View source for List of regicides of Charles I

{{Short description|None}}

[[File:Death warrant of Charles I.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|alt=Large hand-written document, coloured yellow with age. There is a block of text at the top, and 59 signatures and red wax seals at the bottom|[[Execution warrant]] for [[Charles I of England]], including the [[Seal (emblem)|wax seal]]s of the 59 commissioners{{efn|In 2011 the death warrant for Charles I was added by [[UNESCO]] to the [[UK Memory of the World Register]] ({{harvnb|UKP: Warrant}}; {{harvnb|UNESCO: Register}})}}]]

The '''Regicides of Charles I''' were the men responsible for the [[execution of Charles I]] on 30 January 1649. The term generally refers to the fifty-nine [[commissioner]]s who signed the [[execution warrant]]. This followed his conviction for treason by the [[High Court of Justice for the trial of King Charles I|High Court of Justice]].

After the 1660 [[Stuart Restoration]], the fifty-nine signatories were among a total of 104 individuals accused of direct involvement in the sentencing and execution. They were excluded from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]], which granted a general [[amnesty]] for acts committed during the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] and subsequent [[Interregnum (England)|Interregnum]]. 

''[[Regicide]]'' is not a term recognised in [[English law]], and there is no agreed definition, with some historians including all 104 individuals. Twenty of the fifty-nine Commissioners died before the Restoration, including [[John Bradshaw (judge)|John Bradshaw]], who presided over the trial, and [[Oliver Cromwell]], its originator. Eight of the survivors were executed, sixteen died awaiting trial or later in prison, two were pardoned, and the remainder escaped into exile.

==Background==
{{Infobox UK legislation
|short_title          = Attainder of the Regicides, etc. Act 1660
|type                 = Act
|parliament           = Parliament of England
|long_title           = An Act for the Attainder of severall persons guilty of the horrid Murther of his late Sacred Majestie King Charles the first.
|year                 = 1660
|citation             = [[12 Cha. 2]]. c. 30
|territorial_extent   = [[England and Wales]]
|royal_assent         = 29 December 1660
|commencement         = 29 December 1660{{efn|The [[Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793]].}}
|repeal_date          = 1 January 1970
|replaces             = 
|amends               = 
|amendments           =
|related_legislation  = 
|repealing_legislation= [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969]]
|status               = Repealed
|original_text        = 
}}
[[File:Houghton Portrait File - Charles I of England beheaded.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|alt=refer to caption|Engraving depicting the executioner holding the severed head of [[Charles I of England]]]]

The 1639 to 1651 [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] were fought by [[Cavalier|Royalist]] supporters of Charles I, and an [[Solemn League and Covenant|alliance]] between his [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] and [[Covenanter]] opponents in [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] respectively. Although Royal authority in political and religious matters were key issues, the war was fought primarily over political power and religious authority. Charles was defeated in the 1642 to 1646 [[First English Civil War]] {{sfn|Parker|2001|pp=22–23}} 

In January 1649 [[High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I|a trial court was arranged, composed of 135 commissioners]]. Some were informed beforehand of their summons, and refused to participate, but most were named without their consent being sought. Forty-seven of those named did not appear either in the preliminary closed sessions or the subsequent public trial.{{sfn|Nenner|2004}} At the end of the four-day trial, 67 commissioners stood to signify that they judged Charles I had "traitorously and maliciously levied war against the present Parliament and the people therein represented".<ref>[[wikisource:Articles of Impeachment of King Charles I|Articles of Impeachment of King Charles I]], [[Wikisource]]</ref>{{sfn|Nenner|2004}} Fifty-seven of the commissioners present signed the [[execution warrant|death warrant]]; two further commissioners added their names subsequently. The following day, 30 January, [[Charles I of England#Execution|Charles I was beheaded]] outside the [[Banqueting House, Whitehall|Banqueting House]] in [[Whitehall]];{{sfn|Nenner|2004}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=52–54}} Charles II went into exile.{{sfn|Nenner|2004}} The [[Interregnum (1649–1660)|English monarchy was replaced]] with, at first, the [[Commonwealth of England]] (1649–1653) and then [[the Protectorate]] (1653–1659) under Cromwell's personal rule.{{sfn|Leniham|2008|pp=135–7}}{{sfn|UKP: Civ War}}

[[File:Charles II of England in Coronation robes.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Charles II wearing a crown and ermine-lined cape|Charles II was crowned at [[Westminster Abbey]] on 23 April 1661, following the [[Restoration (England)|Restoration of the monarchy]].]]

Following the death of Cromwell in 1658 a power struggle ensued. General [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle|George Monck]]—who had fought for the King until his capture, but had joined Cromwell during the Interregnum—brought an army down from his base in Scotland and restored order; he arranged for elections to be held in early 1660. He began discussions with Charles II who made the [[Declaration of Breda]]—on Monck's advice—which offered reconciliation, forgiveness, and moderation in religious and political matters. Parliament sent an invitation to Charles to return, accepting the [[Restoration (England)|Restoration of the monarchy]] as the English political form.{{sfn|Parker|2001|p=27}} Charles arrived in [[Dover]] on 25 May 1660 and reached London on 29 May, his 30th birthday.{{sfn|Fraser|2002|p=235}}

===Treatment of the regicides===
In 1660, Parliament passed the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]],{{efn|The [[long title]] of the Act is "An act of free and generall<!--{{sic}}--> pardon indemnity and oblivion",{{harv|Raithby|1819|p=226}}.}} which granted [[amnesty]] to many of those who had supported the Parliament during the Civil War and the Interregnum, although 104 people were specifically excluded. Of those, 49 named individuals and the two unknown executioners were to face a [[capital punishment|capital charge]].{{sfn|Nenner|2004}}{{sfn|Raithby|1819|pp=226–33}} According to [[Howard Nenner]], writing for the ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', Charles would probably have been content with a smaller number to be punished, but Parliament took a strong line.{{sfn|Nenner|2004}}
[[File:Aldersgate Hollar.PNG|thumb|left|An old illustration of the Aldersgate, {{circa}} 1650]]

