View source for Hugues de Payens

{{Short description|Co-Founder and Grand Master of the Knights Templar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = {{lang|italic=no|fr|Hugues de Payens}}
| native_name = {{ubl|{{langx|la|Hugo de Paganis}}|{{langx|it|Ugo de' Pagani}}}}
| image = Dijon Place Saint Bernard Hugues de Payens detail statue.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{c.|1070}}<!--could be as late as 1074-->
| birth_place = {{ulist
 |[[Pagani, Campania|Pagani]], formerly part of [[Nocera dei Pagani]] ([[Southern Italy]]){{Sfn|Baedeker|1869}}{{Sfn|Benigni|1911}}{{Sfn|Rotundo|1983}}{{Sfn|Moiraghi|2005}}
 |[[Troyes]], [[Kingdom of France]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.templiers.org/huguespayns-eng.php|title=Hugues de Payns (1070??-1136)|access-date=2014-08-20|archive-date=2017-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529095728/http://www.templiers.org/huguespayns-eng.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 }}
| death_date = 24 May 1136 (aged 66)
| death_place = [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
| known_for = Founding member and first [[Grand Master (order)|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Templar]]
| occupation =
| nationality =
| office = 1st [[List of grand masters of the Knights Templar|Grand Master of the Knights Templar]]
| successor = [[Robert de Craon]]
| predecessor = ''Order established''
| termstart = {{c.|1119}}<!--generally considered to be possibly as late as 16 January 1120 or as early as 1118, with some other claims stretching back to before 1100-->
| termend = 1136
}}

{{Knights Templar}}

'''{{lang|la|Hugo de Paganis}}''',<ref name=Tyre/> better known by the French translation '''{{lang|italic=no|fr|Hugues de Payens}}''' or '''{{lang|italic=no|fr|Payns}}''' ({{c.|1070}} – 24 May 1136), was the co-founder and first Grand Master of the [[Knights Templar]]. In association with [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], he created the ''[[Latin Rule]]'', the code of behavior for the Order.

== Name ==
The majority of the primary sources of information for his life are presented in medieval Latin, French or Italian. Latin sources call him {{lang|la|Hugo de Paganis}}.<ref name=Tyre/> Some of his earliest purported appearances in documents are under the part-Latin, part-French name ''Hugo de Peans'' (1120–1125; details below), or in Italian as {{lang|it|Ugo de' Pagani}} or {{lang|it|Ugo dei Pagani}}.{{Sfn|Baedeker|1869}}{{Sfn|Benigni|1911}}{{Sfn|Rotundo|1983}}{{Sfn|Moiraghi|2005}} In later French works his name usually appears as {{lang|fr|Hugues de Payens}} or {{lang|fr|Payns}} ({{IPA|fr|yɡ də pɛ̃}}), often translated into English as ''Hugh of Payens'' or ''Hugh de Payns''.

Remarkably, Italian {{lang|it|Ugo de' Pagani}} and French {{lang|la|Hugues de Payens}} are literal translations of each other, both literally meaning 'Hugh of the Pagans' ({{langx|la-x-medieval|Hugo de Paganis}}). Moreover, both his presumed origins ([[Nocera de' Pagani]] and [[Payns]]) are located in regions which were then named {{lang|la|Campania}} in Latin ({{langx|it|[[Campania]]}}, {{langx|fr|[[Champagne (province)|Champagne]]}}).{{Sfn|Moiraghi|2005}}

== Origin and early life ==
There is no known early biography of Hugo de Paganis in existence, nor do later writers cite such a biography. None of the sources on his later career give details of his early life. Information is therefore scanty and uncertain; embellishments depend partly on documents that may not refer to the same individual, and partly on histories written decades or even centuries after his death.

