View source for List of emperors of Japan

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[[Japan]] has been ruled by [[Emperor of Japan|emperor]]s since [[Ancient Japan|antiquity]]. The sequence, order and dates of the early emperors are almost entirely based on the 8th-century ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', which was meant to retroactively legitimise the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial House]] by dating its foundation further back to the year 660 [[Anno Domini|BC]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smits|first=Gregory J.|date=1991|title=Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712)|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press|pages=30–32|isbn=9780889209978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1OZUmnLTdoC&pg=PA30}}</ref><ref name=Vogel>{{cite book|last=Vogel|first=Ezra F.|date=2019|title=China and Japan: Facing History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuedDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|pages=15–17|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674240766}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Japan: Revised Edition|last=Mason|first=Richard|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|year=2011|chapter=Chapter Two|isbn=9781462900978 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1PRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24}}</ref> [[Emperor Kinmei]] ({{reign|539|571}}) is often considered the first historical emperor,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henshall |first=Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 |title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 |date=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7872-3 |pages=100 |language=}}</ref><ref name="Timothy">{{cite book |last=Hoye |first=Timothy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22date%20from%20the%20early%20sixth%20century%20with%20Kinmei.%22 |title=Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds |date=1999 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=9780132712897 |page=78 |quote=According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei}}</ref> but the first Japanese ruler supported by historical evidence is actually [[Emperor Yūryaku]] ({{reign|456|479}}), who is mentioned in the 5th-century [[Inariyama Sword|Inariyama]] and [[Eta Funayama Sword|Eta Funayama]] Swords.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Conlan |first=Thomas Donald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gN1dEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |title=Samurai and the Warrior Culture of Japan, 471–1877: A Sourcebook |date=2022 |publisher=Hackett Publishing |isbn=978-1-64792-057-9 |pages=1-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentley |first=John R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uaoLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT85 |title=The Birth of Japanese Historiography |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-29569-6 |language=en}}</ref> According to Chinese sources, the unification of Japan took place between the 2nd and 3rd centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last=Henshall |first=Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vD76fF5hqf8C |title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-230-34662-8 |pages=14&ndash;16}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Hendry |first=Joy |url=https://archive.org/details/understandingjap00hend |title=Understanding Japanese Society |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-27918-8 |page=9 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

The terms ''[[Tennō]]'' ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as ''[[Nihon]]'' ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century AD.<ref name="Holcombe">{{cite book| first =Charles | last = Holcombe|title= The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. – A.D. 907|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XT5pvPZ4vroC&pg=PA198 |date= January 2001 |publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-2465-5|page=198}}</ref><ref name=Vogel/> In the ''[[Japanese era name|nengō]]'' system which has been in use since the late 7th century, years are numbered using the [[Japanese era name]] and the number of years which have elapsed since the start of that ''nengō'' era.{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/704/mode/2up?view=theater "Nengō"], p. 704}}

==Emperors of Japan==

===Ancient Japan===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}{{Efn-lr|Early dates vary depending on the author. These are calculated from the reign-lengths given by the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (''[[Kojiki]]'' when lacking information). Jimmu is said to have died in the 76th year of his reign, i.e. he ruled 75 years. He was 127 years old according to [[East Asian age reckoning]], i.e. 126 in Western reckoning.{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=1–3|2a1=Aston|2loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC 1], pp.109–137|3a1=Brown|3p=249|4a1=Varley|4pp=84–88|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/420/mode/2up 420]}} Regnal years are counted using [[inclusive counting|inclusive reckoning]] until [[Empress Jitō]], the last reign covered by the ''Nihon Shoki''.}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|0010|1}}
| [[File:Tennō Jimmu detai 02.jpg|100px]]
| Hikohohodemi<br />{{lang|ja|彦火火出見}} 
| '''[[Emperor Jimmu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|神武天皇}}
| 660–585 BC<br />{{small|(75 years)}}
| 721 or 711–585 BC<br />{{small|(126 or 136 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of ''[[kami]]'' [[Ugayafukiaezu]]. Claimed [[Son of Heaven|descent]] from the [[solar deity|sun goddess]], [[Amaterasu]]. Defeated Nagasunehiko in the [[Jimmu's Eastern Expedition|Eastern Expedition]] to become emperor. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=1–3|2a1=Aston|2loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC 1], pp.109–137|3a1=Brown|3p=249|4a1=Varley|4pp=84–88|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/420 420]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0020|2}}
| [[File:Suizei thumb 1.jpg|100px]]
| Kamununakawamimi<br />{{lang|ja|神渟名川耳}}
| '''[[Emperor Suizei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|綏靖天皇}}
| 581–549 BC<br />{{small|(32 years)}}
| 632–549 BC<br />{{small|(83 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Jimmu. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=3–4|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.138–141|3a1=Brown|3pp=250–251|4a1=Varley|4pp=88–89}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0030|3}}
| [[File:Tennō Annei thumb.jpg|100px]]
| Shikitsuhikotamatemi<br />{{lang|ja|磯城津彦玉手看}}
| '''[[Emperor Annei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|安寧天皇}}
| 549–511 BC<br />{{small|(37 years)}}
| 567–511 BC<br />{{small|(56 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Suizei. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=4|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.141–142|3a1=Brown|3p=251|4a1=Varley|4p=89|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/32 32]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0040|4}}
| [[File:Tennō Itoku thumb.jpg|100px]]
| Ōyamatohikosukitomo<br />{{lang|ja|大日本彦耜友}}
| '''[[Emperor Itoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|懿徳天皇}}
| 510–477 BC<br />{{small|(33 years)}}
| 553–477 BC<br />{{small|(76 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Annei. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=4|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.142–143|3a1=Brown|3p=251|4a1=Varley|4p=89|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/404 405]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0050|5}}
| [[File:Tennō Kōshō thumb.jpg|100px]]
| Mimatsuhikokaeshine<br />{{lang|ja|観松彦香殖稲}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōshō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝昭天皇}}
| 475–393 BC<br />{{small|(82 years)}}
| 506–393 BC<br />{{small|(113 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Itoku. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=4–5|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.144–145|3a1=Brown|3p=251|4a1=Varley|4p=90|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/564 564]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0060|6}}
| [[File:Tennō Kōan thumb.jpg|100px]]
| Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito<br />{{lang|ja|日本足彦国押人}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōan]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝安天皇}}
| 392–291 BC<br />{{small|(101 years)}}
| 427–291 BC<br />{{small|(136 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōshō. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=5|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.145–146|3a1=Brown|3p=251|4a1=Varley|4p=90|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/536 536]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0070|7}}
| [[File:Tennō Kōrei thumb.jpg|100px]]
| Ōyamatonekohikofutoni<br />{{lang|ja|大日本根子彦太瓊}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōrei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝霊天皇}}
| 290–215 BC<br />{{small|(75 years)}}
| 342–215 BC<br />{{small|(127 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōan. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=5–6|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.146–147|3a1=Brown|3p=252|4a1=Varley|4pp=90–92|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/560 561]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0080|8}}
| [[File:Tennō Kōgen thumb.gif|100px]]
| Ōyamatonekohikokunikuru<br />{{lang|ja|大日本根子彦国牽}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōgen]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝元天皇}}
| 214–158 BC<br />{{small|(56 years)}}
| 273–158 BC<br />{{small|(115 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōrei. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=6|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.147–148|3a1=Brown|3p=252|4a1=Varley|4pp=92–93|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/542 542]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0090|9}}
| [[File:Tennō Kaika thumb.jpg|100px]]
| Wakayamato Nekohiko Ōbibi<br />{{lang|ja|稚日本根子彦大日日}}
| '''[[Emperor Kaika]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|開化天皇}}
| 157–98 BC<br />{{small|(59 years)}}
| 208–98 BC<br />{{small|(110 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōgen. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=6–7|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.148–149|3a1=Brown|3p=252|4a1=Varley|4p=93|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/450 451]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0100|10}}
| [[File:Emperor Sujin.jpg|100px]]
| Mimaki<br />{{lang|ja|御間城}}
| '''[[Emperor Sujin]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|崇神天皇}}
| 97–30 BC<br />{{small|(67 years)}}
| 148–30 BC<br />{{small|(118 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kaika. First emperor with a direct possibility of existence.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Henshall|first=Kenneth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165|title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945|date=2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7872-3}}</ref> Still presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=7–9|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.150–164|3a1=Brown|3p=252|4a1=Varley|4pp=93–95|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/910 910]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0110|11}}
| [[File:Emperor Suinin.jpg|100px]]
| Ikume<br />{{lang|ja|活目}}
| '''[[Emperor Suinin]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|垂仁天皇}}
| 29 BC–AD 70<br />{{small|(99 years)}}
| 69 BC–AD 70<br />{{small|(139 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Sujin. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=9–10|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.165–187|3a1=Brown|3pp=252–254|4a1=Varley|4pp=95–96|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=910}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0120|12}}
| [[File:Emperor Keikō.jpg|100px]]
| Ōtarashihiko <br />{{lang|ja|大足彦}}
| '''[[Emperor Keikō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|景行天皇}}
| 71–130<br />{{small|(59 years)}}
