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{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
|name=Joseph of Arimathea
|birth_date=
|death_date=c. 1st century
|feast_day={{ubl|3rd Sunday of Pascha, the Feast of the Myrrh-bearing Women: Eastern Orthodox Church|31 July: Eastern Orthodox Church, [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] |1 August: Episcopal (Anglican) Church |31 August: [[General Roman Calendar of 1969|General Roman Calendar]]|Monday after 6th Sunday after [[Feast of the Cross#Armenian Apostolic Church|feast of the Holy Cross]] [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]<ref>''Domar: the calendrical and liturgical cycle of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church 2003'', Armenian Orthodox Theological Research Institute, 2002, p. 531.</ref>}}
|venerated_in={{ubl|[[Anglicanism]]|[[Catholic Church]]|[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]|[[Oriental Orthodox Churches]]|[[Lutheranism]]}}
|image=Brooklyn Museum - Joseph of Arimathaea (Joseph d'Arimathie) - James Tissot.jpg
|imagesize=220px
|caption=''Joseph of Arimathaea'' by [[James Tissot]], between 1886 and 1894
|birth_place=
|death_place=
|titles= Secret Disciple of Jesus, Righteous
|beatified_date=
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=
|canonized_date=[[Pre-Congregation]]
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=
|major_shrine = [[Syriac Orthodox]] Chapel of [[Holy Sepulchre]] 
|attributes=
|patronage=Funeral directors and undertakers<ref name="Craughwell">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicherald.com/stories/A-Patron-Saint-for-Funeral-Directors,1951|author=Thomas Craughwell|title=A Patron Saint for Funeral Directors|year=2005|publisher=Catholicherald.com|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-date=31 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331181056/http://catholicherald.com/stories/A-Patron-Saint-for-Funeral-Directors,1951|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
}}

'''Joseph of Arimathea''' ({{langx|grc|Ἰωσὴφ ὁ ἀπὸ Ἀριμαθαίας}}) is a Biblical figure who assumed responsibility for the [[burial of Jesus]] after [[Crucifixion of Jesus|his crucifixion]]. Three of the four [[Biblical Canon|canonical Gospels]] identify him as a member of the [[Sanhedrin]], while the [[Gospel of Matthew]] identifies him as a rich disciple of [[Jesus]]. The historical location of [[Arimathea]] is uncertain, although it has been identified with several towns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Joseph_of_Arimathea/ |title=Joseph of Arimathea - World History Encyclopedia |last=Denova |first=Rebecca |publisher=World Publishing |date=February 28, 2022 |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=November 16, 2024}}</ref> A number of stories about him developed during the [[Middle Ages]].

==Gospel narratives==
[[Matthew 27]] describes him{{efn|{{bibleref2|Matthew|27:57}} }} simply as a rich man and disciple of [[Jesus]], but according to [[Mark 15]], Joseph of Arimathea was "a respected member of the [[Sanhedrin|council]], who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God".{{efn|{{bibleref2|Mark|15:43}} }} [[Luke 23]] adds that he "had not consented to their decision and action".{{efn|{{Bibleref2|Luke|23:50–56}} }}

According to [[John 19]], upon hearing of [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Jesus' death]], this secret [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]] of Jesus "asked [[Pontius Pilate|Pilate]] that he might take away the body of Jesus, and Pilate gave him permission."{{efn|{{bibleref2|John|19:38}} }} Joseph immediately purchased a linen shroud{{efn|{{bibleref2|Mark|15:46}} }} and proceeded to [[Calvary|Golgotha]] to take [[Descent from the Cross|the body of Jesus down from the cross]]. There, Joseph and [[Nicodemus]] took the body and bound it in linen cloths with the spices ([[myrrh]] and [[aloes]]) that Nicodemus had brought.{{efn|{{bibleref2|John|19:39–40}} }} [[Luke 23]]:55-56 states that the women "who had come with him from Galilee" prepared the spices and ointments.