[[File:Execution of Cromwell, Bradshaw and Ireton, 1661.jpg|thumb|alt=A gallows is in the centre of the image, to its left a large bonfire; a crowd watch.|The execution of the bodies of Cromwell, Bradshaw, and Ireton, from a contemporary print]]

[[File:Oliver Cromwell's head, late 1700s.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=refer to caption |A drawing of [[Oliver Cromwell's head]] on a spike]]

Of those who were listed to receive punishment, 24 had already died, including Cromwell, [[John Bradshaw (judge)|John Bradshaw]], the judge who was president of the court, and [[Henry Ireton]].{{sfn|Nenner|2004}} They were given a [[posthumous execution]]: their remains were exhumed, and they were hanged, beheaded and their remains cast into a pit below the gallows. Their heads were placed on spikes above [[Westminster Hall]], the building where the [[High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I]] had sat.{{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=203–04}} In 1660, six of the commissioners and four others were found guilty of [[regicide]] and executed. One was hanged and nine were [[hanged, drawn and quartered]].

On Monday 15 October 1660, [[Pepys]] records in his diary that "this morning Mr Carew was hanged and quartered at [[Charing Cross]]; but his quarters, by a great favour, are not to be hanged up." Five days later he writes, "I saw the limbs of some of our new traitors set upon [[Aldersgate]], which was a sad sight to see; and a bloody week this and the last have been, there being ten hanged, drawn, and quartered."{{sfn|Pepys|October 1660}} In 1662, three more regicides were hanged, drawn and quartered. Some others were pardoned, while a further nineteen served life imprisonment.{{sfn|Kirby|1999}} Most had their property confiscated and many were banned from holding office or title again in the future.

Twenty-one of those under threat fled Britain, mostly settling in the Netherlands or Switzerland, although some were captured and returned to England, or murdered by Royalist sympathisers. Three of the regicides, [[John Dixwell]], [[Edward Whalley]] and [[William Goffe]], fled to [[New England]], where they avoided capture, despite a search.{{sfn|Nenner|2004}}{{efn|The three are commemorated by three intersecting major avenues in New Haven (Dixwell Avenue, Whalley Avenue, and Goffe Street), and by place names in other Connecticut towns {{harv|Major|2013|p=153}}.}}

Nenner records that there is no agreed definition of who is included in the list of regicides. The Indemnity and Oblivion Act did not use the term either as a definition of the act, or as a label for those involved,{{efn|Nenner writes that "Regicide was a sin, but it was not a crime. In English law it never had been. The government therefore eschewed the word, abandoning the debate over its use to the arena of popular discourse, where the allegations of regicide were trumpeted from the pulpit and elaborated in the press" {{harv|Nenner|2004}}.}} and historians have identified different groups of people as being appropriate for the name.{{sfn|Nenner|2004}}

Shortly after the [[Restoration (Scotland)|Restoration in Scotland]], the Scottish Parliament passed an [[Restoration (Scotland)#General pardon and exceptions|Act of Indemnity and Oblivion]]. It was similar to the English [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]], but there were many more exceptions under the Scottish act than there were under the English one. Most of the Scottish exceptions were [[wiktionary:pecuniary|pecuniary]], and only four men were executed, all for treason but none for regicide, of whom the [[Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll|Marquess of Argyll]] was the most prominent. He was found to be guilty of collaboration with Cromwell's government, and beheaded on 27 May 1661.{{sfn|Macinnes|2007|p=82}}{{sfn|RPS|loc=NAS. PA2/28, f.47–48.}}

==Regicides==

===Commissioners who signed the death warrant===

[[File:Olever Cromwells Cabinet Councell Discoverd.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=refer to caption |Illustration in a satirical book from the 1660s. The devil sits with eleven men: nine regicides and two chaplains who supported the execution of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]. (Oliver Cromwell;John Bradshaw, Thomas Scott, Colonel Thomas Harrison, Colonel John Barkstead, Cornelius Holland, John Jones, John Lisle, William Say, Hugh Peters, [[John Goodwin (preacher)|John Goodwin]]).]]

[[File:Charles I execution, and execution of regicides.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=refer to caption |Anonymous illustration comparing the execution of Charles I with that of the regicides]]

[[File:'t Moordadigh Trevrtoneel (The murderous tragedy); cropped for Cromwell.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=refer to caption |Anonymously printed Dutch pamphlet attacking the beheading of Charles I, showing [[Oliver Cromwell]] with a fox at his shoulder]]