| 13 BC–AD 130<br />{{small|(143 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Suinin. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=11–14|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.188–214|3a1=Brown|3p=254|4a1=Varley|4pp=96–99|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/504 505]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0130|13}}
| [[File:Emperor Seimu.jpg|100px]]
| Wakatarashihiko <br />{{lang|ja|稚足彦}}
| '''[[Emperor Seimu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|成務天皇}}
| 131–190<br />{{small|(59 years)}}
| 84–190<br />{{small|(106 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Keikō. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=14–15|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.214–216|3a1=Brown|3p=254|4a1=Varley|4pp=99–100|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/836 836]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0140|14}}
| [[File:Tennō Chūaii thumb.gif|100px]]
| Tarashinakatsuhiko<br />{{lang|ja|足仲彦}}
| '''[[Emperor Chūai]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|仲哀天皇}}
| 192–200<br />{{small|(8 years)}}
| 149–200<br />{{small|(51 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Keikō; nephew of Seimu. First emperor to ascend the throne without being the son of the previous emperor. Died during a campaign against the Kumaso tribe. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=15|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.217–223|3a1=Brown|3pp=254–255|4a1=Varley|4pp=100–101|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/124 125]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0145|–}}
| [[File:Kaiserin Jingū.jpg|100px]]
| ''Okinagatarashi<br />{{lang|ja|息長帯比売}}''
| '''''[[Empress Jingū]]'''''<br />{{lang|ja|神功皇后}}
| ''201–269<br />{{small|(68 years)}}''
| ''170–269<br />{{small|(99 years)}}''
{{hr}}''Wife of Emperor Chūai; mother and regent of Emperor Ōjin. Not counted among the officially numbered emperors. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=16–19|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.224–253|3a1=Brown|3p=255|4a1=Varley|4pp=101–103}}'''''
|-
| {{sort|0150|15}}
| [[File:Emperor Ōjin.jpg|100px]]
| Homutawake<br />{{lang|ja|誉田別}}
| '''[[Emperor Ōjin]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|応神天皇}}
| 270–310<br />{{small|(40 years)}}
| 201–310<br />{{small|(109 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Chūai and Empress Jingū. Deified in [[Shinto]] and [[Buddhism in Japan]] as [[Hachiman]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=19–22|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.254–271|3a1=Brown|3p=255–256|4a1=Varley|4pp=103–110]}}''' Likely a historical ruler that lived much later.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henshall |first=Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 |title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 |date=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7872-3 |pages=100 |language=}}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|0160|16}}
| [[File:Tennō Nintoku.gif|100px]]
| Ohosazaki<br />{{lang|ja|大鷦鷯}}
| '''[[Emperor Nintoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|仁徳天皇}}
| 313–399<br />{{small|(86 years)}}
| 290–399<br />{{small|(108–109 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ōjin. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=22–24|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.272–300|3a1=Brown|3p=256–257|4a1=Varley|4pp=110–111|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/716 716]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0170|17}}
| [[File:Emperor Richū.jpg|100px]]
| Ōenoizahowake<br />{{lang|ja|大兄去来穂別}}
| '''[[Emperor Richū]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|履中天皇}}
| 400–405<br />{{small|(5 years)}}
| 336–405<br />{{small|(69 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Nintoku. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=24–25|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.301–310|3a1=Brown|3p=257|4a1=Varley|4p=111}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0180|18}}
| [[File:HanzeiTennō.jpg|100px]]
| Mizuhawake<br />{{lang|ja|瑞歯別}}
| '''[[Emperor Hanzei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|反正天皇}}
| 406–411<br />{{small|(5 years)}}<!-- Official page of the Imperial house gives his death as 410, but the Nihon Shoki implies 411. The fact that the next emperor accession is given as 412 (two years later) could mean that 411 is just an error for 410 -->
| 352–411<br />{{small|(59 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Nintoku; younger brother of Emperor Richū. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=25|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.310–311|3a1=Brown|3p=257|4a1=Varley|4p=112|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/288 288]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0190|19}}
| [[File:Emperor Ingyō.jpg|100px]]
| Oasatsuma Wakugo no Sukune<br />{{lang|ja|雄朝津間稚子宿禰}}
| '''[[Emperor Ingyō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|允恭天皇}}
| 411–453<br />{{small|(42 years)}}
| 376–453<br />{{small|(77 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Nintoku; younger brother of Emperor Richū and Emperor Hanzei. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=26|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.312–328|3a1=Brown|3p=257–258|4a1=Varley|4p=112}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0200|20}}
| [[File:Emperor Ankō.jpg|100px]]
| Anaho<br />{{lang|ja|穴穂}}
| '''[[Emperor Ankō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|安康天皇}}
| 453–456<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
| 401–456<br />{{small|(55 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ingyō. Assassinated by Prince Mayowa. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=26|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.328–332|3a1=Brown|3p=258|4a1=Varley|4p=113|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/32 32]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0210|21}}
| [[File:Tennō Yūryaku detail.jpg|100px]]
| Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru<br />{{lang|ja|大泊瀬稚武}}
| '''[[Emperor Yūryaku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|雄略天皇}}<br /> {{small|Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|大泊瀬幼武尊天皇}}}}
| 456–479<br />{{small|(23 years)}}
| 418–479<br />{{small|(61 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ingyō; younger brother of Ankō.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=27–28|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.333–372|3a1=Brown|3p=258|4a1=Varley|4pp=113–115|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1068 1068]}}''' First historical emperor.{{Efn-lr|[[Emperor Yūryaku]]'s existence is attested in the [[Inariyama Sword|Inariyama]] and [[Eta Funayama Sword]]s, both made during reign of "the Great king Waka Takiru" (''Wakatakeru''). The first sword is dated to the "Year of the Metal Pig", which could mean 471 or 534.<ref>{{cite book  | surname = Seeley  | given = Christopher  | title = A History of Writing in Japan  | publisher = [[Brill Academic Publishers]]  | year = 1991  | isbn = 90-04-09081-9  | pages = 19–23 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KCZ2ya6cg88C&pg=PA19  }}</ref> Historian Donald F. McCallum argues that Yūryaku's four direct successors are not historical figures given that almost nothing is known about them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCallum |first=Donald F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAyk-ObsD6sC&pg=PA17 |title=The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan |date=2008 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-3114-1 |pages=16-21 |language=}}</ref>}}
|-
| {{sort|0220|22}}
| [[File:Orekidai seinei.png|100px]]
| Shiraka<br />{{lang|ja|白髪}}
| '''[[Emperor Seinei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|清寧天皇}}
| 480–484<br />{{small|(4 years)}}
| 444–484<br />{{small|(40 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Yūryaku. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=28–29|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.373–377|3a1=Brown|3pp=258–259|4a1=Varley|4pp=115–116|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/836 836]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0230|23}}
| [[File:Emperor Kenzō.jpg|100px]]
| Woke<br />{{lang|ja|弘計}}
| '''[[Emperor Kenzō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|顕宗天皇}}
| 485–487<br />{{small|(2 years)}}
| 450–487<br />{{small|(37 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Richū; cousin and adopted son of Emperor Seinei. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=29–30|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.377–393|3a1=Brown|3p=259|4a1=Varley|4p=116|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/510 510]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0240|24}}
| [[File:Emperor Ninken.jpg|100px]]
| Oke<br />{{lang|ja|億計}}
| '''[[Emperor Ninken]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|仁賢天皇}}
| 488–498<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
| 448–498<br />{{small|(50 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Richū; cousin and adopted son of Emperor Seinei; older brother of Emperor Kenzō. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=30|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.393–398|3a1=Brown|3pp=259–260|4a1=Varley|4p=117|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/716 716]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0250|25}}
| [[File:Emperor Buretsu.jpg|100px]]
| Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki<br />{{lang|ja|小泊瀬稚鷦鷯}}
| '''[[Emperor Buretsu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|武烈天皇}}
| 499–506<br />{{small|(7 years)}}
| 489–506<br />{{small|(17 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ninken. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=31|2a1=Aston|2loc=1, pp.399–407|3a1=Brown|3p=260|4a1=Varley|4pp=117–118|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/94 94]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0260|26}}
| [[File:Statue of Emperor Keitai.jpg|100px]]
| Ohodo{{Efn-lr|Also called as '''Hikofuto''' (彦太).}}<br />{{lang|ja|袁本杼}}
| '''[[Emperor Keitai]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|継体天皇}}<br/>{{small|Ohodo no Sumera-mikoto <br />(雄大迹天皇)}}
| 3 March 507<br />–<br />10 March 531<br />{{small|(24 years)}}
| 450<br />–<br />10 March 531<br />{{small|(81 years)}}
{{hr}}5th-generation grandson of Emperor Ōjin. Became emperor at the recommendation of [[Ōtomo no Kanamura]]. Possible founder of a new dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shillony|first=Ben-Ami|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwztKKtQ_rAC&pg=PA15|title=The Emperors of Modern Japan|date=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-4225-7|pages=15|language=en}}</ref>'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=31–32|2a1=Aston|2loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC&pg=RA2-PA1 2], pp. 1–25|3a1=Brown|3pp=260–261|4a1=Varley|4pp=17–18, 119–120|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/506 506]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0270|27}}
| [[File:Emperor Ankan.jpg|100px]]
| Magari<br />{{lang|ja|勾}}
| '''[[Emperor Ankan]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|安閑天皇}}<br/>{{small|Hirokuni-oshitakekanahi no Sumera-mikoto <br />(広国押武金日天皇)}}
| {{circa}} 10 March 531<br />–<br />25 January 536<br />{{small|(4 years)}}
| 466<br />–<br />25 January 536<br />{{small|(69 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Keitai. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1p=33|2a1=Aston|2loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC&pg=RA2-PA26 2], pp. 26–32|3a1=Brown|3p=261|4a1=Varley|4pp=120–121|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/30 31]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0280|28}}
| [[File:Emperor Senka.jpg|100px]]
| Hinokuma-no-takata<br />{{lang|ja|檜隈高田}}
| '''[[Emperor Senka]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|宣化天皇}}<br/>{{small|Takewohirokunioshitate no Sumera-mikoto <br />(武小広国押盾天皇)}}
| 25 January 536<br />–<br />15 March 539<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
| 466<br />–<br />15 March 539<br />{{small|(73 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Keitai; younger brother of Emperor Ankan. Presumed legendary.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=33–34|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 33–35|3a1=Brown|3p=261|4a1=Varley|4p=121|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/842 842]}}'''
|}