The disciples then conveyed the prepared corpse to a man-made cave hewn from rock in a garden nearby. The Gospel of Matthew alone suggests that this was Joseph's own [[tomb of Jesus|tomb]].{{efn|{{bibleref2|Matthew|27:60}} }} The burial was undertaken speedily, "for the Sabbath was drawing on".

==Veneration==
[[File:Joseph of Arimathea (Pietro Perugino, Lamentation over the Dead Christ).jpg|thumb|left|''Joseph of Arimathea'' by [[Pietro Perugino]], detail from ''[[Lamentation over the Dead Christ (Pietro Perugino)|''Lamentation over the Dead Christ]].'']]

Joseph of Arimathea is venerated as a [[saint]] by the [[Catholic]], [[Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]es, and in some [[Protestant]] traditions. The traditional Roman calendar marked his feast day on 17 March, but he is now listed, along with Saint Nicodemus, on 31 August in the {{lang|la|[[Martyrologium Romanum]]}}. Eastern Orthodox churches commemorate him on the ''Third Sunday of [[Easter|Pascha]]'' (i.e., the second Sunday after Easter) and on 31 July, a date shared by [[Lutheranism|Lutheran churches]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kinnaman|first=Scott A.|title=Lutheranism 101|year=2010|publisher=[[Concordia Publishing House]]|location=St. Louis, Missouri|isbn=978-0-7586-2505-2|pages=278}}</ref> He is included in the [[Myrrhbearers]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goarch.org/special/listen_learn_share/sunday_of_myrrhbearers|title = Learn about the Orthodox Christian Faith - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America}}</ref>

Although a series of legends developed during the [[Middle Ages]] (perhaps elaborations of early [[New Testament apocrypha]]) tied this Joseph to [[Great Britain|Britain]] as well as the [[Holy Grail]], he is not currently on the abbreviated liturgical calendar of the [[Church of England]], although he is on the calendars of some churches of the [[Anglican Communion]], such as the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]], which commemorates him on 1 August.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Church |first=The Episcopal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb5UzwEACAAJ |title=Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2022 |date=2023-01-24 |publisher=Church Publishing, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-64065-627-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==Old Testament prophecy==
[[File:5267-20080122-jerusalem-tomb-of-jesus.jpg|thumb|Purported [[tomb of Jesus]] (provided by Joseph) in the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]]]

Many Christians<ref>E.g. [[Ben Witherington III]], ''John's Wisdom: A Commentary on the Fourth Gospel'', 1995, and [[Andreas J. Köstenberger]] in ''[[Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament]]'', 2007, on John 19:38–42.</ref> interpret Joseph's role as fulfilling [[Isaiah]]'s prediction that the grave of the "Suffering Servant" would be with a rich man ([[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 53:9), assuming that Isaiah was referring to the [[Messiah]]. The prophecy in [[Isaiah 53|Isaiah chapter 53]] is known as the "[[Man of Sorrows]]" passage:

{{blockquote|1=He was assigned a grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death, though he had done no violence, nor was any deceit in his mouth.}}

The Greek [[Septuagint]] text:

{{blockquote|1=And I will give the wicked for his burial, and the rich for his death; for he practiced no iniquity, nor craft with his mouth.}}

==Development of legends==
Since the 2nd century, a mass of legendary detail has accumulated around the figure of Joseph of Arimathea in addition to the New Testament references. Joseph is referenced in apocryphal and non-canonical accounts such as the Acts of Pilate and the medieval [[Gospel of Nicodemus]].  Joseph is mentioned in the works of early church historians such as [[Irenaeus]], [[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]], [[Tertullian]], and [[Eusebius]], who added details not found in the canonical accounts. [[Francis Gigot]], writing in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', states that "the additional details which are found concerning him in the apocryphal ''Acta Pilati'' ("Acts of Pilate"), are unworthy of credence."<ref name=Gigot>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08520a.htm|title=Joseph of Arimathea|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=8|location=New York |publisher=Robert Appleton Company |year=1910 |access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref>  [[The Narrative of Joseph of Arimathea]], a medieval work, is even purportedly written by him directly, although it adds more details on the robbers at Jesus's crucifixion than Joseph himself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ehrman |first1=Bart |author-link=Bart Ehrman |last2=Pleše |first2=Zlatko |title=The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-973210-4 |page=305&ndash;312 }}</ref> He also appears in the ancient [[New Testament Apocrypha|non-canonical]] text the [[Gospel of Peter]].<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Walter Richard Cassels|Walter Richard]]|title=The Gospel According to Peter: A Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQtKAAAAMAAJ|publisher=[[Longman|Longmans, Green]]|date=1894|page=8|accessdate=2022-04-03}}</ref>