[[File:Gelasii II Vitam.GIF|thumb|{{blockquote|[...] the Italian brother Ugo dei Pagani, from the city of [[Nocera dei Pagani|Nocera]], near [[Salerno]].|''Life of Pope Gelasius II''{{Sfn|Gaetani|1638}}}}
Diaries on the life of [[Gelasius II]], pontiff between [[1118]] and [[1119]].]]
There is long-dated claim that {{lang|la|Hugo de Paganis}} ({{langx|it|Ugo de' Pagani}}) came from [[Nocera de' Pagani]] in [[Campania]], [[Southern Italy]], historically supported by authors like [[Carlo Sigonio]],{{Sfn|Sigonio|1574}} Heinrich Pantaleon,{{Sfn|Pantaleon|1581}} Scipione Mazzella,{{Sfn|Mazzella|1596}} Filiberto Campanile,{{Sfn|Campanile|1610}} [[Marco Antonio Guarini]],{{Sfn|Guarini|1621}} Frans Mennens,{{Sfn|Mennens|1623}} [[Antonino Amico]],{{Sfn|Amico|1636}} [[Costantino Gaetani]],{{Sfn|Gaetani|1638}} Blaise François de Pagan,{{Sfn|De Pagan|1668}} [[Pierre Dupuy (scholar)|Pierre Dupuy]],{{Sfn|Dupuy|1713}}{{Sfn|Dupuy|1751}} Bernardo Giustinian{{Sfn|Giustinian|1692}} and [[Johann Jacob Hofmann]].{{Sfn|Hofmann|1698}}
Mentions of Nocera as his birthplace also appear in [[Baedeker]]'s ''Italy: handbook for travellers. Part 3'' (1869){{Sfn|Baedeker|1869}} and in the [[Catholic Encyclopedia|Old Catholic Encyclopedia]] (Volume 11) published by Robert Appleton Company in 1911.{{Sfn|Benigni|1911}} Multiple authors have stated that this claim is also supported by a letter Hugo supposedly wrote from Palestine in 1103, in which he talked of writing to "my father in Nocera" to tell him of the death of his cousin Alessandro.{{Sfn|Accattatis|1869}}{{Sfn|Gradilone|1967}}{{Sfn|Rotundo|1983}}{{Sfn|Moiraghi|2005}}{{Sfn|Moiraghi|2013}}

The earliest source that details a geographical origin for the later Grand Master is the Old French translation of [[William of Tyre]]'s ''History of Events Beyond the Sea'', dated to {{c.|1200}}. The Latin text actually calls him simply {{lang|la|Hugo de Paganis}},<ref name=Tyre>[http://thelatinlibrary.com/williamtyre/12.html#7 Text] at ''The Latin Library''</ref> but the French translation by Paulin Paris, dated to 1879, describes him as {{lang|fr|Hues de Paiens delez Troies}} ("Hugh of Payens near Troyes"),<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/basis/GuillaumeTyr2.asp Text: see book 12 chapter 7]</ref> a reference to the village of [[Payns]], about 10{{nbs}}km from [[Troyes]], in [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] (eastern France).

In early documents of that region {{lang|la|Hugo de Pedano, Montiniaci dominus}} is mentioned as a witness to a donation by Count [[Hugh I of Champagne|Hugh of Champagne]] in a document of 1085–90, indicating that the man was at least sixteen by this date—a legal adult and thus able to bear witness to legal documents—and so born no later than 1070. The same name appears on a number of other charters up to 1113 also relating to Count Hugh of Champagne, suggesting that {{lang|la|Hugo de Pedano}} or {{lang|la|Hugo dominus de Peanz}} was a member of the Count's court. By the year 1113, he was married to Elizabeth de Chappes, who bore him at least one child, Thibaud, later abbot of the Abbaye de la Colombe at [[Sens]]. The documents span Hugh's lifetime and the disposition of his property after his death.<ref>{{cite book|first=Thierry|last=Leroy|title=Hugues de Payns, chevalier champenois, fondateur de l'Ordre des Templiers|location=Troyes|publisher=Maison Boulanger|year=1997|isbn=2950789560}}</ref>