===Classical Japan (540–1185)===

====[[Asuka period]] (538–710)====
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|0290|29}}
| [[File:Emperor Kinmei.jpg|100px]]
| Amekunioshiharakihironiwa<br />{{lang|ja|天国排開広庭}}
| '''[[Emperor Kinmei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|欽明天皇}}<br />{{small|Amekuni-oshiharaki-hironiwa no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天国排開広庭天皇}}}}
| 540–571<br />{{small|(31 years)}}
| 509–571<br />{{small|(62 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Keitai; younger brother of Ankan and Senka. Often considered the first historically verifiable emperor.<ref name="Timothy"/>'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=34–36|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 36–89|3a1=Brown|3pp=261–262|4a1=Varley|4pp=123–124|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/518 519]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0300|30}}
| [[File:Emperor Bidatsu.jpg|100px]]
| Nunakura no Futotamashiki<br />{{lang|ja|渟中倉太珠敷}}
| '''[[Emperor Bidatsu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|敏達天皇}}<br />{{small|Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|渟中倉太珠敷天皇}}}}
| 572–585<br />{{small|(13 years)}}
| 538–585<br />{{small|(47 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kinmei.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=36–37|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 90–105|3a1=Brown|3pp=262–263|4a1=Varley|4pp=124–125|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/76 77]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0310|31}}
| [[File:Yomeitenno.jpg|100px]]
| Tachibana no Toyohi<br />{{lang|ja|橘豊日}}
| '''[[Emperor Yōmei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|用明天皇}}<br />{{small|Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|橘豊日天皇}}}}
| 586–587<br />{{small|(1 year)}}
| 517–587<br />{{small|(70 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kinmei; half-brother of Emperor Bidatsu.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=37–38|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 106–111|3a1=Brown|3p=263|4a1=Varley|4pp=125–126|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1056 1057]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0320|32}}
| [[File:Emperor Sushun.jpg|100px]]
| Hatsusebe<br />{{lang|ja|泊瀬部}}
| '''[[Emperor Sushun]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|崇峻天皇}}<br />{{small|Hatsune Benowa Kasasagi no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|長谷部若雀天皇}}}}
| 587–592<br />{{small|(5 years)}}
| 522–592<br />{{small|(70 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kinmei; half-brother of Emperor Bidatsu and Emperor Yōmei. Made emperor by [[Soga no Umako]] following the [[Soga–Mononobe conflict]]. Assassinated by Yamatonoaya no Koma on the orders of Soga no Umako.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=38–39|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 112–120|3a1=Brown|3p=263|4a1=Varley|4p=126|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/916 917]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0330|33}}
| [[File:Empress Suiko 2.jpg|100px]]
| Nukatabe<br />{{lang|ja|額田部}}
| '''[[Empress Suiko]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|推古天皇}}<br />{{small|Toyomikekashikiya-hime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|豊御食炊屋姫天皇}}}}
| 593–628<br />{{small|(35 years)}}
| 554–628<br />{{small|(74 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Emperor Kinmei; half-sister and wife of Emperor Bidatsu. First non-legendary female monarch. [[Prince Shōtoku]] acted as her regent.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=39–42|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 121–156|3a1=Brown|3pp=263–264|4a1=Varley|4pp=126–129|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/910 910]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0340|34}}
| [[File:Emperor Jomei.jpg|100px]]
| Tamura<br />{{lang|ja|田村}}
| '''[[Emperor Jomei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|舒明天皇}}<br />{{small|Okinagatarashihihironuka no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|息長足日広額天皇}}}}
| 629–641<br />{{small|(12 years)}}
| 593–641<br />{{small|(48 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Bidatsu; great nephew of Empress Suiko.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=42–43|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 157–170|3a1=Brown|3pp=264–265|4a1=Varley|4pp=129–130|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/430 431]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0350|35}}
| [[File:Empress Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg|100px]]
| Takara<br />{{lang|ja|宝}}
| '''[[Empress Kōgyoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|皇極天皇}}<br />{{small|Ametoyotakaraikashihitarashi-hime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天豊財重日足姫天皇}}}}
| 642–645<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
| 594–661<br />{{small|(67 years)}}
{{hr}}Great-granddaughter of Emperor Bidatsu; wife of Emperor Jomei. First reign. Abdicated as a result of the [[Isshi incident]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=43–47|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 171–194|3a1=Brown|3pp=265–266|4a1=Varley|4pp=130–132|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/542 543]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0360|36}}
| [[File:Emperor Kotoku.jpg|100px]]
| Karu<br />{{lang|ja|軽}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōtoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝徳天皇}}<br />{{small|Ameyorozutoyohi no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天万豊日天皇}}}}
| 645–654<br />{{small|(9 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Taika (era)|Taika]], [[Hakuchi (era)|Hakuchi]]
| 597–654<br />{{small|(57 years)}}
{{hr}}Great-grandson of Emperor Bidatsu; younger brother of Empress Kōgyoku. First [[Japanese era name|era name]] assigned.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=47–50|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 195–247|3a1=Brown|3pp=266–267|4a1=Varley|4pp=132–133|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/566 566]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0370|37}}
| [[File:Empress Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg|100px]]
| Takara<br />{{lang|ja|宝}}
| [[Empress Kōgyoku|'''Empress Saimei''']]<br />{{lang|ja|斉明天皇}}<br />{{small|Ametoyotakaraikashihitarashi-hime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天豊財重日足姫天皇}}}}
| 655–661<br />{{small|(6 years)}}
| 594–661<br />{{small|(67 years)}}
{{hr}}Older sister of Emperor Kōtoku. Previously reigned as Empress Kōgyoku. Second reign.{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=50–52|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 248–273|3a1=Brown|3p=267|4a1=Varley|4pp=133–134|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/806 807]}}
|-
| {{sort|0380|38}}
| [[File:Emperor Tenji.jpg|100px]]
| Kazuraki<br />{{lang|ja|葛城}}
| '''[[Emperor Tenji]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|天智天皇}}<br />{{small|Amenokotohirakasuwake no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天命開別天皇}}}}
| 662–672<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
| 626–672<br />{{small|(46 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Jomei and Empress Kōgyoku.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=52–56|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 274–300|3a1=Brown|3p=268|4a1=Varley|4p=135|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/958 959]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0390|39}}
| [[File:Emperor Kōbun.jpg|100px]]
| Ōtomo{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Iga''' (伊賀).}}<br />{{lang|ja|大友}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōbun]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|弘文天皇}}
| 672<br />{{small|(8 months)}}
| 648–672<br />{{small|(24 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Tenji. Deposed and committed suicide during the [[Jinshin War]]. Not recognized as emperor until 1870.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=56–58|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, p. 301ff|3a1=Brown|3pp=268–269|4a1=Varley|4pp=135–136|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/538 538]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0400|40}}
| [[File:Emperor Tenmu.jpg|100px]]
| Ōama<br />{{lang|ja|大海人}}
| '''[[Emperor Tenmu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|天武天皇}}<br />{{small|Amanonunaharaokinomahito no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天渟中原瀛真人天皇}}}}
| 673–686<br />{{small|(14 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Shuchō]]
| 622–686<br />{{small|(56 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Jomei and Empress Kōgyoku; younger brother of Emperor Tenji. Deposed his nephew, Emperor Kōbun, during the [[Jinshin War]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=58–59|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 301–381|3a1=Brown|3pp=268–269|4a1=Varley|4pp=135–136|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/956 957]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0410|41}}
| [[File:Empress Jito by Katsukawa Shunsho.png|100px]]
| Unonosarara{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Unonosasara''' or '''Uno'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|鸕野讚良}}
| '''[[Empress Jitō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|持統天皇}}<br />{{small|Takamanoharahiro no hime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|高天原広野姫天皇}}}}
| 687–697<br />{{small|(10 years){{Efn-lr|Her dates are usually given as 686–697. However, the ''Nihon Shoki'' states that she died on her 11th year, i.e. she ruled 10 years.{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=59–60|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 382–423|3a1=Brown|3pp=269–270|4a1=Varley|4pp=136–137}}}}}}
| 646–703<br />{{small|(57 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Emperor Tenji; niece and wife of Emperor Tenmu. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=59–60|2a1=Aston|2loc=2, pp. 382–423|3a1=Brown|3pp=269–270|4a1=Varley|4pp=136–137|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/426 426]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0420|42}}
| [[File:Emperor Monmu portrait.png|100px]]
| Karu{{Efn-lr|Name also written as 軽.}}<br />{{lang|ja|珂瑠}}
| '''[[Emperor Monmu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|文武天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-toyoohoji no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|倭根子豊祖父天皇}}}}<br />{{small|Ame no Mamune-toyoohoji no Sumera-mikoto  <br />{{lang|ja|天之真宗豊祖父天皇}}}}
| 697–707<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Taihō (era)|Taihō]], [[Keiun]]
| 683–707<br />{{small|(24 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=60–63|2a1=Brown|2pp=270–271|3a1=Varley|3pp=137–140|5a1=Nussbaum|5p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/654 655]}}'''
|}

====[[Nara period]] (710–794)====
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|0430|43}}
| [[File:Empress Gemmei.jpg|100px]]
| Ahe{{Efn-lr|Name also written as 阿部.}}<br />{{lang|ja|阿閇}}
| '''[[Empress Genmei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|元明天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-amatsumiyo-toyokuni-narihime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|日本根子天津御代豊国成姫天皇 }}}}
| 707–715<br />{{small|(8 years)}}<!-- the years are counted as whole years onwards, for some reason --> 
{{hr}}[[Keiun]], [[Wadō (era)|Wadō]]
| 660–721<br />{{small|(61 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Emperor Tenji; half-sister of Empress Jitō; mother of Emperor Monmu. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=63–65|2a1=Brown|2p=271|3a1=Varley|3p=140|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/235 235]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0440|44}}
| [[File:Empress Genshō Tsubosaka-dera.jpg|100px]]
| Hidaka{{Efn-lr|Name also written as 日高.}}<br />{{lang|ja|氷高}}
| '''[[Empress Genshō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|元正天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-takamizukiyotarashihime no Sumera-mikoto<br />{{lang|ja|日本根子高瑞浄足姫天皇}}}}
| 715–724<br />{{small|(9 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Reiki (era)|Reiki]], [[Yōrō]]
| 681–748<br />{{small|(67 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Empress Genmei; elder sister of Emperor Monmu. Only instance of an empress regnant inheriting the throne from another empress regnant. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=65–67|2a1=Brown|2pp=271–272|3a1=Varley|3pp=140–141|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/240 240]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0450|45}}
| [[File:Emperor Shomu.jpg|100px]]
| Obito<br />{{lang|ja|首}}
| '''[[Emperor Shōmu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|聖武天皇}}<br />Emperor Shōhō-kanjin-shōmu <br/>{{lang|ja|勝宝感神聖武皇帝}}<br />{{small|Ameshirushikunioshiharakitoyosakurahiko no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天璽国押開豊桜彦天皇}}}}
| 724–749<br />{{small|(25 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Jinki (era)|Jinki]], [[Tenpyō]], [[Tenpyō-kanpō]]
| 701–756<br />{{small|(55 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Monmu; nephew of Empress Genshō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=67–73|2a1=Brown|2pp=272–273|3a1=Varley|3pp=141–143|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/884 884]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0460|46}}
| [[File:Empress Kōken1878(Cropped).jpg|100px]]
| Abe<br />{{lang|ja|阿倍}}
| '''[[Empress Kōken]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝謙天皇}}<br />{{small|Takano no hime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|高野姫天皇}}}}
| 749–758<br />{{small|(9 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Tenpyō-kanpō]], [[Tenpyō-shōhō]], [[Tenpyō-hōji]]
| 718–770<br />{{small|(52 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Emperor Shōmu. First reign. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=73–75|2a1=Brown|2pp=274–275|3a1=Varley|3p=143|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/546 547]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0470|47}}
| [[File:Emperor Junnin.jpg|100px]]
| Ōi<br />{{lang|ja|大炊}}
| '''[[Emperor Junnin]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|淳仁天皇}}
| 758–764<br />{{small|(6 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Tenpyō-hōji]]
| 733–765<br />{{small|(32 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Tenmu; cousin of Empress Kōken. Deposed. Posthumously named emperor in 1870.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=75–78|2a1=Brown|2p=275|3a1=Varley|3pp=143–144|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/436 437]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0480|48}}
| [[File:Empress Kōken1878(Cropped).jpg|100px]]
| Abe<br />{{lang|ja|阿倍}}
| '''[[Empress Shōtoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|称徳天皇}}<br />{{small|Takano no hime no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|高野姫天皇}}}}
| 764–770<br />{{small|(6 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Tenpyō-hōji]], [[Tenpyō-jingo]], [[Jingo-keiun]]
| 718–770<br />{{small|(52 years)}}
{{hr}}Deposed her cousin, Emperor Junnin. Previously reigned as Empress Kōken. Second reign.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=78–81|2a1=Brown|2p=276|3a1=Varley|3pp=144–147|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/888 888]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0490|49}}
| [[File:Emperor Kōnin.jpg|100px]]
| Shirakabe<br />{{lang|ja|白壁}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōnin]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|光仁天皇}}<br />{{small|Ametsumune-takatsugi no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|天宗高紹天皇}}}}
| 770–781<br />{{small|(11 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Hōki]], [[Ten'ō]]
| 708–782<br />{{small|(73 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Tenji; brother-in-law of Empress Shōtoku. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=81–85|2a1=Brown|2pp=276–277|3a1=Varley|3pp=147–148|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/556 557]}}'''
|}