[[Hilary of Poitiers]] (4th century) enriched the legend, and [[John Chrysostom]], the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] from 397 to 403, was the first to write that Joseph was one of the [[Seventy disciples|Seventy Apostles]] appointed in Luke 10.<ref>John Chrysostom, ''Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of John''.</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2022}}<!-- You can't use a primary source to claim he was the first. -->

During the late 12th century, Joseph became connected with [[Matter of Britain|Arthurian legend]], appearing in them as the first keeper of the Holy Grail. This idea first appears in [[Robert de Boron]]'s {{ill|Joseph d'Arimathie (poem)|fr|Joseph d'Arimathie (roman)|lt=''Joseph d'Arimathie''}}, in which Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus and sends it with his followers to Britain. This theme is elaborated upon in Boron's sequels and in subsequent Arthurian works penned by others. Later retellings of the story contend that Joseph of Arimathea travelled to Britain and became the first Christian bishop in the Isles, a claim Gigot characterizes as a fable.<ref name=Gigot/><ref>Finally, the story of the translation of the body of Joseph of Arimathea from Jerusalem to Moyenmonstre (Diocese of Toul) originated late and is unreliable."</ref>

===Gospel of Nicodemus===
The Gospel of Nicodemus, a text appended to the Acts of Pilate, provides additional details about Joseph. For instance, after Joseph asked Pilate for the body of the Christ and prepared the body with Nicodemus' help, Christ's body was delivered to a new tomb that Joseph had built for himself. In the Gospel of Nicodemus, the Jewish elders express anger at Joseph for burying the body of Christ, saying:

{{blockquote|1=And likewise Joseph also stepped out and said to them: Why are you angry against me because I begged the body of Jesus? Behold, I have put him in my new tomb, wrapping in clean linen; and I have rolled a stone to the door of the tomb.  And you have acted not well against the just man, because you have not repented of crucifying him, but also have pierced him with a spear.|sign=''Gospel of Nicodemus''. Translated by Alexander Walker.}}
The Jewish elders then captured Joseph, imprisoned him, and placed a seal on the door to his cell after first posting a guard. Joseph warned the elders, "The Son of God whom you hanged upon the cross, is able to deliver me out of your hands.  All your wickedness will return upon you."

Once the elders returned to the cell, the seal was still in place, but Joseph was gone.  The elders later discover that Joseph had returned to Arimathea.  Having a change in heart, the elders desired to have a more civil conversation with Joseph about his actions and sent a letter of apology to him by means of seven of his friends.  Joseph travelled back from Arimathea to Jerusalem to meet with the elders, where they questioned him about his escape.  He told them this story:
{{blockquote|1=On the day of the Preparation, about the tenth hour, you shut me in, and I remained there the whole Sabbath in full. And when midnight came, as I was standing and praying, the house where you shut me in was hung up by the four corners, and there was a flashing of light in mine eyes. And I fell to the ground trembling. Then some one lifted me up from the place where I had fallen, and poured over me an abundance of water from the head even to the feet, and put round my nostrils the odour of a  wonderful ointment, and rubbed my face with the water itself, as if washing me, and kissed me, and said to me, Joseph, fear not; but open thine eyes, and see who it is that speaks to thee. And looking, I saw Jesus; and being terrified, I thought it was a phantom. And with prayer and the commandments I spoke to him, and he spoke with me. And I said to him: Art thou Rabbi Elias? And he said to me: I am not Elias. And I said: Who art thou, my Lord? And he said to me: I am Jesus, whose body thou didst beg from Pilate, and wrap in clean linen; and thou didst lay a napkin on my face, and didst lay me in thy new tomb, and roll a stone to the door of the tomb. Then I said to him that was speaking to me: Show me, Lord, where I laid thee. And he led me, and showed me the place where I laid him, and the linen which I had put on him, and the napkin which I had wrapped upon his face; and I knew that it was Jesus. And he took hold of me with his hand, and put me in the midst of my house though the gates were shut, and put me in my bed, and said to me: Peace to thee! And he kissed me, and said to me: For forty days go not out of thy house; for, lo, I go to my brethren into Galilee.|sign=''Gospel of Nicodemus''. Translated by Alexander Walker}}