The one belated statement that the founder of the Knights Templars came from "Payns near Troyes" has some circumstantial confirmation. [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], who favoured the Order and helped to compose its ''Latin Rule'', also had the support of Hugh of Champagne. The ''Latin Rule'' of the Order was confirmed at the [[Council of Troyes in 1129]]. A Templar commandery was eventually built at Payns. Some scholars have however looked for Hugh's origins elsewhere. There was an early claim that he came from the [[Vivarais]] (the district of [[Viviers, Ardèche|Viviers]] in the modern {{lang|fr|département}} of [[Ardèche]]).<ref>Michel des Chaliards, ''Les Pagels de l'Ardèche et leurs seigneurs'' (Roudil) p. 44; F. Malartre, in ''Revue du Vivarais'' vol. 86 (1982) p. 125; Odo de Gissey, ''Histoire de N.D du Puy'' (1644)</ref> Hugh has also been identified with Hug de Pinós, third son of Galceran I, lord of [[Pinós]] in [[Catalonia]];<ref>J. G. Atienza, ''La mística solar de los Templarios'' pp. 240–243</ref> however, Galceran married only in 1090, far too late a date for him to be the father of the founder of the Knights Templars.

== The foundation of the Order ==
[[File:Baldwin II ceeding the Temple of Salomon to Hugues de Payens and Gaudefroy de Saint-Homer.jpg|thumb|290x290px|King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] ceding the Temple to Hugh of Payens and [[Godfrey de Saint-Omer]]]]
[[Hugh, Count of Champagne]] made a pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]] in 1104–07 and visited Jerusalem for a second time in 1114–16. It is probable that he was accompanied by Hugh of Payens, who remained there after the Count returned to France as there is a charter with "Hugonis de Peans" in the witness list from Jerusalem in 1120 and again in 1123. In 1125 his name appears again as a witness to a donation, this time accompanied by the title "magister militum Templi" ("Master of the Knights of the Temple"). He most likely obtained approval for the Order from King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] and [[Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem]] at the [[Council of Nablus]] in 1120.<ref>{{cite web|last=Selwood|first=Dominic|title=Knights Templar 3: Birth of the Order|url=http://www.dominicselwood.com/birth-of-the-order/|access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref>

One early chronicler, Simon de St. Bertin, implies that the Knights Templar originated earlier, before the death of [[Godfrey of Bouillon]] in 1100: "While he [Godfrey] was reigning magnificently, some had decided not to return to the shadows of the world after suffering such dangers for God's sake. On the advice of the princes of God's army, they vowed themselves to God's Temple under this rule: they would renounce the world, give up personal goods, free themselves to pursue purity, and lead a communal life wearing a poor habit, only using arms to defend the land against the attacks of the insurgent pagans when necessity demanded."<ref>{{cite book|first=Simon|last=de St. Bertin|lang=la,en|contribution=Gesta abbatum Sancti Bertini Sithensium|editor-first=Oswald|editor-last=Holder-Egger|title=Monumenta Germanica Historica: Scriptores|volume=13|page=649|translator-first=Helen|translator-last=Nicholson|url=http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/templars1.htm}}</ref>

Later chroniclers write that Hugh of Payens approached King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] (whose reign began in 1118) with eight knights, two of whom were brothers and all of whom were his relatives by either blood or marriage, in order to form the Order of the Knights Templar. The other knights were [[Godfrey de Saint-Omer]], Payen de [[Montdidier, Somme|Montdidier]], Archambaud de [[Saint-Amand-les-Eaux|St. Amand]], [[André de Montbard]], Geoffrey Bison, and two men recorded only by the names of Rossal and Gondamer. Baldwin approved the foundation of the Order and entrusted the Temple of Jerusalem to its care.

Count Hugh of Champagne himself joined the Knights Templar on his third visit to the Holy Land in 1125.

In the late 1120s, Hugh of Payens, along with several other Templars, went on a diplomatic mission to western Europe on behalf of Baldwin II. They met with nobles and kings in an attempt to encourage warriors to come to the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] and join an attack on [[Damascus]] Baldwin was planning.<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Dan|author-link=Dan Jones (writer)|date=2017|title=The Templars: The Rise and Spectacular Fall of God's Holy Warriors|url=|location=New York|publisher=[[Viking Press]]|page=40-41|isbn=978-0-525-42830-5}}</ref>

As Grand Master, Hugh of Payens led the Order for almost twenty years until his death, helping to establish the Order's foundations as an important and influential military and financial institution. On his visit to England and Scotland in 1128, he raised men and money for the Order, and also founded their first House in London and another near [[Edinburgh]] at [[Balantrodoch]], now known as [[Temple, Midlothian]]. The ''[[Latin Rule]]'' laying down the way of life of the Order, attributed to Hugh of Payens and [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], was confirmed in 1129 at the [[Council of Troyes 1129|Council of Troyes]]{{sfn|Upton-Ward|1992|p=4 and 12}}{{sfn|Howe|2016|p=21}} over which a papal legate, sent by [[Pope Honorius II]], presided.