====[[Heian period]] (794–1185)====
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|0500|50}}
| [[File:Emperor Kammu large.jpg|100px]]
| Yamabe<br />{{lang|ja|山部}}
| '''[[Emperor Kanmu]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|桓武天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-amatsu Hitsugi-yateri no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|日本根子皇統弥照天皇}}}}
| 781–806<br />{{small|(25 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Ten'ō]], [[Enryaku]]
| 736–806<br />{{small|(70 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōnin.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=86–95|2a1=Brown|2pp=277–279|3a1=Varley|3pp=148–150|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/464 464]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0510|51}}
| [[File:Emperor Heizei.jpg|100px]]
| Ate<br />{{lang|ja|安殿}}
| '''[[Emperor Heizei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|平城天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-ameoshikuni-takahiko no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|日本根子皇統弥照天皇}}}}
| 806–809<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Daidō]]
| 773–824<br />{{small|(51 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kanmu. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=96–97|2a1=Brown|2pp=279–280|3a1=Varley|3p=151|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/304 305]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0520|52}}
| [[File:Emperor Saga large.jpg|100px]]
| Kamino<br />{{lang|ja|神野}}
| '''[[Emperor Saga]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|嵯峨天皇}}
| 809–823<br />{{small|(14 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Daidō]], [[Kōnin (era)|Kōnin]]
| 785–842<br />{{small|(57 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kanmu; younger brother of Emperor Heizei. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=97–102|2a1=Brown|2pp=280–282|3a1=Varley|3pp=151–164|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/804 804]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0530|53}}
| [[File:淳和天皇.jpg|100px]]
| Ōtomo<br />{{lang|ja|大伴}}
| '''[[Emperor Junna]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|淳和天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-ame no Takazuruiyatoo no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|日本根子天高譲弥遠尊天皇}}}}
| 823–833<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kōnin (era)|Kōnin]], [[Tenchō]]
| 786–840<br />{{small|(54 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kanmu; younger brother of Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=103–106|2a1=Brown|2pp=282–283|3a1=Varley|3p=164|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/436 437]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0540|54}}
| [[File:仁明天皇 日本の第54代天皇.jpg|100px]]
| Masara<br />{{lang|ja|正良}}
| '''[[Emperor Ninmyō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|仁明天皇}}<br />{{small|Yamato-neko-atsume Shirushi-toyosato no Sumera-mikoto <br />{{lang|ja|日本根子天璽豊聡慧尊天皇}}}}
| 833–850<br />{{small|(17 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Tenchō]], [[Jōwa (Heian period)|Jōwa]], [[Kashō]]
| 808–850<br />{{small|(41 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Saga; nephew and adopted son of Emperor Junna.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=106–112|2a1=Brown|2pp=283–284|3a1=Varley|3pp=164–165|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/714 714]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0550|55}}
| [[File:Emperor Montoku.jpg|100px]]
| Michiyasu<br />{{lang|ja|道康}}
| '''[[Emperor Montoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|文徳天皇}}
| 850–858<br />{{small|(8 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kashō]], [[Ninju]], [[Saikō]], [[Ten'an]]
| 827–858<br />{{small|(31 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ninmyō.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=112–115|2a1=Brown|2pp=285–286|3a1=Varley|3p=165|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/658 658]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0560|56}}
| [[File:Emperor Seiwa.jpg|100px]]
| Korehito<br />{{lang|ja|惟仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Seiwa]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|清和天皇}}
| 858–876<br />{{small|(18 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Ten'an]], [[Jōgan]]
| 850–881<br />{{small|(30 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Empereor Montoku. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=115–121|2a1=Brown|2pp=286–288|3a1=Varley|3pp=166–170|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/836 837]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0570|57}}
| [[File:Hyakuninisshu 013.jpg|100px]]
| Sadaakira<br />{{lang|ja|貞明}}
| '''[[Emperor Yōzei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|陽成天皇}}
| 876–884<br />{{small|(8 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Jōgan]], [[Gangyō]]
| 869–949<br />{{small|(80 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Seiwa. Deposed by [[Fujiwara no Mototsune]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=121–124|2a1=Brown|2pp=288–289|3a1=Varley|3pp=170–171|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1064 1064]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0580|58}}
| [[File:Tennō Kōkō.jpg|100px]]
| Tokiyasu<br />{{lang|ja|時康}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōkō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|光孝天皇}}
| 884–887<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Gangyō]], [[Ninna]]
| 830–887<br />{{small|(57 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ninmyō; great uncle of Emperor Yōzei. Became emperor at the recommendation of [[Fujiwara no Mototsune]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=124–125|2a1=Brown|2p=289|3a1=Varley|3pp=171–175|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/548 549]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0590|59}}
| [[File:Emperor Uda crop.jpg|100px]]
| Sadami<br />{{lang|ja|定省}}
| '''[[Emperor Uda]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|宇多天皇}}
| 887–897<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Ninna]], [[Kanpyō (era)|Kanpyō]]
| 866–931<br />{{small|(65 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōkō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=125–129|2a1=Brown|2pp=289–290|3a1=Varley|3pp=175–179|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1006 1007]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0600|60}}
| [[File:Emperor Daigo.jpg|100px]]
| Atsuhito{{Efn-lr|Previously named Minamoto no Korezane (源維城).}}<br />{{lang|ja|敦仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Daigo]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|醍醐天皇}}
| 897–930<br />{{small|(33 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kanpyō (era)|Kanpyō]], [[Shōtai]], [[Engi (era)|Engi]], [[Enchō]]
| 884–930<br />{{small|(46 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Uda. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=129–134|2a1=Brown|2pp=290–293|3a1=Varley|3pp=179–181|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/138 138]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0610|61}}
| [[File:Emperor Suzaku.jpg|100px]]
| Yutaakira{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Hiroakira'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|寛明}}
| '''[[Emperor Suzaku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|朱雀天皇}}
| 930–946<br />{{small|(16 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Enchō]], [[Jōhei]], [[Tengyō]]
| 921–952<br />{{small|(30 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Daigo. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=134–138|2a1=Brown|2pp=294–295|3a1=Varley|3pp=181–183}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0620|62}}
| [[File:Emperor Murakami cropped.jpg|100px]]
| Nariakira<br />{{lang|ja|成明}}
| '''[[Emperor Murakami]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|村上天皇}}
| 946–967<br />{{small|(21 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Tengyō]], [[Tenryaku]], [[Tentoku]], [[Ōwa]], [[Kōhō]]
| 924–967<br />{{small|(42 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Daigo; younger brother of Emperor Suzaku.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=139–142|2a1=Brown|2pp=295–298|3a1=Varley|3pp=183–190|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/666 667]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0630|63}}
| [[File:Emperor reizei.jpg|100px]]
| Norihara<br />{{lang|ja|憲平}}
| '''[[Emperor Reizei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|冷泉天皇}}
| 967–969<br />{{small|(2 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kōhō]], [[Anna (era)|Anna]]
| 949–1011<br />{{small|(62 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Murakami. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=142–143|2a1=Brown|2p=289|3a1=Varley|3pp=190–191|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/786 786]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0640|64}}
| [[File:Emperor Enyu.jpg|100px]]
| Morihira<br />{{lang|ja|守平}}
| '''[[Emperor En'yū]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|円融天皇}}
| 969–984<br />{{small|(15 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Anna (era)|Anna]], [[Tenroku]], [[Ten'en]], [[Jōgen (Heian period)|Jōgen]], [[Tengen (era)|Tengen]], [[Eikan]]
| 958–991<br />{{small|(32 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Murakami; younger brother of Emperor Reizei. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=144–148|2a1=Brown|2pp=299–300|3a1=Varley|3pp=191–192|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/182 182]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0650|65}}
| [[File:Tennō Kazan detail.jpg|100px]]
| Morosada<br />{{lang|ja|師貞}}
| '''[[Emperor Kazan]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|花山天皇}}
| 984–986<br />{{small|(2 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Eikan]], [[Kanna (era)|Kanna]]
| 968–1008<br />{{small|(39 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Reizei; nephew of Emperor En'yū. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=148–149|2a1=Brown|2pp=300–302|3a1=Varley|3p=192|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/500 501]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0660|66}}
| [[File:Emperor Ichijō.jpg|100px]]
| Kanehito<br />{{lang|ja|懐仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Ichijō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|一条天皇}}
| 986–1011<br />{{small|(25 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kanna (era)|Kanna]], [[Eien]], [[Eiso (era)|Eiso]], [[Shōryaku]], [[Chōtoku]], [[Chōhō (era)|Chōhō]], [[Kankō]]
| 980–1011<br />{{small|(31 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Emperor En'yū. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=150–154|2a1=Brown|2pp=302–307|3a1=Varley|3pp=192–195|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/368 369]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0670|67}}
| [[File:Emperor Sanjō.jpg|100px]]
| Okisada{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Iyasada''' or '''Sukesada'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|居貞}}
| '''[[Emperor Sanjō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|三条天皇}}
| 1011–1016<br />{{small|(5 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kankō]], [[Chōwa]]
| 975–1017<br />{{small|(42 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Reizei; half-brother of Emperor Kazan; cousin of Emperor Ichijō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=154–155|2a1=Brown|2p=307|3a1=Varley|3p=195|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/818 818]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0680|68}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Ichijo.jpg|100px]]
| Atsuhira{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Atsunari'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|敦成}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Ichijō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後一条天皇}}
| 1016–1036<br />{{small|(20 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Chōwa]], [[Kannin]], [[Jian (era)|Jian]], [[Manju (era)|Manju]], [[Chōgen]]
| 1008–1036<br />{{small|(27 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ichijō; cousin of Emperor Sanjō.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=156–160|2a1=Brown|2pp=307–310|3a1=Varley|3pp=195–196|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252 253]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0690|69}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Suzaku.jpg|100px]]
| Atsunaga<br />{{lang|ja|敦良}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Suzaku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後朱雀天皇}}
| 1036–1045<br />{{small|(9 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Chōgen]], [[Chōryaku]], [[Chōkyū]], [[Kantoku]]
| 1009–1045<br />{{small|(37 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ichijō; younger brother of Emperor Go-Ichijō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=160–162|2a1=Brown|2pp=310–311|3a1=Varley|3p=197|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/262 262]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0700|70}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Reizei.jpg|100px]]
| Chikahito<br />{{lang|ja|親仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Reizei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後冷泉天皇}}
| 1045–1068<br />{{small|(23 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kantoku]], [[Eishō (Heian period)|Eishō]], [[Tengi]], [[Kōhei]], [[Jiryaku]]
| 1025–1068<br />{{small|(42 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Suzaku.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=162–166|2a1=Brown|2pp=311–314|3a1=Varley|3pp=197–198|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/258 258]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0710|71}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-sanjō.jpg|100px]]
| Takahito<br />{{lang|ja|尊仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Sanjō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後三条天皇}}
| 1068–1073<br />{{small|(5 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Jiryaku]], [[Enkyū]]
| 1032–1073<br />{{small|(40 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Suzaku; half-brother of Emperor Go-Reizei. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=166–168|2a1=Brown|2pp=314–315|3a1=Varley|3pp=198–199|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=259}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0720|72}}
| [[File:Emperor Shirakawa.jpg|100px]]
| Sadahito<br />{{lang|ja|貞仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Shirakawa]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|白河天皇}}
| 1073–1087<br />{{small|(14 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Enkyū]], [[Jōhō]], [[Jōryaku]], [[Eihō]], [[Ōtoku]]
| 1053–1129<br />{{small|(76 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Sanjō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=169–171|2a1=Brown|2pp=315–317|3a1=Varley|3pp=199–202|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/872 872]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0730|73}}
| [[File:堀河天皇.jpg|100px]]
| Taruhito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Yoshihito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|善仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Horikawa]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|堀河天皇}}
| 1087–1107<br />{{small|(20 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kanji (era)|Kanji]], [[Kahō]], [[Eichō]], [[Jōtoku]], [[Kōwa (Heian period)|Kōwa]], [[Chōji]], [[Kajō]]
| 1079–1107<br />{{small|(28 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Shirakawa.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=172–178|2a1=Brown|2pp=317–320|3a1=Varley|3p=202|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/352 352]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0740|74}}
| [[File:Emperor Toba.jpg|100px]]
| Munehito<br />{{lang|ja|宗仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Toba]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|鳥羽天皇}}
| 1107–1123<br />{{small|(16 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kajō]], [[Tennin (era)|Tennin]], [[Ten'ei]], [[Eikyū]], [[Gen'ei]], [[Hōan]]
| 1103–1156<br />{{small|(53 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Horikawa. Forced to abdicate by Emperor Shirakawa.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=178–181|2a1=Brown|2pp=320–322|3a1=Varley|3pp=203–204|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/966 967]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0750|75}}
| [[File:Emperor Sutoku2.jpg|100px]]
| Akihito<br />{{lang|ja|顕仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Sutoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|崇徳天皇}}
| 1123–1142<br />{{small|(19 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Hōan]], [[Tenji (era)|Tenji]], [[Daiji (era)|Daiji]], [[Tenshō (Heian period)|Tenshō]], [[Chōshō]], [[Hōen]], [[Eiji (era)|Eiji]]
| 1119–1164<br />{{small|(45 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Toba. Abdicated. Attempted to depose Emperor Go-Shirakawa during the [[Hōgen rebellion]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=181–185|2a1=Brown|2pp=322–324|3a1=Varley|3pp=204–205|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/916 917]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0760|76}}
| [[File:Emperor Konoe by Kōtarō Miyake.jpg|100px]]
| Narihito<br />{{lang|ja|体仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Konoe]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|近衛天皇}}
| 1142–1155<br />{{small|(13 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Eiji (era)|Eiji]], [[Kōji (Heian period)|Kōji]], [[Ten'yō]], [[Kyūan]], [[Ninpei]], [[Kyūju]]
| 1139–1155<br />{{small|(16 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Toba; half-brother of Emperor Sutoku.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=186–188|2a1=Brown|2pp=324–326|3a1=Varley|3p=205|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/558 559]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0770|77}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Shirakawa2.jpg|100px]]
| Masahito<br />{{lang|ja|雅仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Shirakawa]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後白河天皇}}
| 1155–1158<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kyūju]], [[Hōgen (era)|Hōgen]]
| 1127–1192<br />{{small|(64 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Toba; younger brother of Emperor Sutoku; half-brother of Emperor Konoe. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=188–190|2a1=Brown|2pp=326–327|3a1=Varley|3pp=205–208|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/260 261]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0780|78}}
| [[File:Nijotenno.jpg|100px]]
| Morihito<br />{{lang|ja|守仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Nijō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|二条天皇}}
| 1158–1165<br />{{small|(7 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Hōgen (era)|Hōgen]], [[Heiji]], [[Eiryaku]], [[Ōhō]], [[Chōkan]]
| 1143–1165<br />{{small|(22 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=191–194|2a1=Brown|2pp=327–329|3a1=Varley|3pp=208–212|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/712 712]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0790|79}}
| [[File:Emperor Rokujō by Kōtarō Miyake.jpg|100px]]
| Nobuhito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Yoshihito''' or '''Toshihito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|順仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Rokujō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|六条天皇}}
| 1165–1168<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Chōkan]], [[Eiman]], [[Nin'an]]
| 1164–1176<br />{{small|(11 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Nijō. Deposed by Emperor Go-Shirakawa.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=194–195|2a1=Brown|2pp=329–330|3a1=Varley|3p=212|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/794 794]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0800|80}}
| [[File:Emperor Takakura.jpg|100px]]
| Norihito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Nobuhito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|憲仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Takakura]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|高倉天皇}}
| 1168–1180<br />{{small|(12 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Nin'an]], [[Kaō (era)|Kaō]], [[Jōan (era)|Jōan]], [[Angen]], [[Jishō]]
| 1161–1181<br />{{small|(19 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa; half-brother of Emperor Nijō; uncle of Emperor Rokujō. Forced to abdicate by [[Taira no Kiyomori]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=194–195|2a1=Brown|2pp=329–330|3a1=Varley|3p=212|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/932 933]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0810|81}}
| [[File:Emperor Antoku.jpg|100px]]
| Tokihito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Kotohito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|言仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Antoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|安徳天皇}}
| 18 March 1180<br />–<br />25 April 1185<br />{{small|({{ayd|1180|03|18|1185|04|25}})}}
{{hr}}[[Jishō]], [[Yōwa]], [[Juei]], [[Genryaku]]
| 22 December 1178<br />–<br />25 April 1185<br />{{small|(6 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Takakura. Died at the [[Battle of Dan-no-ura]] during the [[Genpei War]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=200–207|2a1=Brown|2pp=333–334|3a1=Varley|3pp=214–215|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/32 33]}}'''
|}