According to the Gospel of Nicodemus, Joseph testified to the Jewish elders, and specifically to chief priests [[Caiaphas]] and [[Annas]] that Jesus had risen from the dead and ascended to heaven, and he indicated that others were raised from the dead at the resurrection of Christ (repeating [[Matthew 27:52|Matt 27:52]]–[[Matthew 27:53|53]]). He specifically identified the two sons of the high-priest Simeon (again in Luke 2:25–35). The elders Annas, Caiaphas, Nicodemus, and Joseph himself, along with [[Gamaliel]] under whom [[Paul of Tarsus]] studied, travelled to Arimathea to interview Simeon's sons Charinus and Lenthius.

==Other medieval texts==
Medieval interest in Joseph centered on two themes, that of Joseph as the founder of [[Celtic Christianity|British Christianity]] (even before it had taken hold in Rome), and that of Joseph as the original guardian of the Holy Grail.

===Britain===
{{See also|Early centers of Christianity#Roman Britain}}
[[File:2nd state - c1809.jpg|thumb|180px|[[William Blake]]'s Illustration ''Joseph of Arimathea Among the Rocks of Albion'' in its second state after Blake's 1773 original, engraved circa 1809]]
Many legends about the arrival of Christianity in Britain abounded during the Middle Ages. Early writers do not connect Joseph to this activity, however. [[Tertullian]] wrote in ''Adversus Judaeos'' that Britain had already received and accepted the Gospel in his lifetime, writing, "all the limits of the Spains, and the diverse nations of the Gauls, and the haunts of the Britons—inaccessible to the Romans, but subjugated to Christ."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tertullian.org/anf/anf03/anf03-19.htm#P2021_691723|title=Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. III : An Answer to the Jews.|website=www.tertullian.org}}</ref>

Tertullian does not say how the Gospel came to Britain before AD 222. However, [[Eusebius|Eusebius of Caesaria]], one of the earliest and most comprehensive of church historians, wrote of Christ's disciples in ''Demonstratio Evangelica,'' saying that "some have crossed the Ocean and reached the Isles of Britain."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm|title=Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 3|website=www.tertullian.org}}</ref> [[Hilary of Poitiers]] also wrote that the Apostles had built churches and that the Gospel had passed into Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf209.toc.html|title=NPNF2-09. Hilary of Poitiers, John of Damascus - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref> The writings of Pseudo-Hippolytus include a list of the seventy disciples whom Jesus sent forth in Luke 10, one of which is [[Aristobulus of Britannia|Aristobulus]] of Romans 16:10, called "bishop of Britain".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0524.htm|title=CHURCH FATHERS: On the Apostles and Disciples (Pseudo-Hippolytus)|work=newadvent.org}}</ref>