In the order in which they signed the death warrant, the Commissioners were:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ Commissioners whose signatures appeared on the death warrant
|-
! scope="col" | Order<br />{{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=329–34}}{{Sfn|McIntosh|1981}}
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | At the Restoration
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1
| {{sort|Bradshaw|[[John Bradshaw (judge)|John Bradshaw]]}}, President of the Court
| Dead
| [[Posthumous execution]]: disinterred, hanged at [[Tyburn]] and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of [[Westminster Hall]], facing the direction of the spot where [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] had been executed.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Kelsey|2008}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=203–04}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2
| {{sort|Grey|[[Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby|Lord Grey of Groby]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1657
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Bradley|2008}}
|-
! scope="row" | 3
| {{sort|Cromwell|[[Oliver Cromwell]]}}
| Dead
| [[Posthumous execution]]: disinterred, hanged at [[Tyburn]] and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of [[Westminster Hall]], facing the direction of the spot where [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] had been executed.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=203–04}}
|-
! scope="row" | 4
| {{sort|Whalley|[[Edward Whalley]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to the [[New Haven Colony]] with a co-commissioner, his son-in-law [[William Goffe]], to avoid trial. He was alive but in poor health in 1674, where he was sought by the agents of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] but shielded by the sympathetic colonists. He probably died in 1675.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Durston|2008a}}{{sfn|Noble|1798b|pp=328–29}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=290}}
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| {{sort|Livesey|[[Michael Livesey|Sir Michael Livesey]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to the Netherlands. In June 1665, he was known to be at Rotterdam, and probably died there shortly afterwards.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2008a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 6
| {{sort|Okey|[[John Okey]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to Germany, but was arrested by the English Ambassador to the Netherlands, [[Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet|Sir George Downing]]. He was tried, found guilty and hanged, drawn and quartered in April 1662.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Durston|2015}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=223}}
|-
! scope="row" | 7
| {{sort|Danvers|[[John Danvers|Sir John Danvers]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1655
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Kelsey|2009}}
|-
! scope="row" | 8
| {{sort|Bourchier|[[John Bourchier (regicide)|Sir John Bourchier]] }}
| Alive
| Too ill to be tried and died in 1660
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Scott|2008}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=197–98}}
|-
! scope="row" | 9
| {{sort|Ireton|[[Henry Ireton]]}}
| Dead
| [[Posthumous execution]]: disinterred, hanged at [[Tyburn]] and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of [[Westminster Hall]], facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=203–04}}{{sfn|Gentles|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 10
| {{sort|Mauleverer|[[Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Mauleverer]]}}
| Dead
| Died 1655, but was exempted from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Hopper|2011}}
|-
! scope="row" | 11
| {{sort|Waller|[[Hardress Waller|Sir Hardress Waller]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to France; later returned and was found guilty. Sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Died 1666 in prison on Jersey.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Little|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 12
| {{sort|Blakiston|[[John Blakiston]]}}
| Dead
| Died 1649
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2008b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 13
| {{sort|Hutchinson|[[John Hutchinson (Roundhead)|John Hutchinson]]}}
| Alive
| Pardoned in 1660, but was implicated in the 1663 [[Farnley Wood Plot]]; he was imprisoned in [[Sandown Castle, Kent]] where he died on 11 September 1664.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=330}}
|-
! scope="row" | 14
| {{sort|Goffe|[[William Goffe]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to the [[New Haven Colony]] with a co-commissioner, his father-in-law [[Edward Whalley]]; escaped from being arrested in 1678. ''Burke's Peerage'' reports that William Goffe died in New Haven, Ct in 1680.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RVggAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA855 ''Burke's Peerage'' p.855]</ref>
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Durston|2008b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 15
| {{sort|Pride|[[Thomas Pride]]}}
| Dead
| Died 1658. [[Posthumous execution]] alongside Cromwell, Ireton and Bradshaw was ordered but not carried out
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Gentles|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 16
| {{sort|Temple|[[Peter Temple (regicide)|Peter Temple]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, sentenced to death but sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He died in the [[Tower of London]] in 1663
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=323}}
|-
! scope="row" | 17
| {{sort|Harrison|[[Thomas Harrison (soldier)|Thomas Harrison]]}}
| Alive
| First to be found guilty. Was hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] on 13 October 1660. He was a leader of the [[Fifth Monarchists]], who still posed a threat to the Restoration.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=221–22, 235}}
|-
! scope="row" | 18
| {{sort|Hewson|[[John Hewson (regicide)|John Hewson]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to Amsterdam, then possibly Rouen. He died in one of those cities in either 1662 or 1663.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Durston|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 19
| {{sort|Smith|[[Henry Smith (regicide)|Henry Smith]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, sentenced to death but sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He was held in the [[Tower of London]] until 1664 and was transported to [[Mont Orgueil]] castle in [[Jersey]]. Died 1668.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=323}}
|-
! scope="row" | 20
| {{sort|Pelham|[[Peregrine Pelham|Sir Peregrine Pelham]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1650.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Hopper|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 21
| {{sort|Deane|[[Richard Deane (regicide)|Richard Deane]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1653. Disinterred and buried in a communal pit.
| style="text-align: center;" |  {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=331}}
|-
! scope="row" | 22
| {{sort|Tichborne|[[Robert Tichborne|Sir Robert Tichborne]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, sentenced to death but was reprieved. He spent the rest of his life imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]]. Died 1682.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Lindley|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 23
| {{sort|Edwards|[[Humphrey Edwards]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1658
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Goodwin|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 24
| {{sort|Blagrave|[[Daniel Blagrave]] }}
| Alive
| Fled to [[Aachen]] — now in Germany — where he probably died in 1668
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 25
| {{sort|Rowe|[[Owen Rowe]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, sentenced to death, but died in the [[Tower of London]] in December 1661 while awaiting execution.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jarvis|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 26
| {{sort|Purefoy|[[William Purefoy]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1659
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Hughes|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 27
| {{sort|Scrope|[[Adrian Scrope]]}}