===Medieval Japan (1185–1603)===

====[[Kamakura period]] (1185–1333)====
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|0820|82}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Toba.jpg|100px]]
| Takahira{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Takanari'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|尊成}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Toba]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後鳥羽天皇}}
| 8 September 1183<br />–<br />18 February 1198<br />{{small|({{ayd|1183|09|08|1198|02|18}})}}
{{hr}}[[Juei]], [[Genryaku]], [[Bunji (era)|Bunji]], [[Kenkyū]]
| 6 August 1180<br />–<br />28 March 1239<br />{{small|(58 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Takakura; half-brother of Emperor Antoku. Made emperor by Emperor Go-Shirakawa during the [[Genpei War]]. [[Kamakura shogunate]] turned the emperor into a figurehead. Abdicated. Attempted to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate during the [[Jōkyū War]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=207–221|2a1=Brown|2pp=334–339|3a1=Varley|3pp=215–220|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/262 263]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0830|83}}
| [[File:Emperor Tsuchimikado.jpg|100px]]
| Tamehito<br />{{lang|ja|為仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Tsuchimikado]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|土御門天皇}}
| 18 February 1198<br />–<br />12 December 1210<br />{{small|({{ayd|1198|02|18|1210|12|12}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kenkyū]], [[Shōji (era)|Shōji]], [[Kennin]], [[Genkyū]], [[Ken'ei]], [[Jōgen (Kamakura period)|Jōgen]]
| 3 January 1196<br />–<br />6 November 1231<br />{{small|(35 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Toba. Persuaded by Emperor Go-Toba to abdicate. Exiled following the [[Jōkyū War]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=221–230|2a1=Brown|2pp=339–341|3a1=Varley|3p=220|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/998 998]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0840|84}}
| [[File:Emperor Juntoku large.jpg|100px]]
| Morinari<br />{{lang|ja|守成}}
| '''[[Emperor Juntoku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|順徳天皇}}
| 12 December 1210<br />–<br />12 May 1221<br />{{small|({{ayd|1210|12|12|1221|05|12}})}}
{{hr}}[[Jōgen (Kamakura period)|Jōgen]], [[Kenryaku]], [[Kempo (era)|Kempo]], [[Jōkyū]]
| 22 October 1197<br />–<br />7 October 1242<br />{{small|(44 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Toba; half-brother of Emperor Tsuchimikado. Forced to abdicate following the [[Jōkyū War]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=230–238|2a1=Brown|2pp=341–343|3a1=Varley|3pp=221–223}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0850|85}}
| [[File:Emperor Chūkyō by Kōtarō Miyake.jpg|100px]]
| Kanenari<br />{{lang|ja|懐成}}
| '''[[Emperor Chūkyō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|仲恭天皇}}
|  12 May 1221<br />–<br /> 29 July 1221<br />{{small|(78 days)}}
{{hr}}[[Jōkyū]]
| 30 October 1218<br />–<br /> 18 June 1234<br />{{small|(15 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Juntoku. Deposed and exiled following the [[Jōkyū War]]. Posthumously named emperor in 1870.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=236–238|2a1=Brown|2pp=343–344|3a1=Varley|3pp=223–226|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/128 128]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0860|86}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Horikawa.jpg|100px]]
| Yutahito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Motsihito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|茂仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Horikawa]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後堀河天皇}}
| 29 July 1221<br />–<br />17 November 1232<br />{{small|({{ayd|1221|07|29|1232|11|17}})}}
{{hr}}[[Jōkyū]], [[Jōō (Kamakura period)|Jōō]], [[Gennin]], [[Karoku]], [[Antei]], [[Kangi]], [[Jōei]]
| 22 March 1212<br />–<br /> 31 August 1234<br />{{small|(22 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Takakura; first cousin of Emperor Chūkyō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=238–241|2a1=Brown|2pp=344–349|3a1=Varley|3pp=226–227|4a1=Nussbaum|4p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252 252]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0870|87}}
| [[File:Emperor Shijō.jpg|100px]]
| Mitsuhito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Tosihito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|秀仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Shijō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|四条天皇}}
| 17 November 1232<br />–<br /> 10 February 1242<br />{{small|({{ayd|1232|11|17|1242|02|10}})}}
{{hr}}[[Jōei]], [[Tenpuku]], [[Bunryaku]], [[Katei]], [[Ryakunin]], [[En'ō]], [[Ninji]]
| 17 March 1231 – 10 February 1242<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Horikawa.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=242–245|2a1=Varley|2p=227|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/856 856]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0880|88}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Saga.jpg|100px]]
| Kunihito<br />{{lang|ja|邦仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Saga]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後嵯峨天皇}}
| 21 February 1242<br />–<br />16 February 1246<br />{{small|({{ayd|1242|02|21|1246|02|16}})}}
{{hr}}[[Ninji]], [[Kangen]]
| 1 April 1220<br /> – <br />17 March 1272<br />{{small|(51 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Tsuchimikado; second cousin of Emperor Shijō. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=245–247|2a1=Varley|2pp=228–231|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/258 259]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0890|89}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Fukakusa.jpg|100px]]
| Hisahito<br />{{lang|ja|久仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Fukakusa]]'''{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Emperor Go-Ninmyō'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|後深草天皇}}
| 1246–1260<br />{{small|(14 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kangen]], [[Hōji (era)|Hōji]], [[Kenchō]], [[Kōgen]], [[Shōka (era)|Shōka]], [[Shōgen]]
| 1243–1304<br />{{small|(61 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Saga. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated at the insistence of Emperor Go-Saga.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=248–253|2a1=Varley|2pp=231–232|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252 252]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0900|90}}
| [[File:Emperor Kameyama.jpg|100px]]
| Tsunehito<br />{{lang|ja|恒仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Kameyama]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|亀山天皇}}
| 1260–1274<br />{{small|(14 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Shōgen]], [[Bun'ō]], [[Kōchō]], [[Bun'ei]]
| 1249–1305<br />{{small|(56 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Saga; younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa. From the Daikakuji line. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=232–233|2a1=Varley|2pp=253–261|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/460 461]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0910|91}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Uda2.jpg|100px]]
| Yohito<br />{{lang|ja|世仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Uda]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後宇多天皇}}
| 1274–1287<br />{{small|(13 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Bun'ei]], [[Kenji (era)|Kenji]], [[Kōan (Kamakura period)|Kōan]]
| 1267–1324<br />{{small|(56 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kameyama. From the Daikakuji line. Forced to abdicate by Emperor Go-Fukakusa.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=233–237|2a1=Varley|2pp=262–269|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/264 265]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0920|92}}
| [[File:Emperor Fushimi.jpg|100px]]
| Hirohito<br />{{lang|ja|熈仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Fushimi]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|伏見天皇}}
| 1287–1298<br />{{small|(11 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kōan (Kamakura period)|Kōan]], [[Shōō (Kamakura period)|Shōō]], [[Einin]]
| 1265–1317<br />{{small|(52 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Fukakusa. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=237–238|2a1=Varley|2pp=269–274|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252 252]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0930|93}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Fushimi.jpg|100px]]
| Tanehito<br />{{lang|ja|胤仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Fushimi]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後伏見天皇}}
| 1298–1301<br />{{small|(3 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Einin]], [[Shōan]]
| 1288–1336<br />{{small|(48 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Forced to abdicate by the Daikakuji line. Traditional dates used.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=274–275|2a1=Varley|2pp=238–239|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=252}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0940|94}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Nijō.jpg|100px]]
| Kuniharu<br />{{lang|ja|邦治}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Nijō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後二条天皇}}
| 1301–1308<br />{{small|(7 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Shōan]], [[Kengen]], [[Kagen]], [[Tokuji]]
| 1285–1308<br />{{small|(23 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Uda. From the Daikakuji line.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=275–278|2a1=Varley|2p=239|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256 257]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0950|95}}
| [[File:Tennō Hanazono detail.jpg|100px]]
| Tomihito<br />{{lang|ja|富仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Hanazono]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|花園天皇}}
| 1308–1318<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Enkyō (Kamakura period)|Enkyō]], [[Ōchō]], [[Shōwa (1312–1317)|Shōwa]], [[Bunpō]]
| 1297–1348<br />{{small|(51 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Agreed to alternate control of the throne between the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=281–286, 278–281|2a1=Varley|2pp=239–241|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/284 285]}}'''
|}

