsibility for the care of the whole planet: "All this brings out the positive meaning of the right to property: I care for and cultivate something that I possess, in such a way that it can contribute to the [[Common good|good of all]]".<ref name=":0" /> He also urges that the "right to private property" be accompanied by the "prior principle" of "subordination of all private property to the [[Universal destination of goods|universal destination of the earth's goods]], and thus the right of all to their use".<ref name=":11" />

=== War ===
{{Blockquote|text=With the money spent on weapons and other military expenditures, let us establish a global fund that can finally put an end to hunger and favour development in the most impoverished countries, so that their citizens will not resort to violent or illusory solutions, or have to leave their countries in order to seek a more dignified life.|author=|title=|source=''Fratelli tutti'', §262}}
Francis says that wars can no longer be considered justifiable, as the risks of war exceed any supposed benefits.<ref name=":11" /> He believes that "it is very difficult nowadays to invoke the rational criteria elaborated in earlier centuries to speak of the possibility of a '[[Just war theory|just war]]{{' "}};<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":11" /> Francis adds that [[Augustine of Hippo]], "who forged a concept of 'just war' that we no longer uphold in our own day, also said that 'it is a higher glory still to stay war itself with a word, than to slay men with the sword, and to procure or maintain peace by peace, not by war{{' "}}.<ref name=":2" /> Francis speaks of the right to defense by means of military force as a "potential right".<ref name=":3" /> [[War]], [[nuclear weapon]]s and [[terrorism]] are all denounced as misguided substitutes for dialogue and as means to primarily further [[National interest|national agendas]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Conclusion prayers ===
The encyclical ends with two [[prayer]]s: one to the [[Creator deity|Creator]] that addresses [[God]] as [[God the Father|Father]], and an [[Ecumenism|ecumenical]] Christian prayer that addresses God as the [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]].<ref name=":2" />

== Reception ==

=== Politicians ===
[[Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]], a [[Belarus]]ian politician exiled after the [[2020 Belarusian presidential election|2020 presidential election]], responded to the encyclical with a letter, ''Fraternal Society: A Vision For a New Belarus''. In the letter, Tsikhanouskaya noted that "a new political community" was born in Belarus out of "the desire for unity and solidarity" as a reaction to disenfranchising citizens during the post-Soviet decades of authoritarian [[Alexander Lukashenko|presidency]]. Reflecting on the election, she referred to the Good Samaritan parable central to encyclical, comparing the Belarusian people to the robbed and wounded traveller. She praised the [[laity]] and [[clergy]] of Belarusian churches who answered with "prayer, mercy, and the raising of their voices against violence and lawlessness". In her conclusion, Tsikhanouskaya challenged the Pope for guidance for the peaceful protesters facing continuous violence from the government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tsikhanouskaya|first=Sviatlana|date=2020-12-04|title=Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's letter to the Holy Father Francis – Царква і палітычны крызіс у Беларусі|url=https://belarus2020.churchby.info/sviatlana-tsikhanouskayas-letter-to-the-holy-father-francis/|access-date=2021-07-30|website=Church and the Political Crisis in Belarus|publisher=Christian Vision Group of the Coordination Council|language=en}}</ref>

=== Journalists ===
''[[Our Sunday Visitor]]'' describes the encyclical as "a papal [[plea]] to care for our fellow man", in the same way as the previous encyclical ''[[Laudato si']]'' is "a papal plea to [[Environmentalism|care for our common home]]".<!-- "Our"? --><ref name=":1" />

[[John L. Allen Jr.]] of [[Crux (online newspaper)|''Crux'']] compares ''Fratelli tutti'' to [[Pius XI]]'s 1931 encyclical ''[[Quadragesimo anno]]'' based on similarities he sees between the political and economic contexts in which both encyclicals were released and the solutions they provided.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Allen Jr.|first=John L.|author-link=John L. Allen Jr.|date=Oct 4, 2020|title=Like a century ago, a papal encyclical tries to shed light on a dark time|url=https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2020/10/like-a-century-ago-a-papal-encyclical-tries-to-shed-light-on-a-dark-time/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Crux}}</ref>