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty: hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] on 17 October 1660
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Wroughton|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 28
| {{sort|Temple|[[James Temple]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, sentenced to life imprisonment on [[Jersey]]; he is reported to have died there on 17 February 1680.{{sfn|Syvert|Stevens|1981|p=148}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 29
| {{sort|Garland|[[Augustine Garland]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He died in or after 1677.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Firth|Kelsey|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 30
| {{sort|Ludlow|[[Edmund Ludlow]]}}
| Alive
| Surrendered to the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]], and then escaped to [[Vevey]] in the [[Canton of Bern]]. Died 1692.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Firth|Worden|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 31
| {{sort|Marten|[[Henry Marten (regicide)|Henry Marten]]}}
| Alive
| Tried and found guilty. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in [[Chepstow Castle]] in 1680.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Barber|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 32
| {{sort|Potter|[[Vincent Potter]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial, he received the death sentence but it was not carried out; he died in the [[Tower of London]], probably in 1661.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Hopper|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 33
| {{sort|Constable|[[Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1655. His body was exhumed from [[Westminster Abbey]] and reburied in a communal burial pit.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Scott|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 34
| {{sort|Ingoldsby|[[Richard Ingoldsby|Sir Richard Ingoldsby]]}}
| Alive
| Assisted General Monck during [[Stuart Restoration|Restoration]]. Pardoned. Died 1685.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Venning|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | 35
| {{sort|Cawley|[[William Cawley]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped to Switzerland, where he died in 1667
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=298}}
|-
! scope="row" | 36
| {{sort|Barkstead|[[John Barkstead]]}}
| Alive
| Arrested by the English ambassador to the Netherlands, [[Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet|Sir George Downing]], extradited and executed in 1662
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Durston|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 37
| {{sort|Ewer|[[Isaac Ewer]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1650 or 1651
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Noble|1798a|pp=204–05}}
|-
! scope="row" | 38
| {{sort|Dixwell|[[John Dixwell]]}}
| Alive
| Believed dead in England, he fled to the [[New Haven Colony]], where he died in 1689 under an assumed name.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004c}}
|-
! scope="row" | 39
| {{sort|Walton|[[Valentine Walton]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped to Germany after being condemned as a regicide. Died in 1661.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Firth|2007}}
|-
! scope="row" | 40
| {{sort|Mayne|[[Simon Mayne]]}}
| Alive
| Tried and sentenced to death, he died in the [[Tower of London]] in 1661 before his appeal could be heard.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=242}}
|-
! scope="row" | 41
| {{sort|Horton|[[Thomas Horton (soldier)|Thomas Horton]]}}
| Dead
| Died of [[dysentery]] in 1649 while serving with [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]] during the [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland|conquest of Ireland]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Denton|2010}}
|-
! scope="row" | 42
| {{sort|Maesygarnedd|[[John Jones Maesygarnedd]]}}
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty: hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] on 17 October 1660
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Roberts|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 43
| {{sort|Moore|[[John Moore (regicide)|John Moore]]}}
| Dead
| In 1649, Moore fought in Ireland against the [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde|Marquess of Ormonde]] and became Governor of Dublin, dying of a fever there in 1650.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Gratton|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 44
| {{sort|Millington|[[Gilbert Millington]]}}
| Alive
| Tried and sentenced to death, but sentence commuted to life imprisonment. Millington spent his final years in [[Jersey]] and died in 1666.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Greaves|2008}}
|-
! scope="row" | 45
| {{sort|Fleetwood|[[George Fleetwood (regicide)|George Fleetwood]]}}
| Alive
| Brought to trial and sentenced to imprisonment in the [[Tower of London]]. He may have been transported to [[Tangier]]. Died {{circa|1672}}.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Durston|2004c}}
|-
! scope="row" | 46
| {{sort|Alured|[[John Alured]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1651
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Scott|2004c}}
|-
! scope="row" | 47
| {{sort|Lilburne|[[Robert Lilburne]]}}
| Alive
| Tried in October 1660 and sentenced to death, although this was later commuted to life imprisonment. Died in prison in August 1665.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Coward|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 48
| {{sort|Say|[[William Say (MP for Camelford)|William Say]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped to Switzerland. Died 1666.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004d}}
|-
! scope="row" | 49
| {{sort|Stapley|[[Anthony Stapley]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1655
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Porter|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 50
| {{sort|Norton|[[Sir Gregory Norton, 1st Baronet]]}}
| Dead
| Died 1652
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004e}}
|-
! scope="row" | 51
| {{sort|Challoner|[[Thomas Chaloner (regicide)|Thomas Chaloner]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped, and died at Middelburg in the Netherlands in 1661.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Scott|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 52
| {{sort|Wogan|[[Thomas Wogan]]}}
| Alive
| Held at [[York Castle]] until 1664 when he escaped to the Netherlands; still alive in 1666
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004f}}
|-
! scope="row" | 53
| {{sort|Venn|[[John Venn (politician)|John Venn]]}}
| Dead
| Died in 1650
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Lindley|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 54
| {{sort|Clement|[[Gregory Clement]]}}
| Alive
| Went into hiding, he was captured, tried and found guilty. He was hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] on 17 October 1660.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004g}}
|-
! scope="row" | 55
| {{sort|Downes|[[John Downes (regicide)|John Downes]]}}
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. Died 1666.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|Roots|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | 56
| {{sort|Waite|[[Thomas Waite (regicide)|Thomas Waite]]}}
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty of regicide, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Died 1688 Jersey
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Hopper|2004c}}
|-
! scope="row" | 57
| {{sort|Scot|[[Thomas Scot]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to Brussels, returned to England, was tried, found guilty; and hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] on 17 October 1660. Died unrepentant.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Firth|Kelsey|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | 58
| {{sort|Carew|[[John Carew (regicide)|John Carew]]}}
| Alive
| Joined [[Fifth Monarchists]]. Tried, found guilty; and hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] on 15 October 1660.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004h}}
|-
! scope="row" | 59
| {{sort|Corbet|[[Miles Corbet]]}}
| Alive
| Fled to the [[Netherlands]]; arrested by the English ambassador to the Netherlands [[Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet|Sir George Downing]]; extradited; tried; found guilty; and was hanged, drawn and quartered on 19 April 1662.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Barber|2004b}}
|}