In none of these earliest references to Christianity's arrival in Britain is Joseph of Arimathea mentioned. [[William of Malmesbury]]'s {{lang|la|De Antiquitate Glastoniensis Ecclesiae}} ('On the Antiquity of the [[Glastonbury Abbey|Church of Glastonbury]]', circa 1125) has not survived in its original edition, and the stories involving Joseph of Arimathea are contained in subsequent editions that abound in interpolations placed by the Glastonbury monks "in order to increase the Abbey's prestige&nbsp;– and thus its pilgrim trade and prosperity" <ref>[[Antonia Gransden]], ''Historical Writing in England II, c. 1307 to the Present'', page 399. Routledge, 1996; Reprinted 2000. {{ISBN|0-415-15125-2}}. Antonia Grandsen also cited [[William Wells Newell]], "William of Malmesbury on the Antiquity of Glastonbury" in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', xviii (1903), pages 459–512; A. Gransden, "The Growth of the Glastonbury Traditions and Legends in the Twelfth Century" in ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'', xxvii (1976), page 342</ref> In his {{lang|la|Gesta Regum Anglorum}} (''History of The Kings of England'', finished in 1125), William of Malmesbury wrote that Glastonbury Abbey was built by preachers sent by [[Pope Eleuterus]] to Britain, however also adding: "Moreover there are documents of no small credit, which have been discovered in certain places to the following effect: 'No other hands than those of the disciples of Christ erected the church of Glastonbury'", but here William did not explicitly link Glastonbury with Joseph of Arimathea, but instead emphasizes the possible role of [[Philip the Apostle]]: "if Philip, the Apostle, preached to the Gauls, as Freculphus relates in the fourth chapter of his second book, it may be believed that he also planted the word on this side of the channel also.".<ref>William of Malmesbury, ''William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England: From the Earliest Period To The Reign of King Stephen'', page 22 (notes and illustrations by J. A. Giles, London: Bell & Daldy, 1866)</ref> The first appearance of Joseph in the Glastonbury records can be pinpointed with surprising accuracy to 1247, when the story of his voyage was added as a margin-note to Malmesbury's chronicle.<ref>Stout, Adam (2020) ''Glastonbury Holy Thorn: Story of a Legend'' Green & Pleasant Publishing, p. 14   {{ISBN| 978-1-9162686-1-6}}</ref>
[[File:Pieter Coeck van Aelst - Joseph of Arimathaea (left wing).jpg|thumb|160px|''Joseph of Arimathaea'' by [[Pieter Coecke van Aelst]], ca. 1535]]

In 1989, folklore scholar A. W. Smith critically examined the accretion of legends around Joseph of Arimathea. Often associated with [[William Blake]]'s poem "[[And did those feet in ancient time]]" and its musical setting, widely known as the hymn "Jerusalem", the legend is commonly held as "an almost secret yet passionately held article of faith among certain otherwise quite orthodox Christians" and Smith concluded "that there was little reason to believe that an oral tradition concerning a visit made by Jesus to Britain existed before the early part of the twentieth century".<ref>Smith, "'And Did Those Feet...?': The 'Legend' of Christ's Visit to Britain" ''Folklore'' '''100'''.1 (1989), pp. 63–83.</ref> [[Sabine Baring-Gould]] recounted a Cornish story how "Joseph of Arimathea came in a boat to [[Cornwall]], and brought the child Jesus with him, and the latter taught him how to extract the tin and purge it of its [[Wolframite|wolfram]]. This story possibly grew out of the fact that the Jews under the Angevin kings farmed the tin of Cornwall."<ref>S. Baring-Gould, ''A Book of The West: Being An Introduction To Devon and Cornwall'' (2 Volumes, [[Methuen Publishing]], 1899); ''A Book of Cornwall'', Second Edition 1902, New Edition, 1906, page 57.</ref> In its most developed version, Joseph, a tin merchant, visited Cornwall, accompanied by his nephew, the boy Jesus. Reverend C.C. Dobson (1879–1960) made a case for the authenticity of the Glastonbury ''legenda''.<ref>Dobson, ''Did Our Lord Visit Britain as they say in Cornwall and Somerset?'' (Glastonbury: Avalon Press) 1936.</ref> The case was argued more recently by the Church of Scotland minister [[Gordon Strachan (minister)|Gordon Strachan]] (1934–2010) <ref>{{Cite book
 |isbn      = 9780863152757
 |year      = 1998
 |publisher = Floris Books
 |last      = Strachan
 |first     = Gordon
 |title     = Jesus, the Master Builder: Druid Mysteries and the Dawn of Christianity
 |place     = Edinburgh
}}</ref> and by the former archaeologist Dennis Price.<ref>Dennis Price, ''The Missing Years of Jesus: The Greatest Story Never Told'' (Hay House Publishing, 2009). {{ISBN|9781848500334}}</ref>