According to Eduardo Campos Lima of ''Crux'', many [[Brazilians]] were surprised and delighted by the use of Pope Francis of a quote from the song ''Samba da Benção'' of [[Vinicius de Moraes]] in the encyclical.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Campos Lima|first=Eduardo|date=Oct 8, 2020|title=Brazilians intrigued by papal encyclical's use of song based on Afro-Brazilian religion|url=https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-americas/2020/10/brazilians-intrigued-by-papal-encyclicals-use-of-song-based-on-afro-brazilian-religion/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Crux}}</ref>

=== Catholic Church ===
The head of the Jesuit Institute School of Spirituality in South Africa, Catholic laywoman Dr. Annemarie Paulin-Campbell,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-16|title=Our Team|url=https://www.jesuitinstitute.org.za/our-team/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Jesuit Institute South Africa|language=en-ZA|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119033959/https://www.jesuitinstitute.org.za/our-team/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Annemarie Paulin-Campbell|url=https://www.catholicwomenpreach.org/preacher/annmarie-paulin-campbel|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Catholic Women Preach}}</ref> criticizes the content of the encyclical, its title which she believes made it difficult for woman to feel included (although, she says, {{" '}}Fratelli' is meant to communicate brothers and sisters or siblings"), and its frequent use of the word "fraternity" which she says "carries strongly masculine connotations". She stated that the encyclical addressed many social issues, but did not address problems which particularly concern women, such as "gender-based violence" and she said that the Catholic Church "does not accord women the same dignity and identical rights as men". Nevertheless, she said that despite her "critique of 'Fratelli Tutti' in relation to women, it is well worth reading because it gives a sense of the many areas in which we are struggling in contemporary society".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paulin-Campbell|first=Annemarie|date=2020-10-04|title='Fratelli Tutti' – Encyclical of love that misses the boat on women|url=https://spotlight.africa/2020/10/04/fratelli-tutti-encyclical-of-love-that-misses-the-boat-on-women/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=spotlight.africa|language=en-GB|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026183503/https://spotlight.africa/2020/10/04/fratelli-tutti-encyclical-of-love-that-misses-the-boat-on-women/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Fr. [[James J. Martin (priest)|James J. Martin]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}} praises the encyclical, for he says the encyclical "ratifies a change in [[Catholic moral theology|church teaching]]" because it declares the death penalty "inadmissible" and states that Catholics should work to abolish it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=James|author-link=James Martin (priest, born 1960)|date=2020-10-04|title=Pope Francis closes the door on the death penalty in 'Fratelli Tutti'|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2020/10/04/pope-francis-closes-door-death-penalty-fratelli-tutti|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[America Magazine]]|language=en}}</ref>

Thomas Petri, dean of the [[Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception]], considers that the [[Catholic Church and capital punishment#Modification to the Catechism (2018)|2018 change of the Catechism]] and ''Fratelli tutti'' which both declare capital punishment "inadmissible" means that the death penalty is in itself admissible since the Pope did not qualify death penalty as "intrinsically evil". Petri believes that if a pope was to deny the admissibility in itself of death penalty, it would constitute a "rupture" with the previous teachings of the Catholic Church.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hadro|first=Matt|date=Oct 6, 2020|title=Does 'Fratelli tutti' change Church teaching on the death penalty?|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/46097/does-fratelli-tutti-change-church-teaching-on-the-death-penalty|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[Catholic News Agency]]|language=en}}</ref>

Bishop [[José Horacio Gómez]], president of the [[U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops]], says the encyclical proposes a challenge "to overcome the individualism in our culture and to serve our neighbors in love".<!-- "Our" --> [[Simone Campbell]] says the encyclical's message is: "We must move beyond continuous divisiveness and come together to build a world worthy of all God’s children".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lyons|first=Jack|date=Oct 12, 2020|title=Pope has 'simple but jarring' message for the world in encyclical|url=https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-usa/2020/10/pope-has-simple-but-jarring-message-for-the-world-in-encyclical/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Crux}}</ref>

On 1 December 2020, the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]] (DPIHD), with the help of the [[Dicastery for Communication]], has released a section of the DPIHD's website dedicated to the encyclical.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-01|title=Vatican launches website dedicated to "Fratelli tutti" encyclical|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-12/fratelli-tutti-website-dicastery-human-development.html|access-date=2020-12-01|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref>