===Commissioners who did not sign===

[[File:Scutum Regale, The Royal Buckler.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Five images showing scenes from 1. The House of Lords; 2. The House of Commons; 3. The bishops looking at the book of common prayer; 4. The traitors being executed; 5. Their associates being dismissed|Frontispiece to Giles Duncombe's ''Scutum Regale'', 1660, showing scenes representing the Restoration of the English monarchy]]

The following Commissioners sat on one or more days at the trial but did not sign the death warrant:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+ The commissioners who did not sign
|-
! scope="col" | Name{{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=334–35}}{{sfn|Raithby|1819|pp=226–34}}
! scope="col" | At the Restoration
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Allen|[[Francis Allen (regicide)|Francis Allen]]}}
| Dead
| Attended several sessions including 27 January when the sentence was agreed upon. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]] 1660 (section XXXVII of the act).
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|McIntosh|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Andrewes|[[Thomas Andrewes|Sir Thomas Andrewes]] (or Andrews)}}
| Dead
| Attended three sessions, including 27 January when the sentence was agreed upon. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]] 1660 (section XXXVII of the act).
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|McIntosh|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Hammond|[[Thomas Hammond (regicide)|Thomas Hammond]]}}
| Dead
| Attended 14 sessions. He was excepted from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]], allowing the state to confiscate the property that had belonged to him (section XXXVII of the act).
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Aylmer|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Harrington|[[Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped and died in exile on the European mainland in 1680. 
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Kelsey|2004a}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|harvey|[[Edmund Harvey]]}}
| Alive
| He was tried in October 1660, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in [[Pendennis Castle]], Cornwall, in June 1673.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Roots|Wynne|2013}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Heveningham|[[William Heveningham]]}}
| Alive
| Found guilty of treason but successfully petitioned for mercy and was thereafter imprisoned in [[Windsor Castle]] until his death in 1678
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Hollis|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Holland|[[Cornelius Holland (regicide)|Cornelius Holland]]}}
| Alive
| He fled to the Netherlands, then on to Lausanne and Vevey where he died, probably in 1671.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Peacey|2004i}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Lisle|[[John Lisle|Sir John Lisle]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped to [[Lausanne]], Switzerland but was shot or stabbed by the Irish Royalist [[James Fitz Edmond Cotter]] (using the alias Thomas Macdonnell) in August 1664.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Venning|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Love|[[Nicholas Love]]}}
| Alive
| Escaped to [[Hamburg]]. Died in Vevey, Switzerland in 1682.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Kelsey|2004b}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Pennington|[[Isaac Penington (Lord Mayor)|Isaac Penington]]}}
| Alive
| Sentenced to life imprisonment and died in the [[Tower of London]] in 1661
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Lindley|2004c}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Chaloner|[[James Chaloner]] (or Challoner)}}
| Alive
| Brother of [[Thomas Chaloner (regicide)|Thomas Chaloner]]. He died in July 1660 from an illness caught after being imprisoned the previous year for supporting [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle|General Monck]].
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Scott|2004d}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Dove|[[John Dove]]}}
| Alive
| He took no part in the trial other than being present when the sentence was agreed. At the Restoration he was contrite and, after making an abject submission to Parliament, he was allowed to depart unpunished. Died 1664 or 1665.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Goodwin|Warmington|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Fry|[[John Fry (regicide)|John Fry]]}}
| Dead
| He was debarred from sitting on the High Court for [[heterodoxy]] on 26 January 1649, one day before the sentence was pronounced. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]] in 1660. Died 1657.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Pfanner|2004}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Mildmay|[[Henry Mildmay|Sir Henry Mildmay]]}}
| Alive
| Tried, stripped of his knighthood and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died either at Antwerp in 1664/65 while being exiled to [[Tangier]],or at Tangier in 1668.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=245–46}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Monson|[[William Monson, 1st Viscount Monson|William Mounson, 1st Viscount Monson]]}}
| Alive
| Tried, stripped of his titles and property and imprisoned for life in the [[Fleet Prison]] where he died in 1673.
| style="text-align: center;" |  {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=245–246}}{{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=280}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Pickering|[[Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Baronet]]}}
| Alive
| He only attended two sittings at the trial and he did not sign Charles's death warrant, so he was able to use the influence of his brother-in-law [[Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]], to secure his pardon, although he was banned for life from holding any office.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Venning|2004c}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Wallop|[[Robert Wallop]]}}
| Alive
| Sentenced to life imprisonment and died in the Tower of London in 1667
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=280}}
|}

===Other regicides===

[[File:Execution of thomas armstrong 1683.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=refer to caption |A 1698 [[etching]] showing the fate for those convicted of [[High treason in the United Kingdom|High Treason]]. The executed were [[hanged, drawn and quartered]], as was the case for [[Rye House Plot|Rye House Plotter]] [[Thomas Armstrong (English politician)|Thomas Armstrong]] in 1664.]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Name{{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=334–35}}{{sfn|Raithby|1819|pp=226–34}}
! scope="col" | Office
! scope="col" | At the Restoration
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Axtell|[[Daniel Axtell]]}}
| Officer of the Guard
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty of participating in the regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Tyburn]] in October 1660.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=230–31, 240}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Broughton|[[Andrew Broughton]]}}
| Clerk of the Court
| Alive
| Escaped to Switzerland in 1663. Died 1687.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=289, 322}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Cook|[[John Cook (regicide)|John Cook]]}}
| Solicitor-General
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty of regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross in October 1660
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=174–75}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Dendy|[[Edward Dendy (regicide)|Edward Dendy]]}}
| [[Serjeant-at-arms]]
| Alive
| Escaped to Switzerland in 1663; died 1674
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=230}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Dorislaus|Dr [[Isaac Dorislaus]]}}
| Assistant to the Solicitor-General
| Dead
| A distinguished scholar from the Netherlands, he was murdered in the Hague in 1649 by Royalist refugees.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=63–65}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Hacker|[[Francis Hacker]]}}
| Officer of the Guard
| Alive
| Tried, found guilty of signing the execution order; hanged at [[Tyburn]] in October 1660
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=183–85}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Hewlett|[[William Hewlett (regicide)|William Hewlett]]}}
| Captain in the Guard
| Alive
| Found guilty of regicide at the same trial as [[Daniel Axtell]], but not executed with him.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=211}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Holland|[[Cornelius Holland (regicide)|Cornelius Holland]]}}
| Member of Council of State
| Alive
| Escaped to Lausanne, Switzerland at Restoration. Died in 1671.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=289, 322}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Huncks|[[Hercules Huncks]]}}
| Officer of the Guard
| Alive
| Refused to sign the order to the executioners, which [[Francis Hacker]] did in his place. He testified against [[Daniel Axtell]] and Hacker, and was pardoned. Died in 1676.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=234}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=103}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Phayre|[[Robert Phayre (regicide)|Robert Phayre]]}}
| Officer of the Guard
| Alive
| Refused to sign the order to the executioners. He was arrested but not tried; released in 1662. Died in 1682.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=231–32}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Phelps|[[John Phelps (regicide)|John Phelps]]}}
| Clerk of the Court
| Alive
| Escaped to [[Switzerland]]. Died in 1666.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Spencer|2014|pp=231, 293–94}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Thomlinson|[[Matthew Thomlinson]]}}
| Officer of the Guard
| Alive
| Was appointed a commissioner but never sat in the court.{{sfn|Barnard|2004}} He was pardoned for showing courtesy to the King and for testifying against [[Daniel Axtell]] and [[Francis Hacker]]. Died in 1681.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=233, 234}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Peter|[[Hugh Peter]]}}
|
| Alive
| A radical preacher, he was tried and found guilty of inciting regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at [[Charing Cross]] in October 1660.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=236–37}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Anonymous|Anonymous}}
| Headsman and assistant
| Unknown
| Article XXXIV of the [[Act of Pardon and Oblivion]] listed by name 49 of the men mentioned here and also two others who were unnamed and identified as "those two persons, ... who being disguised by frocks and vizors, did appear upon the scaffold erected before Whitehall". This was the headsman and his assistant. Sidney Lee states in the ''[[Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (1866) that the headsman may have been [[Richard Brandon]].
| style="text-align: center;"|{{sfn|Lee|1886|p=223}}
|}