===Holy Grail===
The legend that Joseph was given the responsibility of keeping the Holy Grail was the product of [[Robert de Boron]], who essentially expanded upon stories from ''Acts of Pilate''. In Boron's {{ill|Joseph d'Arimathie (poem)|fr|Joseph d'Arimathie (roman)|lt=''Joseph d'Arimathie''}}, Joseph is imprisoned much as in the ''Acts of Pilate'', but it is the Grail that sustains him during his captivity. Upon his release he founds his company of followers, who take the Grail to the "Vale of Avaron" (identified with [[Avalon]]), though Joseph does not go. The origin of the association between Joseph and Britain, where Avalon is presumed to be located, is not entirely clear, though in subsequent romances such as ''[[Perlesvaus]]'', Joseph travels to Britain, bringing relics with him. In the [[Lancelot-Grail]] cycle, a vast Arthurian composition that took much from Robert, it is not Joseph but his son [[Josephus of Arimathea|Josephus]] who is considered the primary holy man of Britain.

Later authors sometimes mistakenly or deliberately treated the Grail story as truth. Such stories were inspired by the account of [[John of Glastonbury]], who assembled a chronicle of the history of Glastonbury Abbey around 1350 and who wrote that Joseph, when he came to Britain, brought with him vessels containing the blood and sweat of Christ (without using the word Grail).<ref>Edward Donald Kennedy, "Visions of History: Robert de Boron and English Arthurian Chronicles" in, [[Norris J. Lacy]], editor, ''The Fortunes of King Arthur'', page 39 (D. S. Brewer, Cambridge, 2005). {{ISBN|1-84384-061-8}}</ref> This account inspired the future claims of the Grail, including the claim involving the [[Nanteos Cup]] on display in the museum in [[Aberystwyth]]. There is no reference to this tradition in ancient or medieval text. John of Glastonbury further claims that King Arthur was descended from Joseph, listing the following imaginative pedigree through King Arthur's mother:
{{blockquote|1=Helaius, Nepos Joseph, Genuit Josus, Josue Genuit Aminadab, Aminadab Genuit Filium, qui Genuit Ygernam, de qua Rex Pen-Dragon, Genuit Nobilem et Famosum Regum Arthurum, per Quod Patet, Quod Rex Arthurus de Stirpe Joseph descendit.}}

Joseph's alleged early arrival in Britain was used for political point-scoring by English theologians and diplomats during the late Middle Ages, and [[Richard Beere]], Abbot of Glastonbury from 1493 to 1524, put the cult of Joseph at the heart of the abbey's legendary traditions. He was probably responsible for the drastic remodelling of the Lady Chapel at [[Glastonbury Abbey]]. A series of miraculous cures took place in 1502 which were attributed to the saint, and in 1520 the printer [[Richard Pynson]] published a ''Lyfe of Joseph of Armathia'', in which  the [[Glastonbury Thorn]] is mentioned for the first time.<ref>Stout, Adam (2020) ''Glastonbury Holy Thorn: Story of a Legend'' Green & Pleasant Publishing, pp. 13-16  {{ISBN| 978-1-9162686-1-6}}</ref>   Joseph's importance increased exponentially with the [[English Reformation]], since his alleged early arrival far predated the Catholic conversion of AD 597. In the new post-Catholic world, Joseph stood for Christianity pure and Protestant. In 1546, [[John Bale]], a prominent Protestant writer, claimed that the early date of Joseph's mission meant that original British Christianity was purer than that of Rome, an idea which was understandably popular with English Protestants, notably Queen 
[[Elizabeth I]] herself, who cited Joseph's missionary work in England when she told Roman Catholic bishops that the Church of England pre-dated the Roman Church in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html|title=Elizabeth's 1559 reply to the Catholic bishops|work=fordham.edu|access-date=11 May 2006|archive-date=4 May 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504123437/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Stout, Adam (2020) ''Glastonbury Holy Thorn: Story of a Legend'' Green & Pleasant Publishing, pp. 23-24  {{ISBN| 978-1-9162686-1-6}}</ref>