====[[Nanboku-chō period|Courts period]] (1336–1392) / [[Muromachi period]] (1336–1573) / [[Azuchi–Momoyama period]] (1568–1600)====
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|0960|96}}
| [[File:Emperor Godaigo by Monkan-bō Kōshin.jpg|100px]]
| Takaharu<br />{{lang|ja|尊治}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Daigo]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後醍醐天皇}}
| 1318–1339<br />{{small|(21 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Bunpō]], [[Gen'ō]], [[Genkō (1321–24)]], [[Shōchū (era)|Shōchū]], [[Karyaku]], [[Gentoku]], [[Genkō (1331–34)]], [[Kenmu]], [[Engen]]
| 1288–1339<br />{{small|(50 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Uda; younger brother of Emperor Go-Nijō. From the Daikakuji line. [[Kamakura shogunate]] ended in the [[Genkō War]]. Brief imperial rule during the [[Kenmu Restoration]]. Opposed the [[Ashikaga shogunate]]. Became the first emperor of the [[Southern Court]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=281–286, 290–294|2a1=Varley|2pp=241–269|3a1=Nussbaum|3p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/250 251]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0970|97}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Murakami cropped.jpg|100px]]
| Noriyoshi{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Norinaga'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|義良}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Murakami]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後村上天皇}}
| 1339–1368<br />{{small|(29 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Engen]], [[Kōkoku]], [[Shōhei]]
| 1328–1368<br />{{small|(40 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Daigo. Second emperor of the Southern Court. Southern Court briefly took the Northern Court's capital, Kyoto, during the [[Kannō disturbance]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Varley|1pp=269–270|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256 257]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0980|98}}
| [[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|100px]]
| Yutanari<br />{{lang|ja|寛成}}
| '''[[Emperor Chōkei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|長慶天皇}}
| 1368–1383<br />{{small|(15 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Shōhei]], [[Kentoku]], [[Bunchū]], [[Tenju]], [[Kōwa (Muromachi period)|Kōwa]]
| 1343–1394<br />{{small|(51 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Murakami. Third emperor of the Southern Court. Abdicated.'''{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA120 Chōkei Tennō], p. 120}}'''
|-
| {{sort|0990|99}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Kameyama.jpg|100px]]
| Hironari<br />{{lang|ja|熙成}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Kameyama]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後亀山天皇}}
| 1383–1392<br />{{small|(9 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Kōwa (Muromachi period)|Kōwa]], [[Genchū]]
| {{circa}} 1347–1424<br />{{small|({{circa}} 77 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Murakami; younger brother of Emperor Chōkei. Fourth and last emperor of the Southern Court. Agreed to peace with the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of the Northern Court line.'''{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA253 "Go-Kameyama Tennō"], pp. 253–255}}'''
|-
| ''(1)''
| [[File:光厳法皇像.jpg|100px]]
| ''Kazuhito<br />{{lang|ja|量仁}}''
| '''''[[Emperor Kōgon]]'''''<br />{{lang|ja|光厳天皇}}
| ''1331–1333<br />{{small|(2 years)}}''
{{hr}}''[[Gentoku]], [[Shōkyō]]''
| ''1313–1364<br />{{small|(51 years)}}''
{{hr}}''Son of Emperor Go-Fushimi; nephew and adopted son of Emperor Hanazono. From the Jimyōin line. Made the first emperor of the [[Northern Court]] by the [[Kamakura shogunate]] during the [[Genkō War]]. Deposed by Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. Captured by the [[Southern Court]] during the [[Kannō disturbance]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=286–289|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/344 344], [https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/542 543]}}'''''
|-
| ''(2)''
| [[File:Emperor Kōmyō.jpg|100px]]
| ''Yutahito<br />{{lang|ja|豊仁}}''
| '''''[[Emperor Kōmyō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|光明天皇}}''
| ''1336–1348<br />{{small|(12 years)}}''
{{hr}}''[[Kenmu]], [[Ryakuō]], [[Kōei]], [[Jōwa (Muromachi period)|Jōwa]]''
| ''1322–1380<br />{{small|(58 years)}}''
{{hr}}''Son of Emperor Go-Fushimi; younger brother of Emperor Kōgon. Made second emperor of the Northern Court by the [[Ashikaga shogunate]]. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the [[Kannō disturbance]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=294–298|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/554 555]}}'''''
|-
| ''(3)''
| [[File:Emperor Sukō.jpg|100px]]
| ''Okihito''{{Efn-lr|Previously named Masuhito (益仁).}}''<br />{{lang|ja|興仁}}''
| '''''[[Emperor Sukō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|崇光天皇}}''
| ''1348–1351<br />{{small|(3 years)}}''
{{hr}}''[[Jōwa (Muromachi period)|Jōwa]], [[Kannō]]''
| ''1334–1398<br />{{small|(64 years)}}''
{{hr}}''Son of Emperor Kōgon; nephew of Emperor Kōmyō. Third emperor of the Northern Court. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the [[Kannō disturbance]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=298–301|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/910 911]}}'''''
|-
| ''(4)''
| [[File:Emperor Go-Kōgon.jpg|100px]]
| ''Iyahito<br />{{lang|ja|彌仁}}''
| '''''[[Emperor Go-Kōgon]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後光厳天皇}}''
| ''1352–1371<br />{{small|(19 years)}}''
{{hr}}''[[Bunna]], [[Kōan (Muromachi period)|Kōan]], [[Jōji]], [[Ōan]]''
| ''1338–1374<br />{{small|(36 years)}}''
{{hr}}''Son of Emperor Kōgon; younger brother of Emperor Sukō. Became the fourth Emperor of the Northern Court after the [[Kannō disturbance]]. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=302–309|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/254 255]}}'''''
|-
| ''(5)''
| [[File:Emperor Go-En'yū detail.jpg|100px]]
| ''Ohito<br />{{lang|ja|緒仁}}''
| '''''[[Emperor Go-En'yū]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後円融天皇}}''
| ''1371–1382<br />{{small|(11 years)}}''
{{hr}}''[[Ōan]], [[Eiwa]], [[Kōryaku]], [[Eitoku]]''
| ''1359–1393<br />{{small|(34 years)}}''
{{hr}}''Son of Emperor Go-Kōgon. Fifth emperor of the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of Emperor Go-Komatsu.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=310–316|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/250 251]}}'''''
|-
| ''(6)''
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Emperor Go-Komatsu.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" | Motohito<br />{{lang|ja|幹仁}}
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]'''{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Emperor Go-Kōkō'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|後小松天皇}}
| ''1382–1392<br />{{small|(10 years)}}''
{{hr}}''[[Eitoku]], [[Shitoku]], [[Kakei]], [[Kōō]], [[Meitoku]]''
| rowspan="2" | 1377–1433<br />{{small|(56 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-En'yū''.'' Sixth and last emperor of the Northern Court from 1382 until 1392. Became the legitimate emperor following Emperor Go-Kameyama's abdication. Agreed to alternate control of the throne by the Northern Court and the Southern Court. All emperors after him are from the Northern line.'''''{{sfn|Titsingh|pp=317–327}}'''''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=317–327|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/554 555]}}
|-
| 100
| 1392–1412<br />{{small|(20 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Meitoku]], [[Ōei]]
|-
| {{sort|1010|101}}
| [[File:Emperor Shōkō by Kōtarō Miyake.jpg|100px]]
| Mihito{{Efn-lr|Initially written as 躬仁.}}<br />{{lang|ja|実仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Shōkō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|称光天皇}}
| 5 October 1412<br />–<br />30 August 1428<br />{{small|({{ayd|1412|10|05|1428|08|30}})}}
{{hr}}[[Ōei]], [[Shōchō]]
| 12 May 1401<br />–<br />30 August 1428<br />{{small|(27 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Komatsu.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=327–331|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/882 883]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1020|102}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Hanazono2.jpg|100px]]
| Hikohito<br />{{lang|ja|彦仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Hanazono]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後花園天皇}}
| 7 September 1428<br />–<br />21 August 1464<br />{{small|({{ayd|1428|09|07|1464|08|21}})}}
{{hr}}[[Shōchō]], [[Eikyō]], [[Kakitsu]], [[Bun'an]], [[Hōtoku]], [[Kyōtoku]], [[Kōshō]], [[Chōroku]], [[Kanshō]]
| 10 July 1419<br />–<br />18 January 1471<br />{{small|(51 years)}}
{{hr}}Great-grandson of Northern Emperor Sukō; third cousin of Emperor Shōkō. Abdicated. Traditional dates used.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=331–351|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252 252]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1030|103}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg|100px]]
| Fusahito<br />{{lang|ja|成仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後土御門天皇}}
| 21 August 1464<br />–<br />21 October 1500<br />{{small|({{ayd|1464|08|21|1500|10|21}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kanshō]], [[Bunshō]], [[Ōnin]], [[Bunmei]], [[Chōkyō]], [[Entoku]], [[Meiō]]
| 3 July 1442<br />–<br />21 October 1500<br />{{small|(58 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Hanazono. [[Ōnin War]] led to the start of the [[Sengoku period]].'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=352–364|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/264 265]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1040|104}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Kashiwabara.jpg|100px]]
| Katsuhito<br />{{lang|ja|勝仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Kashiwabara]]'''{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Emperor Go-Kanmu'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|後柏原天皇}}
| 16 November 1500<br />–<br />18 May 1526<br />{{small|({{ayd|1500|11|16|1526|05|18}})}}
{{hr}}[[Meiō]], [[Bunki]], [[Daiei (era)|Daiei]]
| 19 November 1462<br />–<br />18 May 1526<br />{{small|(63 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. Imperial rule in the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] reached its lowest point in his reign.{{sfn|Titsingh|pp=364–372}}
|-
| {{sort|1050|105}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Nara.jpg|100px]]
| Tomohito<br />{{lang|ja|知仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Nara]]'''{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Emperor Go-Heizei'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|後奈良天皇}}
| 9 June 1526<br />–<br />27 September 1557<br />{{small|({{ayd|1526|06|09|1557|09|27}})}}
{{hr}}[[Daiei (era)|Daiei]], [[Kyōroku]], [[Tenbun]], [[Kōji (Muromachi period)|Kōji]]
| 26 January 1495<br />–<br />27 September 1557<br />{{small|(62 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara.{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=372–382|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256 257]}}
|-
| {{sort|1060|106}}
| [[File:Emperor Ogimachi.jpg|100px]]
| Michihito<br />{{lang|ja|方仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Ōgimachi]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|正親町天皇}}
| 17 November 1557<br />–<br />17 December 1586<br />{{small|({{ayd|1557|11|17|1586|12|17}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kōji (Muromachi period)|Kōji]], [[Eiroku]], [[Genki (era)|Genki]], [[Tenshō (Momoyama period)|Tenshō]]
| 18 June 1517<br />–<br />6 February 1593<br />{{small|(75 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Nara. [[Ashikaga shogunate]] overthrown by [[Oda Nobunaga]]. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=382–402|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/738 739]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1070|107}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Yozei3.jpg|100px]]
| Katahito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Kazuhito''' (和仁).}}<br />{{lang|ja|周仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Yōzei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後陽成天皇}}
| 17 December 1586<br />–<br />9 May 1611<br />{{small|({{ayd|1586|12|17|1611|05|09}})}}
{{hr}}[[Tenshō (Momoyama period)|Tenshō]], [[Bunroku]], [[Keichō]]
| 31 December 1571<br />–<br />25 September 1617<br />{{small|(45 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Ōgimachi. [[Tokugawa shogunate]] established. [[Sengoku period]] ended.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=402–409|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/264 265]}}'''
|}