== Death ==
Hugh of Payens reportedly died in 1136, but the circumstances and date of his death are not recorded in any chronicle, though the Templars commemorated him every year on 24 May, and it is presumed that he died of old age. The 16th-century historian [[Marco Antonio Guarini]] claimed that Hugh was buried in the Church of San Giacomo in [[Ferrara]].{{Sfn|Guarini|1621}}{{Sfn|Capone Ferrari|Imperio|Valentini|1997|p=125}} He was succeeded as Grand Master by [[Robert de Craon]].

== In popular culture ==
It has recently been claimed that the wife of Hugues de Payens was Catherine St. Clair within the context of the alternative history of [[Roslin, Midlothian|Rosslyn]], such as in the pseudohistory of the ''[[Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau]]'' and the [[conspiracy theory]] of ''[[The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail]]''.<ref>e.g. Tim Wallace-Murphy, ''The Templar Legacy & The Masonic Inheritance within Rosslyn Chapel'', p.17 (The Friends of Rosslyn, 1994 {{ISBN|0-9521493-1-1}}).</ref><ref>The claim that Hugues de Payens married Catherine St. Clair was made in ''Les Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau'' (1967), "Tableau Généalogique de Gisors, Guitry, Mareuil et Saint-Clair par Henri Lobineau" in Pierre Jarnac, ''Les Mystères de Rennes-le-Château, Mélanges Sulfureux'' (CERT, 1995).</ref>

Hugues is the main protagonist of the [[Jack Whyte]] novel ''Knights of the Black and White''.{{Fact|date=November 2022}}

Hughes is mentioned on the TV series ''[[Knightfall (TV series)|Knightfall]]'' in season 2, chapter 5.{{Fact|date=November 2022}}