===Other legends===
According to one of England's best-known legends, when Joseph and his followers arrived, weary, on Wearyall Hill outside Glastonbury, he set his walking staff on the ground and it miraculously took root and blossomed as the "[[Glastonbury Thorn]]". The [[mytheme]] of the staff that Joseph of Arimathea set in the ground at Glastonbury, which broke into leaf and flower as the [[Glastonbury Thorn]] is a common miracle in [[hagiography]]. Such a miracle is told of the Anglo-Saxon saint [[Æthelthryth|Etheldreda]]:{{blockquote|1=Continuing her flight to Ely, Etheldreda halted for some days at Alfham, near Wintringham, where she founded a church; and near this place occurred the "miracle of her staff". Wearied with her journey, she one day slept by the wayside, having fixed her staff in the ground at her head. On waking she found the dry staff had burst into leaf; it became an ash tree, the "greatest tree in all that country;" and the place of her rest, where a church was afterwards built, became known as "Etheldredestow".|sign=Richard John King, 1862, in: ''Handbook of the Cathedrals of England; Eastern division: Oxford, Peterborough, Norwich, Ely, Lincoln''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the See of Ely • King's Handbook to the Cathedrals of England|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Great_Britain/England/_Topics/churches/_Texts/KINCAT*/Ely/2.html|access-date=2023-01-27|website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref>}}

Medieval interest in genealogy raised claims that Joseph was a relative of Jesus; specifically, [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]]'s uncle, or according to some genealogies, Joseph's uncle. A genealogy for the family of Joseph of Arimathea and the history of his further adventures in the east provide material for the ''Estoire del Saint Graal'' and the ''Queste del Saint Graal'' of the Lancelot-Grail cycle and ''Perlesvaus''.<ref>C. Scott Littleton, Linda A. Malcor, ''From Scythia to Camelot: a radical reassessment of the legends of King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table and the Holy Grail'' (1994) 2000:310.</ref>

Another legend, as recorded in ''[[Flores Historiarum]]'', is that Joseph is in fact the [[Wandering Jew]], a man cursed by Jesus to walk the Earth until the [[Second Coming]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Reliques of Ancient English Poetry | isbn = 1-4021-7380-6 | page = 246 | last = Percy | first = Thomas | publisher = Adamant Media Corporation | year = 2001 | orig-year = 1847 | volume = 2 }}</ref>

==Arimathea==
{{Main|Arimathea}}
[[Arimathea]] is not otherwise documented, though it was "a town of Judea" according to Luke 23:51. Arimathea is usually identified with either [[Ramla|Ramleh]] or [[Ramathaim-Zophim]], where [[David]] came to [[Samuel]] in the first ''[[Book of Samuel]]'', chapter 19.{{efn|{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|19}} }}<ref>Encyclopedia of Islam, article "al-Ramla".</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
* [[Christian mythology]]
* [[Myrrhbearers]]
* [[Seven Sorrows of Mary]]

==Notes==
===Biblical verses cited===
{{notelist|25em}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/history-of-that-holy-disciple-joseph-of-arimathea ''The History of that Holy Disciple Joseph of Arimathea''] by Anonymous (1770)
*[http://www.ao.net/~fmoeller/qa-tran.htm#c44 Qumran text of Isaiah 53]

{{New Testament people}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph Of Arimathea}}
[[Category:Joseph of Arimathea| ]]
[[Category:1st-century deaths]]
[[Category:Arthurian characters]]
[[Category:British traditional history]]
[[Category:Christian folklore]]
[[Category:Pharisees]]
[[Category:Christian saints from the New Testament]]
[[Category:Followers of Jesus]]
[[Category:Holy Grail]]
[[Category:Romano-British saints]]
[[Category:Saints from the Holy Land]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Caiaphas]]
[[Category:Myrrhbearers]]
[[Category:Descent from the Cross]]