===[[Edo period]] (1603–1868)===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|1080|108}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Mizunoo3.jpg|100px]]
| Kotohito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Masahito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|政仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]]'''{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Emperor Go-Minoo''' or '''Emperor Go-Seiwa'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|後水尾天皇}}
| 9 May 1611<br />–<br />22 December 1629<br />{{small|({{ayd|1611|05|09|1629|12|22}})}}
{{hr}}[[Keichō]], [[Genna]], [[Kan'ei]]
| 29 June 1596<br />–<br />11 September 1680<br />{{small|(84 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Yōzei. Japan implements [[Sakoku|isolationist policy]]. [[Purple Robe Incident]] led to his abdication.{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=410–411|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256 256]}}
|-
| {{sort|1090|109}}
| [[File:Meisho of Japan.jpg|100px]]
| Okiko<br />{{lang|ja|興子}}
| '''[[Empress Meishō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|明正天皇}}
| 22 December 1629<br />–<br />14 November 1643<br />{{small|({{ayd|1629|12|22|1643|11|14}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kan'ei]]
| 9 January 1624<br />–<br />4 December 1696<br />{{small|(72 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=411–412|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/624 625]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1100|110}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Kōmyō.jpg|100px]]
| Tsuguhito<br />{{lang|ja|紹仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Kōmyō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後光明天皇}}
| 14 November 1643<br />–<br />30 October 1654<br />{{small|({{ayd|1643|11|14|1654|10|30}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kan'ei]], [[Shōhō]], [[Keian]], [[Jōō (Edo period)|Jōō]]
| 20 April 1633<br />–<br />30 October 1654<br />{{small|(21 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Mizunoo; younger half-brother of Empress Meishō.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=412–413|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256 256]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1110|111}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Sai.jpg|100px]]
| Nagahito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Yoshihito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|良仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Sai]]'''{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Emperor Go-Saiin''' (後西院天皇) or '''Emperor Go-Junna'''.}}<br/>{{lang|ja|後西天皇}}
| 5 January 1655<br />–<br />5 March 1663<br />{{small|({{ayd|1655|01|05|1663|03|05}})}}
{{hr}}[[Jōō (Edo period)|Jōō]], [[Meireki]], [[Manji (era)|Manji]], [[Kanbun (era)|Kanbun]]
| 1 January 1638<br />–<br />22 March 1685<br />{{small|(47 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Mizunoo; younger half-brother of Empress Meishō and Emperor Go-Kōmyō. Abdicated.{{sfn|Titsingh|p=413}}
|-
| {{sort|1120|112}}
| [[File:Emperor Reigen.jpg|100px]]
| Satohito<br />{{lang|ja|識仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Reigen]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|霊元天皇}}
| 5 March 1663<br />–<br />2 May 1687<br />{{small|({{ayd|1663|03|05|1687|05|02}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kanbun (era)|Kanbun]], [[Enpō]], [[Tenna]], [[Jōkyō]]
| 9 July 1654<br />–<br />24 September 1732<br />{{small|(78 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Go-Mizunoo. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=414–415|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/784 785]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1130|113}}
| [[File:Emperor Higashiyama.jpg|100px]]
| Asahito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Tomohito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|朝仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Higashiyama]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|東山天皇}}
| 2 May 1687<br />–<br />27 July 1709<br />{{small|({{ayd|1687|05|02|1709|07|27}})}}
{{hr}}[[Jōkyō]], [[Genroku]], [[Hōei]]
| 21 October 1675<br />–<br />16 January 1710<br />{{small|(34 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Reigen. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=415–416|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/310 310]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1140|114}}
| [[File:Emperor Nakamikado.jpg|100px]]
| Yasuhito{{Efn-lr|Also known as '''Yoshihito'''.}}<br />{{lang|ja|慶仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Nakamikado]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|中御門天皇}}
| 27 July 1709<br />–<br />13 April 1735<br />{{small|({{ayd|1709|07|27|1735|04|13}})}}
{{hr}}[[Hōei]], [[Shōtoku (era)|Shōtoku]], [[Kyōhō]]
| 14 January 1702<br />–<br />10 May 1737<br />{{small|(35 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Higashiyama. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=416–417|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/690 690]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1150|115}}
| [[File:Emperor Sakuramachi.jpg|100px]]
| Teruhito<br />{{lang|ja|昭仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Sakuramachi]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|桜町天皇}}
| 13 April 1735<br />–<br />9 June 1747<br />{{small|({{ayd|1735|04|13|1747|06|09}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kyōhō]], [[Genbun]], [[Kanpō]], [[Enkyō (Edo period)|Enkyō]]
| 8 February 1720<br />–<br />28 May 1750<br />{{small|(30 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Nakamikado. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=417–418|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/814 814]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1160|116}}
| [[File:Emperor Momozono.jpg|100px]]
| Tōhito<br />{{lang|ja|遐仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Momozono]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|桃園天皇}}
| 9 June 1747<br />–<br />1762<br />{{small|(14–15 years)}}
{{hr}}[[Enkyō (Edo period)|Enkyō]], [[Kan'en]], [[Hōreki]]
| 14 April 1741<br />–<br />31 August 1762<br />{{small|(21 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Sakuramachi. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=418–419|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/656 656]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1170|117}}
| [[File:Empress Go-Sakuramachi.jpg|100px]]
| Toshiko<br />{{lang|ja|智子}}
| '''[[Empress Go-Sakuramachi]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後桜町天皇}}
| 15 September 1762<br />–<br />9 January 1771<br />{{small|({{ayd|1762|09|15|1771|01|09}})}}
{{hr}}[[Hōreki]], [[Meiwa]]
| 23 September 1740<br />–<br />24 December 1813<br />{{small|(73 years)}}
{{hr}}Daughter of Emperor Sakuramachi; younger sister of Emperor Momozono. Abdicated.'''{{sfn|Titsingh|p=419}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1180|118}}
| [[File:Emperor Go-Momozono.jpg|100px]]
| Hidehito<br />{{lang|ja|英仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Go-Momozono]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|後桃園天皇}}
| 9 January 1771<br />–<br />16 December 1779<br />{{small|({{ayd|1771|01|09|1779|12|16}})}}
{{hr}}[[Meiwa]], [[An'ei]]
| 5 August 1758<br />–<br />16 December 1779<br />{{small|(21 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Momozono; nephew of Empress Go-Sakuramachi.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=419–420|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256 257]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1190|119}}
| [[File:Emperor Kōkaku.jpg|100px]]
| Morohito<br />{{lang|ja|師仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōkaku]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|光格天皇}}
| 16 December 1779<br />–<br />7 May 1817<br />{{small|({{ayd|1779|12|16|1817|05|07}})}}
{{hr}}[[An'ei]], [[Tenmei]], [[Kansei]], [[Kyōwa]], [[Bunka]]
| 23 September 1771<br />–<br />11 December 1840<br />{{small|(69 years)}}
{{hr}}Great-grandson of Emperor Higashiyama; cousin and adopted son of Emperor Go-Momozono. Abdicated.'''{{sfnm|1a1=Titsingh|1pp=420–421|2a1=Nussbaum|2p=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/546 546]}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1200|120}}
| [[File:Emperor Ninkō.jpg|100px]]
| Ayahito<br />{{lang|ja|恵仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Ninkō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|仁孝天皇}}
| 7 May 1817<br />–<br />21 February 1846<br />{{small|({{ayd|1817|05|07|1846|02|21}})}}
{{hr}}[[Bunka]], [[Bunsei]], [[Tenpō]], [[Kōka]]
| 16 March 1800<br />–<br />21 February 1846<br />{{small|(45 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōkaku.'''{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/716 "Ninkō Tennō"], p. 716}}'''
|-
| {{sort|1210|121}}
| [[File:Emperor Komei Portrait by Koyama Shotaro 1902.png|100px]]
| Osahito<br />{{lang|ja|統仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Kōmei]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|孝明天皇}}
| 10 March 1846<br />–<br />30 January 1867<br />{{small|({{ayd|1846|03|10|1867|01|30}})}}
{{hr}}[[Kōka]], [[Kaei]], [[Ansei]], [[Man'en]], [[Bunkyū]], [[Genji (era)|Genji]], [[Keiō]]
| 22 July 1831<br />–<br />30 January 1867<br />{{small|(35 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Ninkō. Reigned during the [[Bakumatsu]] period during which Japan ended its [[Sakoku|isolationist policy]] and changed from Tokugawa rule to Imperial rule. Last instance of an emperor with multiple [[Japanese era name|era names]].{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/553 "Kōmei Tennō"], p. 553}}
|}

