View source for Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

{{Short description|Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood}}
{{about|the dynastic chivalric order established in 1572|the history of the medieval Catholic military order|Order of Saint Lazarus|the National Infantry Association award in the United States|Order of Saint Maurice (United States)}}
{{Infobox order
| name            = Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
| image           = [[File:GC SSML AEACollections.jpg|250px]]
| caption         = Grand Cross insignia of the Order
| image2          = [[File:Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg|85px]]
| caption2        = [[Medal ribbon|Ribbon bar]]
| awarded_by      = {{flagicon|Italy|1861}} [[House of Savoy]]
| type            = [[Dynastic order|Dynastic]] [[order of chivalry]]
| country         = <!-- Country with which the order is currently affiliated, in case of dynastic orders, use royal house -->
| house           = [[House of Savoy]]
| religion        = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| classes         = <!-- Default:classes, or use: grades -->
| ribbon          =
| motto           = ''[[FERT]]''<br />(Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tulit; ''By his bravery he conquered Rhodes'')
| day             = 
| eligibility     = [[Military]], [[civilian]]
| for             = Distinguished merits
| status          = Currently constituted
| head_title      = Grand Master
| head            = (Disputed)
* [[Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice|Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice]] 
* [[Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)|Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta]]
| head2_title     = Chairman of the Council
| head2           = Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it/en/the-dynastic-orders|title = THE DYNASTIC ORDERS|website= Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy}}</ref>
| grades          = Grand Cordon, Special Class<br /> Grand Cordon<br /> Grand Officer<br /> Commander<br /> Officer<br /> Knight/Dame
| post-nominals   = 
| former_grades   = 
| established     = 16 September 1572<br />''([[Order of Saint Maurice]]: 1434)<br />([[Order of Saint Lazarus]]: 1119)''
| replaced        = 
| website         = {{nowrap|{{URL|https://www.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it/en/|ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it}}}}
| first_award     = 
| last_award      = 
| total           = Circa 2,000
| posthumous      = 
| recipients      = 
| date            = 
| first_induction = 
| last_induction  = 
| higher          = [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation]]
| same            = 
| lower           = [[Order of the Crown of Italy|Royal Order of the Crown]]
| related         = 
| individual      = 
}}

The '''Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus''' ({{langx|it|Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro}}) (abbreviated OSSML) is a [[Roman Catholic]] [[dynastic order of knighthood]] bestowed by the royal [[House of Savoy]]. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the world, tracing its lineage to AD 1098, and it is one of the rare orders of knighthood recognized by [[papal bull]], in this case by [[Pope Gregory XIII]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/2230/1/OSL_121.pdf|title=Order of Saint Lazarus: Primary sources|website=um.edu.mt|access-date=22 August 2023}}</ref> In that bull, Pope Gregory XIII bestowed upon [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] and his Savoy successors, the right to confer this knighthood in perpetuity. The [[Grand master (order)|Grand Master]] is [[Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice|Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice]], also known as the Duke of Savoy, the grandson of the last [[King of Italy]], [[Umberto II of Italy|Umberto II]]. However, Emanuele Filiberto's cousin twice removed [[Aimone di Savoia Aosta (born 1967)|Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta]] in theory claims to be the rightful grand master as [[Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)|his father]] claimed to be head of the house of Savoy.

The order was formerly awarded by the [[Kingdom of Italy]] (1861–1946) with the heads of the House of Savoy as the [[King of Italy|Kings of Italy]]. Originally a [[chivalric order]] of noble nature, it was at one time restricted to members of noble families with proofs of eight noble great-grandparents{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}. The order's military and noble nature was and is still combined with a Roman Catholic character.

After the abolition of the monarchy and the foundation of the [[Italian Republic]] in 1946, the legacy of the order is maintained by the pretenders of the House of Savoy and the Italian throne in exile.