== Notes and references ==
=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author=VV.AA.|contributor-last=Benigni|contributor-first=Umberto|contributor-link=Umberto Benigni|date=1911|lang=en|title=Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=XI|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|contribution=Nocera dei Pagani|contribution-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11087a.htm|page=[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11087a.htm 11087a]|archive-date=2023-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216014057/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11087a.htm}}
* {{cite book|last=Accattatis|first=Luigi|date=1869|lang=it|title=Le biografie degli uomini illustri delle Calabrie|volume=I|location=Cosenza|publisher=Tipografia Municipale|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz4BAAAAQAAJ|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz4BAAAAQAAJ&q=%22lettera%20latina%2C%20scritta%20in%20pergamena%20da%20Gerusalemme%22&pg=PA68 68]}}
* {{cite book|last=Amico|first=Antonino|author-link=Antonino Amico|date=1636|lang=la|title=Brevis et exacta notitia originis Sacrae Domus Templi|location=Palermo}}
* {{cite book|last=Baedeker|first=Karl|author-link=Karl Baedeker|orig-date=1867|date=1869|edition=2|lang=en, de|title=Italy: handbook for travellers|volume=III|location=Coblenz|publisher=Karl Baedeker|url=https://archive.org/details/italyhandbooktr03karl|page=[https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbooktr03karl#page/145 145]}}
* {{cite book|last=Campanile|first=Filiberto|date=1610|lang=it|title=L'armi, overo le insegne dei nobili|location=Naples|publisher=Tarquinio Longo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4nsTvRiltkC|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=W4nsTvRiltkC&pg=PA253 253]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Capone Ferrari|first1=Bianca|last2=Imperio|first2=Loredana|last3=Valentini|first3=Enzo|orig-year=1989|year=1997|edition=2|lang=it|title=Guida all'Italia dei templari. Gli insediamenti templari in Italia|location=Rome|publisher=Edizioni Mediterranee|isbn=9788827212011|page=125}}
* {{cite book|last=De Pagan|first=Blaise François|orig-date=1645|date=1668|edition=2|lang=fr|title=Les fortifications du comte de Pagan|location=Bruxelles [Paris]|publisher=François Foppens [Cardin Besogne]|url=https://archive.org/details/lesfortificatio00mervgoog}}
* {{cite book|last=Dupuy|first=Pierre|author-link=Pierre Dupuy (scholar)|orig-date=1654|date=1713|edition=2|lang=fr|title=Histoire de France|chapter=Histoire de la condamnation des Templiers|location=Bruxelles [Paris]|publisher=Pierre Foppens [Edme Martin]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529141323/http://gallica.bnf.fr/m/ark:/12148/bpt6k57279h/f14/|chapter-url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/m/ark:/12148/bpt6k57279h/f14|archive-date=2016-05-29|access-date=2024-06-16|url-status=bot: unknown}}
* {{cite book|last=Dupuy|first=Pierre|author-link=Pierre Dupuy (scholar)|orig-date=1654|date=1751|edition=2|lang=fr|title=Histoire de l'ordre militaire des Templiers|location=Bruxelles [Paris]|publisher=Pierre Foppens [Edme Martin]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwcMAAAAYAAJ|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RwcMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2 2]}}
* {{cite book|last=Gaetani|first=Costantino|author-link=Costantino Gaetani|date=1638|lang=la, it|title=Vita di Papa Gelasio II|trans-title=Life of Pope Gelasius II}}
* {{cite book|last=Giustinian|first=Bernardo|date=1692|lang=it|title=Historie cronologiche dell'origine degl'ordini militari e di tutte le religioni cavalleresche|volume=I|location=Venice|publisher=Combi e LàNoù|page=307|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Co_AAAAcAAJ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906032010/https://books.google.it/books?id=8Co_AAAAcAAJ|archive-date=2023-09-06}}
* {{cite book|last=Gradilone|first=Alfredo|date=1967|edition=2|lang=it|title=Storia di Rossano|location=Cosenza|publisher=MIT|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AW4LAQAAIAAJ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705173454/https://books.google.it/books?id=AW4LAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=2015-07-05}}
* {{cite book|last=Guarini|first=Marco Antonio|author-link=Marco Antonio Guarini|date=1621|lang=it|title=Compendio historico di Ferrara|volume=IV|location=Ferrara|publisher=Vittorio Baldini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3OE-AAAAcAAJ|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3OE-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA224 224]}}
* {{cite book|last=Hofmann|first=Johann Jacob|author-link=Johann Jacob Hofmann|date=1698|lang=la, de|title=Lexicon universale|publisher=Jordaan Luchtmans|url=http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann.html|location=Leiden|pages=[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0547b.html 547], [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0942b.html 942], [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0945c.html 945]}}
* {{cite journal|last=Howe|first=John|year=2016|title=The Rule: Military Secret of the Knights Templar|journal=Medieval Warfare|volume=6, No. 5, (Nov/Dec)|page=20-26}}
* {{cite book|last=Mazzella|first=Scipione|orig-date=1588|date=1596|edition=2|lang=it|title=Le vite dei re di Napoli: con le loro effigie dal naturale|location=Naples|publisher=G. Bonfadino [G. Cacchi]}}
* {{cite book|last=Mennens|first=Frans|date=1623|lang=la|title=Militarium ordinum origines|location=Macerata|publisher=Pietro Salvioni|url=https://archive.org/details/militariumordinu00menn|page=[https://archive.org/stream/militariumordinu00menn#page/34 34]}}
* {{cite book|last=Moiraghi|first=Mario|date=2005|lang=it|title=L'italiano che fondò i Templari – Hugo de Paganis: cavaliere di Campania|location=Milan|publisher=Àncora|isbn=978-8851402792}}
** {{cite web|url=http://www.tonyassante.com/renzoallegri/templari/indice.ht|title=Interview with Moiraghi}}
* {{cite book|last=Moiraghi|first=Mario|date=2013|lang=it|title=Hugo de Paganis|volume=I|chapter=Le prove della sua origine|trans-chapter=The proofs of his origin|publisher=Nave senza nocchiere}}
* {{cite book|last=Pantaleon|first=Heinrich|date=1581|lang=la|title=Militaris ordinis Johannitarum, Rhodiorum aut Melitensium equitum historia|location=Basel|publisher=Thomas Guarin|url=http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahist/pantaleon1/te01.html|page=[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahist/pantaleon1/jpg/s035.html 23]}}
* {{cite book|last=Rotundo|first=Domenico|date=1983|lang=it|title=Templari, misteri e cattedrali|location=Rome|publisher=Templari|isbn=9788865010006|page=38|quote=Ho scritto a mio padre in Nocera che mi faccia gratia venire a Rossano per consolare V.S. et a Madama Zia Hippolita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8US-63UgGjoC&pg=PA38|access-date=2023-09-08}}
* {{cite book|last=Sigonio|first=Carlo|author-link=Carlo Sigonio|date=1574|lang=la|title=Historiarum de regno Italiae|volume=XI|location=Venice|publisher=Giordano Ziletti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dv1z9bcyC1IC|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dv1z9bcyC1IC&pg=PA427 427]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702190633/https://books.google.it/books?id=Dv1z9bcyC1IC|archive-date=2015-07-02}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Upton-Ward|editor-first=J.M.|year=1992|title=The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar|publisher=The Boydell Press}}
{{refend}}