==Others exempted from the general pardon and found guilty of treason==

[[File:JohnLambert.png|thumb|upright|John Lambert]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | Name{{sfn|Raithby|1819|pp=226–234}}{{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=335–36}}
! scope="col" | At the Restoration
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Lambert|[[John Lambert (general)|John Lambert]]}}
| Alive
| Lambert was not in London for the trial of Charles I. At the Restoration, he was found guilty of high treason and remained in custody for the rest of his life, first in [[Guernsey]] and then on [[Drake's Island]], where he died in 1683/84.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|pp=283–84}}{{sfn|Spencer|2014|p=99}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sort|Vance|[[Henry Vane the Younger|Sir Henry Vane the Younger]]}}
| Alive
| After much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the [[Indemnity and Oblivion Act]]. He was tried for high treason, found guilty and beheaded on [[Tower Hill]] in June 1662.
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Jordan|Walsh|2013|p=291}}
|}

[[File:Original site of the Mercat Cross, High Street - geograph.org.uk - 1367417.jpg|thumb|upright|The executions in Scotland took place at the [[Mercat Cross, Edinburgh|Mercat Cross]] in Edinburgh, now marked by these pavement setts.]]

Under the Scottish ''Act of indemnity and oblivion'' (9 September 1662), as with the English act most were pardoned and their crimes forgotten, however, a few members of the previous regime were tried and found guilty of treason (for more details see [[Restoration (Scotland)#General pardon and exceptions|General pardon and exceptions in Scotland]]):
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+Actions under the Scottish ''Act of indemnity and oblivion''
|-
!Name
!Fate
!Notes
|-
|[[Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll|Archibald Campbell]] (8th [[Earl of Argyll]])||Beheaded 27 May 1661.<ref name="Scots executed">{{harvnb|Harris|2005|p=111}}; {{harvnb|Aikman|1842|pp=50–51}}{{harvnb|Howie|M'Gavin|1830|pp=73–75}}; and {{harvnb|Crooks}}.</ref>||At his trial in  Edinburgh Argyll was acquitted of complicity in the death of Charles I, and his escape from the whole charge seemed imminent, but the arrival of a packet of letters written by Argyll to Monck showed conclusively his collaboration with Cromwell's government, particularly in the suppression of [[Glencairn's rising|Glencairn's Royalist rising]] in 1652. He was immediately sentenced to death.{{sfn|Yorke|Chisholm|1911|p=484}}
|-
|[[James Guthrie (Church of Scotland minister)|James Guthrie]]||Hanged 1 June 1661.||On 20 February 1661 Guthrie was arraigned for high treason before the parliament, with [[John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton|Earl of Middleton]] presiding as commissioner. The indictment had six counts; the contriving of the "[[Western Remonstrance]]" and the rejection of the king's ecclesiastical authority were, from a legal point of view, the most formidable charges. The trial was not concluded until 11 April. On 28 May parliament, having found him guilty of treason, ordered him to be hanged.{{sfn|Gordon|1890|p=378}}
|-
|Captain [[William Govan]]||Hanged 1 June 1661 (after Guthrie).<ref name="Scots executed"/>||
|-
|[[Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston]]||hanged 22 July 1663<ref name="Scots executed"/>||At the [[Restoration (Scotland)|Restoration]] Warriston fled to [[Holland]] and thence to [[Hamburg]] in Germany. He was condemned to death (and stripped of his properties and title) ''in absentia'' on 15 May 1661.{{sfn|Lawson|1844|p=713}} In 1663, having ventured into France, he was discovered at [[Rouen]], and with the consent of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] was brought to England and imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]]. In June he was taken to Edinburgh and confined in the [[Old Tolbooth, Edinburgh|Tolbooth]], and was hanged on 22 July 1663.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=333}}
|-
|[[John Swinton (died 1679)|John Swinton]] (1621?–1679)||Imprisoned||Swinton was condemned to forfeiture and imprisonment in Edinburgh Castle, where he remained for some years before being released.{{sfn|Swinton|1898|pp=237–239}}
|-
|John Home of [[Kelloe House|Kelloe]]||Estates sequestrated||In 1661, Home had his estates sequestrated for being with the English Parliamentary army against King Charles II's army at the [[Battle of Worcester]] in 1651.{{sfn|Brown|2012}}{{sfn|Morison|1803|p=42}} After the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688 the estates were restored to his son George.{{sfn|Edinburgh Magazine staff|1819|p=582}}
|}