The order is estimated to include about 2,000 members around the world, with about 200 in the United States. The Order also has roster consultative status with the [[United Nations]], as part of the U.N.'s [[ECOSOC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.savoyfoundation-usa.org/about-savoy-foundation.html|title=About Savoy Foundation|website=SAVOYFOUNDATION-USA.ORG|accessdate=22 August 2023}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Emmanuel_Philibert_of_Savoy_(1580).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] (1528–1580), founder and first [[Grand master (order)|Grand Master General]] of the combined Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in recognition by Pope [[Gregory XIII]]]]
{{blockquote|text=The undisputed continuation of the [[Order of St. Lazarus]] is in the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, which continues under the pretenders to the Italian Crown.|author=Michael Foster<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/otherord.htm#lazarus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028092229/http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/otherord.htm#lazarus|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 October 2007|title=Orders connected to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.|website=www.orderstjohn.org|date=18 December 2023 }}</ref>}}
Both crosses from its two forerunners still exist in the insignia of their subsequent successor, today's Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, founded by amalgamation in 1572.
<gallery>
File:Lazarus_cross.svg|The green-enameled [[Maltese Cross]] of the [[Order of Saint Lazarus]], founded c. 1119
File:Cross_of_saint_Maurice.svg|The white-enameled [[cross bottony]] of the [[Order of Saint Maurice]], founded in 1434
File:Cross_of_saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus.svg|Combined [[Maltese Cross]] and [[cross bottony]],<br />of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
</gallery>

=== Order of Saint Lazarus (1119) ===
{{main|Order of Saint Lazarus}}
The [[Order of Saint Lazarus]], founded c. 1119, can be traced to the establishment around 1100, of a [[hospital]] for [[leprosy]] in [[Jerusalem]], [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]], by a group of [[Crusades|crusaders]] who called themselves "Brothers of Saint Lazarus".<ref name=Haileybury>{{cite web|url=https://www.haileybury.com/medals/ITALY.htm|title=ITALY|website=www.haileybury.com}}</ref> Those knights protected [[Christian]] [[pilgrims]] to the [[Holy Land]]. From its inception, the order was concerned with the relief of leprosy and other illnesses, and many of its members were lepers who had been [[knight]]s in other orders. It became rich, its practices dubious, and its funds eventually abused. With the [[Siege of Acre (1291)|fall of Acre]] in 1291, the Knights of Saint Lazarus emigrated from the [[Holy Land]] and [[Egypt]] and settled in [[France]] and, in 1311, in [[Naples]]. In the 16th century, the order declined in credibility and wealth. With papal support, the [[Duke of Savoy]] became Grand Master in 1572. During medieval times, the Order of Saint Lazarus maintained a number of hospitals, including an institution in the Italian city of [[Capua]].

=== Order of Saint Maurice (1434) ===
{{redirect|Order of Saint Maurice|the US Army award|Order of Saint Maurice (United States)}}
The Order of Saint Maurice was established in 1434 by [[Antipope Felix V|Amedeo VIII of Savoy]], during his stay in the [[Ripaglia]] hermitage near [[Thonon]], named after [[Saint Maurice]] of the [[Theban Legion]]. From its beginning, it was a [[military order (monastic society)|military order]].<ref name=Haileybury/> The order declined, but in 1572 was reestablished by [[Pope Pius V]] at the instigation of the then-Duke of Savoy.

=== Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) ===
In 1572, Pope [[Gregory XIII]] united the Order of Saint Lazarus in perpetuity with the Crown of Savoy. [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]], merged it with the Savoyan Order of Saint Maurice, and thenceforth the title of Grand Master of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus was hereditary in that house. The pope gave him authority over the vacant [[commandery|commanderies]] everywhere, except in the states of the [[King of Spain]], I. e. the [[Kingdom of Naples|Kingdoms of Naples]], [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]] and the [[Duchy of Milan]]. In England and Germany, these commanderies were suppressed by the [[Protestant reformation]].

[[File:BasilicaMaurizianaTorino.JPG|thumb|[[Basilica Mauriziana]] in [[Turin]], [[Italy]], associated with the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
The new organization was charged to defend the [[Holy See]] and Italian shores, as well as continue to assist the sick. The war [[galley]]s of the order fought against the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Barbary pirates]] with the [[United States Marine Corps]]. When leprosy again broke out, the order founded a hospital in [[Aosta]] in 1773.

During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the order lost its estates in [[Piedmont]] and accepted many officers of the [[Royal Sardinian Army]] and [[Royal Sardinian Navy|Navy]], who in 1815 were bestowed with the [[Military Order of Savoy]].

[[File:Carlo_Alberto_nelle_vesti_di_Gran_Maestro_dell%27Ordine_del_Mauriziano.png|thumb|150px|King [[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] in ceremonial robe]]
In 1831, under [[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] the order was opened specifically for members of the upcoming [[bourgeoisie]].