===Modern Japan (since 1867)===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" | {{nowrap|[[Posthumous name]]}}
! scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable" | Reign and [[Japanese era name|era names]]{{sfn|Imperial Household Agency}}{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater "Traditional Order of Tennō"], p. 962}}
! scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| {{sort|1220|122}}
| [[File:Black and white portrait of emperor Meiji of Japan.jpg|100px]]
| Mutsuhito<br />{{lang|ja|睦仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Meiji]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|明治天皇}}
| 30 January 1867<br />–<br />30 July 1912<br />{{small|({{ayd|1867|01|30|1912|07|30}})}}
{{hr}}[[Keiō]], [[Meiji era|Meiji]]
| 3 November 1852<br />–<br />30 July 1912<br />{{small|(Aged 59)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōmei. Ended the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] with the [[Meiji Restoration]] (3 January 1868). First emperor of the [[Empire of Japan]].{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/624 "Meiji Tennō"], p. 624}}<ref name="HDJFP">{{cite book |last1=Shimamoto |first1=Mayako |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g8PyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |title=Historical Dictionary of Japanese Foreign Policy |last2=Ito |first2=Koji |last3=Sugita |first3=Yoneyuki |date=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781442250673 |pages=70–73}}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|1230|123}}
| [[File:Emperor Taishō (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]
| Yoshihito<br />{{lang|ja|嘉仁}}
| '''[[Emperor Taishō]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|大正天皇}}
| 30 July 1912<br />–<br />25 December 1926<br />{{small|({{ayd|1912|07|30|1926|12|25}})}}
{{hr}}[[Taishō era|Taishō]]
| 31 August 1879<br />–<br />25 December 1926<br />{{small|(Aged 47)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Meiji. [[Taishō Democracy]] shifted political power from the [[genrō]] to the Imperial Diet and political parties. His eldest son, Crown Prince Hirohito, served as ''[[Sesshō and Kampaku|Sesshō]]'' ({{lang|ja|摂政}}; "Regent") from 1921 to 1926 because of Taishō's illness.<ref name="HDJFP" />{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/318 "Taishō Tennō"], p. 929}}
|-
| {{sort|1240|124}}
| [[File:Hirohito in dress uniform (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]
| Hirohito<br />{{lang|ja|裕仁}}
| '''[[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|昭和天皇}}
| 25 December 1926<br />–<br />[[Death and state funeral of Hirohito|7 January 1989]]<br />{{small|({{ayd|1926|12|25|1989|01|07}})}}
{{hr}}[[Shōwa era|Shōwa]]
| 29 April 1901<br />–<br />7 January 1989<br />{{small|(Aged 87)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Taishō. Served as ''Sesshō'' from 1921 to 1926. Last emperor of the [[Empire of Japan]]. Reign saw [[World War II]] and [[Japanese economic miracle|post-war economic miracle]]. Longest reigning verifiable emperor.<ref name="HDJFP" />{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/318 "Hirohito"], p. 318}}
|-
| {{sort|1250|125}}
| [[File:Emperor Akihito (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Akihito]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|明仁}}
| ''Living''<!--'''[[Akihito|Emperor Heisei]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|平成天皇}}-->
| 7 January 1989<br />–<br />[[2019 Japanese imperial transition|30 April 2019]]<br />{{small|({{ayd|1989|01|07|2019|04|30}})}}
{{hr}}[[Heisei era|Heisei]]
| born 23 December 1933<br />{{small|(Age {{Age|23 December 1933}})}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Shōwa. Abdicated and later referred to as {{Nowrap|''[[Daijō Tennō|Jōkō]]''}} ({{lang|ja|上皇}}; {{Nowrap|"Emperor Emeritus"}}). Longest living verifiable emperor.{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/19 "Akihito"], p. 19}}
|-
| {{sort|1260|126}}
| [[File:Emperor Naruhito 201905 (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Naruhito]]'''<br />{{lang|ja|徳仁}}
| ''Living''<!--'''[[Naruhito|Emperor Reiwa]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|令和天皇}}-->
| [[2019 Japanese imperial transition|1 May 2019]]<br />–<br />''present''<br />{{small|({{ayd|2019|05|01}})}}
{{hr}}[[Reiwa era|Reiwa]]
| born 23 February 1960<br />{{small|(Age {{Age|23 February 1960}})}}
{{hr}}Son of Akihito. Referred to as {{Nowrap|''[[Reigning Emperor|Kinjō Tennō]]''}} ({{Nowrap|{{lang|ja|今上天皇}}}}; "the Reigning Emperor") or {{Nowrap|''[[Emperor of Japan#Reference and naming|Tennō Heika]]''}} ({{Nowrap|{{lang|ja|天皇陛下}}}}; "His Majesty the Emperor").<ref name="Nikkei-20190430">{{cite web |title=Japan's Emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Japan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication |access-date=30 April 2019 |website=Nikkei Asian Review}}</ref>{{sfn|Nussbaum|loc=[https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/699 "Naruhito"], p. 699}}
|}

==Posthumously recognized individuals==
This is a list of individuals who did not reign as emperor during their lifetime but were later recognized as Japanese emperors posthumously.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" | Portrait
! scope="col" width="200px" | [[Japanese name|Personal name]]
! scope="col" width="200px" | [[Posthumous name]]
! scope="col" width="180px" class="unsortable" | Year recognized
! scope="col" width="320px" class="unsortable" | Life details
|-
| [[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Prince Kusakabe]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|草壁皇子}}
| '''Emperor Oka'''<br/>{{lang|ja|岡宮天皇}}
| 759
| 662–689<br />{{small|(27 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Tenmu; husband of Empress Genmei; father of Emperor Monmu and Empress Genshō. Made crown prince in 681; heir to Emperor Tenmu. Died prior to acceding the throne following Emperor Tenmu's death.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Man'yoshu and the imperial imagination in early Japan|last=Duthie|first=Torquil|isbn=9789004251717|location=Leiden|oclc=864366334|year=2014|page=372|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa62AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA372}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:岡宮天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B2%A1%E5%AE%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-1062175|website=[[Kotobank]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Prince Toneri.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Prince Toneri]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|舎人親王}}
| '''Emperor Sudōjinkei'''<br/>{{lang|ja|崇道尽敬皇帝}}
| 759
| 676–735<br />{{small|(59 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Tenmu; half-brother of Prince Kusakabe; father of Emperor Junnin.{{sfn|Brown|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gNzuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272 272]}}<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:崇道尽敬皇帝 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E5%B0%BD%E6%95%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D-1084424|website=[[Kotobank]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Prince Shiki]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|志貴皇子}}
| '''Emperor Kasuga'''<br/>{{lang|ja|春日宮天皇}}
| 770
| died 716
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Tenji; half-brother of Emperor Tenmu, Empress Jitō, Empress Genmei and Emperor Kōbun; father of Emperor Kōnin; half-uncle of Prince Kusakabe and Prince Toneri.<ref name=Ponsonby/><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:春日宮天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E5%AE%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-1065247|website=[[Kotobank]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Prince Sawara]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|早良親王}}
| '''Emperor Sudō'''<br/>{{lang|ja|崇道天皇}}
| 800
| 750–785<br />{{small|(35 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Kōnin; younger brother of Emperor Kanmu. Made crown prince in 781. Implicated in the assassination of [[Fujiwara no Tanetsugu]]. Died on the way to exile.<ref name=Ponsonby>{{cite book|last=Ponsonby-Fane|first=Richard|year=1959|title=The Imperial House of Japan|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=Shiki+%2B+tenno 61], [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sawara%22+%2B+%22emperor%22 459], [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Masahito 469]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:崇道天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-84295|website=[[Kotobank]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Prince Sanehito.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Prince Masahito]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|誠仁親王}}
| '''Yōkōin'''<br/>{{lang|ja|陽光院}}
| Before 1611
| 1552–1586<br />{{small|(34 years)}}
{{hr}}Son of Emperor Emperor Ōgimachi; father of Emperor Go-Yōzei. Posthumously recognized as emperor by Emperor Go-Yōzei.<ref name=Ponsonby/><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:陽光院 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E9%99%A2-1119121|website=[[Kotobank]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:The prince Sukehito Kanninn.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Sukehito, Prince Kan'in]]'''<br/>{{lang|ja|閑院宮典仁親王}}
| '''Emperor Kyōkō'''<br/>{{lang|ja|慶光天皇}}
| 1884
| 1733–1794<br />{{small|(61 years)}}
{{hr}}Grandson of Emperor Higashiyama; father of Emperor Kōkaku.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shillony|first=Ben-Ami|author-link=Ben-Ami Shillony|title=Enigma of the Emperors: Sacred Subservience in Japanese History|year=2021|page=93|publisher=BRILL |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VM5GEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|isbn=9789004213999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:慶光天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%85%B6%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-52612|website=[[Kotobank]]}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[Empress of Japan]]
** [[Empress of Japan#List of empresses consort|List of empresses consort of Japan]]
* [[Sesshō and Kampaku]]
* [[Shogun]]
** [[List of shoguns]]
* [[Prime Minister of Japan]]
** [[List of prime ministers of Japan]]
* [[Family tree of Japanese monarchs]]
* [[Princess Iitoyo]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist-lr}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|20em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite web|date=2011|title=Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan|website=[[Imperial Household Agency]]|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106213919/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf |archive-date=2011-01-06 |ref=CITEREFImperial Household Agency}}
* {{cite book|last=Ackroyd|first=Joyce A.|author-link=Joyce Ackroyd|date=1982|title=Lessons from History: the Tokushi yoron|trans-title=[[Tokushi Yoron]]|publisher=[[University of Queensland Press]]|location=Brisbane|isbn=9780702214851|oclc=157026188|url=https://archive.org/details/lessonsfromhisto0000arai|ref={{sfnref|Ackroyd}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Aston|first=William G.|author-link=William George Aston|date=1896|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697|trans-title=[[Nihon Shoki]]|publisher=[[The Japan Society of the UK]]|location=London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC&pg=RA1-PA109|ref={{sfnref|Aston}}}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Brown|editor-first1=Delmer M.|editor-last2=Ichirō|editor-first2=Ishida|editor-link1=Delmer Brown|date=1979|title=The Future and the Past: A Translation and Study of the Gukansho, an Interpretative History of Japan written in 1219|trans-title=[[Gukanshō]]|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520034600|oclc=251325323|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA248|ref={{sfnref|Brown}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Nussbaum|first=Louis Frédéric|author-link=Louis Frédéric|date=2002|title=Japan Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674017535|ref={{sfnref|Nussbaum}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Titsingh|first=Isaac|author-link=Isaac Titsingh|date=1834|title=Annales des empereurs du Japon|publisher=[[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]|trans-title=[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]|location=Paris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1|oclc=5850691|language=French|ref={{sfnref|Titsingh}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Varley|first=H. Paul|author-link=H. Paul Varley|date=1980|title=A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa|trans-title=[[Jinnō Shōtōki]]|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|location=New York|isbn=9780231049405|oclc=59145842|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bh-FQgAACAAJ|ref={{sfnref|Varley}}}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161120104322/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html The Imperial Household Agency]
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16471340 Japan opens imperial tombs for research]

{{Monarchs of Japan}}
{{Japan topics}}
{{Portal bar|History|Japan|Monarchy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emperors Of Japan}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan| ]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Japan]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Asia|Japan]]
[[Category:Japan history-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of office-holders in Japan|Emperors]]
[[Category:Lists of Japanese people by occupation]]