==Notes==

{{noteslist|1}}
{{reflist|colwidth=25em}}

==References==

{{Refbegin|30em|indent=true}}
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*{{cite ODNB |last=Gentles |first=Ian J.|year=2004b |title=Pride, Thomas, appointed Lord Pride under the protectorate (d. 1658) |id=22781 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Goodwin|first=Gordon |year=2004 |title=Edwards, Humphrey (d. 1658) |id=85410 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Goodwin |first=Gordon |last2=Warmington |first2=Andrew |year=2004 |title=Dove, John (d. 1664/5) |id=7949 }}
*{{cite DNB |last=Gordon |first=Alexander |wstitle=Guthrie, James |volume=23 |pages=237–239 }}
*{{cite book |author=Great Britain. Public Record Office |year=1921 |title=Calendar of state papers, domestic series, of the reign of Charles II: preserved in the state paper department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VPSAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts |ref={{sfnRef|GB PRO|1921}} |page=667 }}
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*{{cite ODNB |last=Greaves |first=Richard L. |year=2008 |title=Millington, Gilbert (c.1598–1666) |id=18761 }}
*{{cite book|last=Harris |first=Tim |year=2005 |title=Restoration:Charles II and His Kingdoms 1660–1685|publisher=Allen Lane }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Hollis |first=Daniel Webster III |year=2004 |title=Heveningham, William (1604–1678) |id=13142 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Hopper |first=Andrew J. |year=2004a |title=Pelham, Peregrine (bap. 1602, d. 1650) |id=37842 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Hopper |first=Andrew J. |year=2004b |title=Potter, Vincent (c.1614–1661?) |id=37860 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Hopper |first=Andrew J. |year=2004c |title=Waite, Thomas (fl. 1634–1668) |id=28405 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Hopper |first=Andrew J. |year=2011 |title=Mauleverer, Sir Thomas, first baronet (bap. 1599, d. 1655) |id=18373 }}
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*{{cite ODNB |last=Hughes |first=Ann |year=2004 |title=Purefoy, William (c.1580–1659) |id=22901 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Jarvis |first=Michael J. |year=2004 |title=Rowe, Owen (1592/3–1661) |id=24204 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Jordan |first1=Don |last2=Walsh |first2=Michael |year=2013 |title=The King's Revenge: Charles II and the Greatest Manhunt in British History |publisher=Little, Brown Book Group |location=London |isbn=978-0-3491-2376-9 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Kelsey |first=Sean |year=2004a |title=Harrington, James (formerly Sir James Harrington, third baronet) (bap. 1607, d. 1680) |id=38905 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Kelsey |first=Sean |year=2004b |title=Love, Nicholas (bap. 1608, d. 1682) |id=17043 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Kelsey |first=Sean |year=2008 |title=Bradshaw, John, Lord Bradshaw (bap. 1602, d. 1659) |id=3201 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Kelsey |first=Sean |year=2009 |title=Danvers, Sir John (1584/5–1655) |id=7135 }}
*{{cite web |last=Kirby |first=Michael |date=22 January 1999 |title=The Trial of King Charles 1 – Defining Moment for our Constitutional Liberties |url=http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/speeches/former-justices/kirbyj/kirbyj_charle88.pdf |access-date=9 April 2016 }}
*{{cite book|last=Lawson |first=John Parker |year=1844 |publisher=Gallie and Bayley |title=The Episcopal Church of Scotland: from the reformation to the revolution |page=[https://archive.org/details/episcopalchurch00lawsgoog/page/n729 713]}}
*{{cite DNB|last=Lee |first=Sidney |wstitle=Brandon, Richard |volume=6 |pages=223–224 }}
*{{cite book |last=Leniham |first=Pádraig |year=2008 |title=Consolidating Conquest: Ireland 1603–1727 |publisher=Pearson Education |location=Harlow, Essex |isbn=978-0-5827-7217-5 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Lindley |first=Keith |year=2004a |title=Tichborne, Robert, appointed Lord Tichburne under the protectorate (1610/11–1682) |id=27430 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Lindley |first=Keith |year=2004b |title=Venn, John (bap. 1586, d. 1650) |id=28186 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Lindley |first=Keith |year=2004c |title=Penington, Isaac (c.1584–1661) |id=21840 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Little |first=Patrick |year=2004 |title=Waller, Sir Hardress (c.1604–1666) |id=28557 }}
*{{cite book |last=Macinnes |first=Allan |year=2007 |title=Union and Empire: The Making of the United Kingdom in 1707 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVdVpfTsgfAC&pg=PA2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-85079-7 }}
*{{cite book |last=Major |first=Philip |year=2013 |title=Literatures of Exile in the English Revolution and its Aftermath, 1640–1690 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQD1xOwpwJEC&pg=PP1 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |location=Farnham, Surrey |isbn=978-1-4094-7614-6 }}
*{{cite book |last=McFedries  |first=Paul |date=2008 |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Weird Word Origins |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1-101-21718-4 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=-macyDTIfaMC&pg=PA14 14] }}
*{{cite web |last=McIntosh |first=A.W. |year=1981 |title=The Mystery of the Death Warrant of Charles I: Some Further Historic Doubts |url=http://www.parliament.uk/documents/parliamentary-archives/deathwarrantmemo66.pdf |publisher=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] |access-date=30 March 2016 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=McIntosh |first=A.W. |year=2004a |title=Allen, Francis (c.1583–1658) |id=37109 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=McIntosh |first=A.W. |year=2004b |title=Andrewes, Sir Thomas (d. 1659) |id=37117 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Morison |first=William Maxwell |year=1803 |title=The decisions of the Court of Session: from its first institution to the present time: digested under proper heads, in the form of a dictionary|volume=13 |location=Scotland |publisher=Bell |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bbRKAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA42 42] }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Nenner |first=Howard |year=2004 |title=Regicides (act. 1649) |id=70599 }}
* {{cite book|last=Noble|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Noble (biographer)|year=1798a|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015013761724|title=The Lives of the English Regicides and Other Commissioners of the Pretended High Court of Justice|volume=1|publisher=John Stockdale|location=London|hdl=2027/mdp.39015013761724|oclc=633159319}}
* {{cite book|last=Noble|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Noble (biographer)|year=1798b|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015013761716|title=The Lives of the English Regicides and Other Commissioners of the Pretended High Court of Justice|volume=2|publisher=John Stockdale|location=London|hdl=2027/mdp.39015013761716|oclc=632691325}}
* {{cite book |last=Parker |first=Michael St John |year=2001 |title=The Civil War 1642–51 |publisher=Pitkin |location=Andover, Hants |isbn=978-0-8537-2647-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/civilwar1642510000park }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004a |title=Blagrave, Daniel (bap. 1603, d. 1668?) |id=25560 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004b |title=Temple, James (1606–c.1674) |id=27113 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004c |title=Dixwell, John [James Davids] (c.1607–1689) |id=7710 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004d |title=Say, William (1604–1666?) |id=24766 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004e |title=Norton, Sir Gregory, first baronet (c.1603–1652) |id=37817 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004f |title=Wogan, Thomas (b. c.1620, d. in or after 1669) |id=29825 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004g |title=Clements, Gregory (bap. 1594, d. 1660) |id=5602 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004h |title=Carew, John (1622–1660) |id=4630 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2004i |title=Holland, Cornelius (1600–1671?) |id=13517 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2008a |title=Livesay, Sir Michael, first baronet (1614–1665?) |id=16797  }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |year=2008b|title=Blakiston, John (bap. 1603, d. 1649) |id=2596 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Peacey |first=J.T. |last2=Roots |first2=Ivan |year=2004 |title=Downes, John (bap. 1609, d. in or after 1666) |id=7973 }}
*{{cite web |last=Pepys |first=Samuel |title=15–20 October 1660 |url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/10/ |ref={{SfnRef|Pepys|October 1660}} |publisher=pepysdiary.com }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Pfanner |first=Dario |year=2004 |title=Fry, John (c.1609–1656/7) |id=10210 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Porter |first=Bertha |year=2004 |title=Stapley, Anthony (bap. 1590, d. 1655) |id=26309 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Raithby |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Raithby |date=1819 |chapter=Charles II, 1660: An Act of Free and Generall Pardon Indempnity and Oblivion |title=Statutes of the Realm: volume 5: 1628–80 (1819) |publisher=Great Britain Record Commission |location=London |pages=226–34 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol5/pp226-234#h3-0038 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Roberts |first=Stephen K. |year=2004 |title=Jones, John (c.1597–1660) |id=15026 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Roots |first=Ivan |last2=Wynne |first2=S.M. |year=2013 |title=Harvey, Edmund (c.1601–1673) |id=12513 }}
* {{cite web |author=RPS |title=The king's majesty's gracious and free pardon, act of indemnity and oblivion |url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1662/5/87 |website=The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 |publisher=National Records of Scotland, [[University of St Andrews]] |access-date=9 April 2016 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Scott |first=David |year=2004a |title=Constable, Sir William, baronet (bap. 1590, d. 1655) |id=6113 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Scott |first=David |year=2004b |title=Chaloner, Thomas (1595–1660) |id=5042 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Scott |first=David |year=2004c |title=Alured, John (bap. 1607, d. 1651) |id=37111 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Scott |first=David |year=2004d |title=Chaloner, James (c.1602–1660) |id=5038 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Scott |first=David |year=2008 |title=Bourchier, Sir John (c.1595–1660) |id=2991 }}
* {{cite book |last=Spencer |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer |year=2014 |title=Killers of the King |publisher=Bloomsbury |location=London |isbn=978-1-4088-6285-8 }}
* {{Cite DNB |last=Swinton |first=Robert Blair |wstitle=Swinton, John (1621?-1679) |volume=55 }}
* {{cite web |author=UKP |title=The Civil War: November 1640–1660 |url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/key-dates/1640-1660/ |work=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] |ref={{SfnRef|UKP: Civ War}} |access-date=9 April 2016 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Syvert |first1=Marguerite  |year=1981 |last2=Stevens |first2=Joan |title=Balleine's History of Jersey  |publisher=Phillimore  |page=148 |isbn=0-85033-413-6 }}
* {{cite web |author=UKP |title=Death Warrant of King Charles I |url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/collections/deathwarrant/ |publisher=British Parliament |ref={{SfnRef|UKP: Warrant}} |access-date=14 March 2016 }}
* {{cite web |author=UNESCO |title=2011 UK Memory of the World Register |url=http://www.unesco.org.uk/2011-uk-memory-of-the-world-register/ |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |ref={{SfnRef|UNESCO: Register}} |access-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301021334/http://www.unesco.org.uk/2011-uk-memory-of-the-world-register/ |archive-date=1 March 2016 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Venning |first=Timothy |year=2004a |title=Ingoldsby, Sir Richard, appointed Lord Ingoldsby under the protectorate (bap. 1617, d. 1685) |id=14411 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Venning |first=Timothy |year=2004b |title=Lisle, John, appointed Lord Lisle under the protectorate (1609/10–1664) |id=16756 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Venning |first=Timothy |year=2004c |title=Pickering, Sir Gilbert, first baronet, appointed Lord Pickering under the protectorate (1611–1668) |id=22207 }}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Wroughton |first=John |year=2004 |title=Scrope, Adrian (1601–1660) |id=24952 }}
*{{cite EB1911 |last=Yorke |first=Philip Chesney |last2=Chisholm  |first2=Hugh |wstitle=Argyll, Earls and Dukes of |volume=2 |pages=483–486 }}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==