Brought back in favour by King [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]], the order was sparingly conferred for distinguished service in military and civilian affairs as an exclusive award compared with the more common [[Order of the Crown of Italy]], consisting of five classes: [[Knight Grand Cross]], Knight Grand [[Officer]], [[Commander (order)|Knight Commander]], Knight Officer and [[Knight]].<ref name=Haileybury/>

[[File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1870-1890).svg|thumb|Great [[coat of arms]] of Italy, including the insignia of the order]]
With the [[Italian unification]] (1860–1871), the order became a ''de facto'' Italian state [[order (distinction)|order]].

After Italy became a republic in 1946, the order was effectively replaced by the government's [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]. Since 1951 it has not been officially recognized by the Italian Republic, but remains recognized by most other jurisdictions, particularly those with extant royal houses.

The formerly related [[Maurician medal]] for Military Merit of fifty years, established in 1839, was one of the few medals not suppressed by the Italian Republic, becoming the Maurician medal of Merit for 50 years military career in 1954.<ref>Established by Royal Magistral Patent dated 19 July 1839, approved by Royal Decree of 21 December 1924 and renewed by [http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/onorificenze/Mauriziana/fonti_Mauriziana.htm Law No. 203(1) of 7 March 1954] ''Medaglia Mauriziana al Merito di dieci lustri di carriera militare,'' published in Gazzetta Ufficiale, No. 116, 21 May 1954, as amended by Law No. 1327 of 8 November 1956</ref>

[[File:Victor_Emmanuel_of_Savoie_(0).jpg|thumb|[[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples]], in the ceremonial robe of the Grand Master]]
The House of Savoy in exile continues to bestow the order on recipients eminent in the public service, science, art, letters, trade, and charitable works. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five-pointed stars on military uniforms.<ref>[http://www.cnicg.net/regno.asp?strRefUrl=http://www.cnicg.net/orders.asp&strRefNome=Ordini%20Cavallereschi%20Italiani Ordini Cavallereschi del Regno d'Italia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507132408/http://www.cnicg.net/regno.asp?strRefUrl=http://www.cnicg.net/orders.asp&strRefNome=Ordini%20Cavallereschi%20Italiani |date=2006-05-07 }} Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)</ref>

== Organisation == 
Until 1851, the knights of the order were divided into Knights of Justice, who had to prove nobility of eight great-grandparents, and Knights of Grace, who, like the [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knights of the Most Holy Annunciation]], were "suspended from the proof" (not required to provide such proof of nobility).
 
All knights, regardless of category, were required to take three vows: obedience to the Grand Master; chastity except within marriage (castità almeno conjugale), meaning fidelity within marriage with papal approval; and service to the sick and poor.

In 1831, [[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] made the vow of the Knights of Grace facultative, and in 1851 the category of Justice was abolished by [[Victor Emmanuel II]].

Today, women can be appointed as Dames, and a new category of Knights and Dames of Devotion was introduced in 1988. Also, the Grand Master can appoint hereditary ''[[jus patronatus]] Commanders of Merit''.

=== Grades ===
Originally, the order was divided into Knights Petit Cross and Knights Grand Cross, the latter worn at the neck, the former on the chest. The ''[[Commander (order)|Commendatori]]'', who owned a [[commandery]], weren't bestowed with a specific insignia. In 1831, Charles Albert of Sardinia divided the order into three classes:
* Knight Grand Cross with the Grand Cordon
* Knight Commander
* Knight

[[File:Wearing_of_the_insignia_of_the_Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus.svg|thumb|Insignia of the grades]]
Since 1855, the Order is divided into five classes for the Knights (male members):<ref>[https://www.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it/site/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Statuto-Ordine-Mauriziano.pdf Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro Statuto] - website of the Grand Magistracy of the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy</ref>
*''Knight Grand Cordon'', who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip and the badge as well as star are worn on the left side;
*''Grand Officer'', who wear a necklet plus the star on the left chest;
*''Commander'', who wear a necklet;
*''Officer'', who wear a medal in Gold on the left side of the chest;
*''Knight'', who wear a smaller Medal in Silver on the left side of the chest.