=== Further reading ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Barber|first=Samuel|date=2005|lang=it|title=La storia dei templari|location=Casale Monferrato|publisher=Piemme}}
* {{cite book|last=Belsito|first=Francesco|date=2013|lang=it|title=Storia di Nocera – Monumenti, personaggi, leggende|publisher=Editrice Gaia}}
* {{cite book|last=Demurger|first=Alain|date=2005|lang=it|title=Vita e Morte dell'Ordine dei Templari|location=Milano|publisher=Mondadori}}
* {{cite book|last=Di Crollalanza|first=Giovanni Battista|author-link=Giovan Battista di Crollalanza|date=1886|lang=it|title=Dizionario storico-blasonico delle famiglie nobili e notabili italiane estinte e fiorenti|volume=II|location=Bologna|publisher=Arnaldo Forni|url=https://archive.org/details/dizionariostoric02crol|page=[https://archive.org/details/dizionariostoric02crol#page/252 252]}}
* {{Cite journal|title = Guerrieri dello spirito|journal = [[Focus Storia]]|editor = Mondadori|issue = 21|date = July 2008|year=2008}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Montesano|first=Nicola|year=2016|lang=it|title=Polemiche templari nel territorio lucano|url=http://consiglio.basilicata.it/consiglioinforma/detail.jsp?otype=1140&id=3379482&typePub=100244|access-date=2019-12-11|archive-date=2017-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708190108/http://www.consiglio.basilicata.it/consiglioinforma/detail.jsp?otype=1140&id=3379482&typePub=100244#.WHXwDtLhAdU|url-status=dead|journal=Basilicata Regione Notizie|issue=135–136|pages=102–113}}
* {{cite book|last=Rotundo|first=Domenico|date=2005|lang=it|title=Nuceria Paganorum – Le origini di Ugone dei Pagani: fondatore e 1º Gran Maestro dei Cavalieri Templari|location=Pagani|publisher=Nord-Sud}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rotundo|first1=Domenico|last2=Candido|first2=Gian Paolo|date=2012|lang=it|title=Le origini nocerine di Ugone dei Pagani e i suoi misteriosi rapporti con i saraceni|location=Pagani|publisher=Nord-Sud}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/KnightsTemplar1.html The Crusades and the Knights Templar]
* Helen Nicholson, translator, [http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/templars1.htm Contemporary reactions to the foundation of the Templars]
* [http://www.huguesdepayns.fr/ Hugues de Payns Museum Payns, France]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Grand Masters of the Knights Templar|Grand Master of the Knights Templar]]|years={{c.|1119}}–1136}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert de Craon]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Payens, Hugues de}}
[[Category:1070s births]]
[[Category:1136 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:People from Troyes]]
[[Category:Grand masters of the Knights Templar]]
[[Category:Medieval Knights Templar members]]
[[Category:12th-century French nobility]]