{{Wikisource|Death warrant of King Charles I}}
{{EB1911 poster|Regicide}}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Howell |editor-first=T.B. |editor1-link=Thomas Bayly Howell |editor2-last=Howell |editor2-first=T.J. |editor2-link=Thomas Jones Howell |editor3-last=Corbet |editor3-first=C. |editor3-link=William Cobbett |editor4-first=D. |editor4-last=Jardine |editor4-link=David Jardine (barrister) |year=1816  |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMEXJ-Vl9pIC&pg=PT471 |chapter=205. The Trials of Twenty-nine Regicides, at the Old Bailey, for High Treason, which began the 9th Day of October, A. D. 1660: 12 Charles II. |title=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783, with Notes and Other Illustrations |volume=5 |publisher=Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown|pages=471–1364}}
*{{cite book |last=Noble |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Noble (biographer) |year=1798 |title=The lives of the English regicides: and other commissioners of the pretended High court of justice, appointed to sit in judgment upon their sovereign, King Charles the First}}, [https://archive.org/details/livesenglishreg00noblgoog volume I], [https://archive.org/details/livesenglishreg00noblgoog volume II]

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Regicides Of Charles I}}
[[Category:Charles I of England]]
[[Category:Regicides of Charles I| ]]
[[Category:Lists of English people]]