For female members the Order is divided into in three classes:
*''Dame Grand Cordon'', wearing a sash similar to that of their male counterparts
*''Dame Commander'', who wear on a necklet. During daydress: wear a bow-formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest. During evening wear: bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest)
*''Dame'', who wear a smaller necklet; During daydress and evening wear: bow formed medal worn on the left side of the chest

Special Class of the Order:
*''Knight Grand Cordon, Special Class'', For the Grand Master of the Order; who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip, the badge as well as star which is worn on the left side of the stomach are in [[Brilliant (diamond cut)|Brilliants]]

=== Insignia ===
[[File:OSSML Commandeur.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Insignia of a [[Commander (order)|Commander]] of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
*The ''badge'' of the order is in [[Gilding|gilt]], consists of a white-enameled [[cross bottony]] of the Order of Saint Maurice, with a green-enameled [[Maltese Cross]], the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus, placed in [[saltire]] between the arms of the cross botonny. The badge of each class except that of Knight and Dame is topped by a gilt crown.
[[File:São_Maurício_e_Lázaro_1.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Insignia of a Grand Officer]]
*The ''star'' of the Order is a silver-faceted star, with eight points for Grand Cross and four points for Grand Officer, and with the badge (minus the crown) superimposed upon it.
*The ''breast cross'' for the "jus patronatus" Commander is identical to the badge, minus the crown.
*The ''ribbon'' of the Order is apple green, with slight variations for the several classes:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|-
!Ribbon !! Class (English) !! Full title in Italian
|-
| [[File:Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg|80px]] ||Knight Grand Cross ||''Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro''
|-
| [[File:Grande ufficiale SSML Regno BAR.svg|80px]] ||Grand Officer (until 1865 Commander First Class) ||''Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro''
|-
| [[File:Commendatore SSML Regno BAR.svg|80px]] ||Commander ||''Commendatore dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro''
|-
| [[File:Ufficiale SSML Regno BAR.svg|80px]] ||Officer ||''Ufficiale dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro''
|-
| [[File:Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg|80px]] ||Knight ||''Cavaliere dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro''
|-
|}
{{clear left}}

=== Council ===
The council is responsible for running the order, the order focuses mainly on charitable acts.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Cavicchioli |first=Silvia |date=2002-11-01 |title=Strategie nobiliari di sopravvivenza tra Napoleone e Casa Savoia. I Ferrero della Marmora, 1798-1815 |journal=Italies |issue=6 |pages=117–143 |doi=10.4000/italies.1563 |issn=1275-7519 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Until 1831, it was composed of the First Secretary of the Grand Magistracy (not to be confused with the Secretary of the Council itself), the Auditor General and seven dignitaries (''Grandati''):
* [[Grand Prior]], a [[clergy]]man with [[Bishop|episcopal rank]] as the
* [[Grand Admiral]], the commander of the order's navy
* [[Grand Marshal]], the commander of the order's land forces
* Grand Hospitaller, administrator of the order's hospitals
* Grand Conservator, administrator of the order's estates
* Grand Chancellor, head of the order's [[Chancery (medieval office)|chancery]] 
* Grand [[Treasurer]]

In 1831, the offices of Grand Admiral and Grand Marshal were abolished since the absence of an army. In 1851, the offices of Grand Conservator and Grand Chancellor where merged with the office of the First Secretary of the Grand Magistracy and the Grand Treasurer got renamed as Treasurer General, who also served as Vice Chairman of the council. The other nine members, among them an annual Chairman of the council, who replaced the Grand Prior, where chosen by the Grand master.

From 1861 to 1946, the council also served as the council of the [[Order of the Crown of Italy]].

Today, some of the old offices are re-established.

* Chairman: ''Vacant''
* Vice Chairman: Antonio d’Amelio
* Grand Chancellor: Theo Niederhauser
* Grand Treasurer: Nicolas Gagnebin
* Grand Prior: Monsignor Paolo de Nicolò
* Grand Master of Ceremonies: [[Professor|Prof]]. Alberto Bochicchio
* [[Serene Highness|H.S.H.]] [[Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz]]
* [[Serene Highness|H.S.H.]] ''[[Don (honorific)|Don]]'' Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps
* ''[[Don (honorific)|Don]]'' Giancarlo Melzi d’Eril dei Duchi di Lodi
* ''[[Don (honorific)|Don]]'' Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero – Honorary Member