=== Other religions ===
[[Grand Imam of Al-Azhar]] [[Ahmad al-Tayyeb]] says the encyclical "is an extension of the [[Document on Human Fraternity]], and reveals a global reality in which the vulnerable and marginalized pay the price for unstable positions and decisions. It is a message that is directed to people of good will, whose consciences are alive and restores to humanity consciousness".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abu Zaid|first=Mohammed|date=6 Oct 2020|title=Grand Imam of Al-Azhar welcomes Pope Francis 'Fratelli Tutti' encyclical|url=https://www.arabnews.jp/en/middle-east/article_28291/,%20https://www.arabnews.jp/en/middle-east/article_28291/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Arab News Japan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Grand Imam: 'Pope Francis restores to humanity its consciousness'|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/world/news/2020-10/grand-imam-al-tayyeb-encyclical-fratelli-tutti-fraternity-pope.html|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-04|title=شيخ الأزهر: رسالة البابا تستعيد للبشرية وعيها|url=https://www.sawtbeirut.com/world-news/شيخ-الأزهر-رسالة-البابا-تستعيد-للبشري/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=[[Voice of Lebanon]]|language=ar}}</ref>

=== Freemasons ===
Through its communication organ ''El Oriente'', the {{Interlanguage link|Grand Lodge of Spain|lt=|es|Gran Logia de España|WD=}} praises the encyclical, saying that it shows "how far the current Catholic Church is from [[Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry#Catholic Church|its former position]]. In 'Fratelli Tutti', the Pope embraces Universal Fraternity, the great principle of modern [[Freemasonry|Masonry]]". The [[Masonic lodge|lodge]] also praises the fact that Francis addresses "the disintegrating role of the digital world, whose operation favors [[Echo chamber (media)|closed circuits]] of people who think the same way and facilitate the spread of [[fake news]] that encourage prejudice and hatred".<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=La Gran Logia de España se enorgullece de que el Papa Francisco abrace "la fraternidad universal", el gran principio fundacional de la masonería|url=https://latribunadelpaisvasco.com//art/13875/la-gran-logia-de-espana-se-enorgullece-de-que-el-papa-francisco-abrace-la-fraternidad-universal-el-gran-principio-fundacional-de-la-masoneria|access-date=2020-10-06|website=La Tribuna del País Vasco|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=La Gran Logia de España considera que Francisco abraza el concepto de fraternidad de la Masonería|url=https://www.infocatolica.com/?t=noticia&cod=38792|access-date=2020-10-07|website=InfoCatólica|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=El Papa abraza la Fraternidad Universal, el gran principio de la Masonería|url=https://us7.campaign-archive.com/?u=4406fe7d64e95e62cb07ce8d9&id=8893713190|access-date=2020-10-07|website=El Oriente – Gran Logia España}}</ref>

The [[Grand Orient of Italy]] wrote in its official magazine ''Erasmo'' to praise the encyclical, saying the "idea of universal brotherhood as a bond that unites all human beings, regardless of their faith, ideology, color, skin, social background, language, culture and nation" expressed in the ''Fratelli tutti'' are "close to the ideals that have been the very foundations of [[Freemasonry]] from the very beginning".<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 October 2020|title=Großorient von Italien erfreut über "Analogien" bei Papst Franziskus|url=https://katholisches.info/2020/10/26/grossorient-von-italien-erfreut-ueber-analogien-bei-papst-franziskus/|access-date=2020-10-26|website=Katholisches|language=de-DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2020 |title=Un valore massonico |url=https://www.grandeoriente.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/erasmo-n.-9-ottobre-2020-web.pdf |journal=Erasmo |issue=9 |pages=4–5 |quote=Nella sua ultima enciclica "Fratelli tutti", pubblicata il 3 ottobre, Papa Francesco ha espresso apertis verbis in chiave assolutamente inedita un'idea di fratellanza universale, come legame che unisce tutti gli esseri umani, al di là della loro fede, ideologia, colore della pelle, estrazione sociale, lingua, cultura e nazione. Si tratta di un pensiero che è vicino agli ideali che costituiscono fin dalle origini le fondamenta stesse della Massoneria. Da oltre 300 anni il principio di Fratellanza è scritto in maniera indelebile nel trinomio massonico posto all’Oriente nei templi insieme a quelli di Libertà e Uguaglianza. E la realizzazione di una Fratellanza universale, è dalle origini la grande missione e il grande sogno della Libera Muratoria. E lo hanno sottolineato nei loro commenti alcuni filosofi, giornalisti e anche qualche alto prelato di Santa Roma Chiesa, esprimendosi senza riserve nei confronti del messaggio venuto fuori dall’Enciclica Bergogliana |via=Grande Oriente d'Italia – Sito Ufficiale}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Pope Francis participated in a virtual observance of the [[International Day of Human Fraternity]] on 4 February 2021 along with [[Grand Imam of Al-Azhar]] [[Ahmad al-Tayyeb]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-04|title=Pope Francis and Grand Imam Al-Tayyeb celebrate first-ever International Day of Human Fraternity|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2021/02/04/pope-francis-grand-imam-international-day-human-fraternity-239926|access-date=2021-02-06|website=America Magazine|language=en}}</ref> a new celebration founded on 21 December 2020 by the [[United Nations]] and which may have been influenced by ''Fratelli tutti''.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-24|title=UN declares 4 February 'International Day of Human Fraternity'|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/world/news/2020-12/united-nations-institutes-international-day-human-fraternity.html|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref>

On 20 May 2021, the ''Fratelli Tutti'' Political School was created. This school is an [[online school]] of political thought, with its headquarters in the [[San Calisto palace]] of Vatican City. The school is managed by [[Juan Ignacio Maquieyra]] and will dispense [[online courses]] which will last 12 to 18 months each. Young people from all around the world can enrol for free in the school, but the enrolment is subject to a selection process.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=Pope launches virtual 'Fratelli Tutti' school saying priests shouldn't bless weapons|url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2021/05/pope-launches-virtual-fratelli-tutti-school-saying-priests-shouldnt-bless-weapons/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Crux|language=en-CA}}</ref>

On 21 October 2021, the Fratelli tutti foundation was created. The foundation aims to promote justice, solidarity and the common good.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-21|title="Fratelli tutti" Foundation launched in the Vatican|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2021-10/fratelli-tutti-vatican-foundation-cardinal-gambetti.html|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Vatican News|language=en}}</ref>

In July 2022, [[Taiwan]] organised an art exhibition titled "Friendly Taiwan meets Fratelli tutti" to celebrate the 80 years of [[diplomatic relationship]] between Taiwan and the [[Holy See]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-02 |title=Vaticano. Al via la mostra "Friendly Taiwan meets Fratelli tutti" |url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/mostra-taiwan |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=www.avvenire.it |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-02 |title=Vaticano: al via la mostra "Friendly Taiwan meets Fratelli Tutti" {{!}} AgenSIR |url=https://www.agensir.it/quotidiano/2022/7/2/vaticano-al-via-la-mostra-friendly-taiwan-meets-fratelli-tutti/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=SIR - [[Servizio Informazione Religiosa]] |language=it}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web|last=Piro|first=Isabella|date=2020-10-04|title="Fratelli tutti": short summary of Pope Francis's Social Encyclical|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/fratelli-tutti-pope-fraternity-social-friendship-short-summary.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican News|language=en}}
* {{Cite web|last=Piro|first=Isabella|date=2020-10-04|title="Fratelli tutti": long summary of Pope Francis's Social Encyclical|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/fratelli-tutti-pope-fraternity-social-friendship-long-summary.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican News|language=en}}
* {{Cite web|last=Reis|first=Bernadette Mary|date=2020-10-04|title=Highlights from presentation of "Fratelli tutti"|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/fratelli-tutti-encyclical-fraternity-social-friendship-presented.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican News|language=en}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|title=Fratelli tutti (3 October 2020) {{!}} Francis|url=http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=www.vatican.va}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Pope Francis |date=2020 |title=Fratres omnes |url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/2020/acta-novembre2020.pdf |journal=[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]] |volume=112 |issue=11 |pages=969–1074}}
* {{Cite web|title=Visit of the Holy Father Francis to Assisi: Holy Mass and signing of the new Encyclical "All Brothers", on fraternity and social friendship|url=http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/events/event.dir.html/content/vaticanevents/en/2020/10/3/assisi-enciclica.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Vatican.va|language=en}}
* {{Cite web|title=Conferenza sulla Lettera Enciclica "Fratelli tutti" del Santo Padre Francesco sulla fraternità e l'amicizia sociale|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/10/04/0505/01161.html|access-date=2020-10-04|website=press.vatican.va}}
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFTTk5Vo-0Q ENGLISH-Video Fratelli tutti]'' by Vatican IHD, 16 October 2020; presentation by the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]]
*[http://www.humandevelopment.va/en/fratelli-tutti.html Official website of the encyclical]

{{Pope Francis}}
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