=== Junta ===
The Junta is responsible for voting in new [[Knight]] or [[Dame]] to the dynastic order on behalf of the grand master, [[Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice]]. There are always five members of the Junta to ensure that there is never an equal count in votes for and against a new possible new [[Knight]] or [[Dame]].<ref name="auto" />

* [[Serene Highness|H.S.H.]] ''[[Don (honorific)|Don]]'' Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps – President
* ''[[Don (honorific)|Don]]'' Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini – Secretary
* ''[[Don (honorific)|Don]]'' Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada
* Gualtiero Ventura
* Federico Pizzi

== List of Grand Masters ==
[[File:Charles_Felix_as_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation.jpg|thumb|left|150px|King and Grand Master [[Charles Felix of Sardinia]] in ceremonial [[robe]] of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
# [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] (1572–1580) 
# [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] (1580–1630)
# [[Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy]] (1630–1637) 
# [[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy]] (1637–1638) 
# [[Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy]] (1638–1675) 
# [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia]] (1675–1731) 
# [[Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia]] (1732–1773) 
# [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia]] (1773–1796)
# [[Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia]] (1796–1802) 
# [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] (1802–1824) 
# [[Charles Felix of Sardinia]] (1824–1831) 
# [[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] (1831–1849) 
# [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] (1849–1878) 
# [[Umberto I of Italy]] (1878–1900) 
# [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]] (1900–1946) 
# [[Umberto II of Italy]] (1946–1983) 
# [[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples]] (1983–2024)
# [[Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice]] (2024–present)

== Recipients in selection ==
[[File:Artemisia_Gentileschi_Condottiero_Bologna.jpg|thumb|''Portrait d'un gonfalonier'' (1622) painted by [[Artemisia Gentileschi]], carrying the cross on the breast and the [[ribbon]] around the chest]]
[[File:Ritratto_di_Giovanni_Battista_Cacherano_di_Bricherasio_-_Anonimo.jpg|thumb|[[General]] [[Giovanni Battista Cacherano di Bricherasio]], Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
[[File:Michel Edmond de Selys Longchamps.jpg|thumb|[[Edmond de Sélys Longchamps]]]]
{{see also|Category:Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus}}

{{dynamic list}}
<!-- Please keep this list in alphabetical order. -->

=== Monarchs ===
* [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria]]
* [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]]
* [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia]]
* [[Gojong of Korea|Gojong, Emperor of Korea]]
* [[Haile Selassie]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]]
* [[Zog I of Albania|Zog I, King of the Albanians]]
* [[George V]], [[List of British monarchs|King of the United Kingdom]]
* [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar]] of [[List of Persian monarchs|Shah of Persia]]
* [[Eminence (style)|H.M.E.H.]] [[Servant of God]] [[Friar|Fra']] [[Andrew Bertie]], [[List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller|Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]
* [[Maharaja]] [[Jagatjit Singh]]
* Maharaja [[Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana]]
* [[Mihailo Obrenović]] of [[Serbia]]
*[[Abbas I of Egypt|Abbas I]], [[Wali (administrative title)|Wāli]] of [[Ottoman Egypt|Egypt]]

=== Military ===
* [[General of the Armies]] [[John Pershing]]
* [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] [[George Marshall]]
* [[Field Marshal]] [[Walther von Brauchitsch]]
* [[Field Marshal]] [[Francisco Solano López]]
* General [[Matthew Ridgway|Matthew Bunker Ridgway]]
* General [[François d'Astier de La Vigerie]]
* General [[Tasker H. Bliss]]
* General [[Mark W. Clark]]
* General [[Ira C. Eaker]]
* General [[Peyton C. March]]
* Admiral [[Ernesto Burzagli]]<ref name="senato">Senato della Repubblica: [http://notes9.senato.it/web/senregno.NSF/1dbf7f5088956bebc125703d004d5ffb/e85245f1a9b500214125646f00596ade?OpenDocument biographical summary]</ref>
* Surgeon Rear-Admiral [[Arthur Skey]]
* Major General [[Ulysses S. Grant III]]
* Major General [[Mason Patrick]]<ref name=Head>Head, William Pace (1995). Every Inch a Soldier: Augustine Warner Robins and the Building of U.S. Airpower
Volume 37 of Texas A & M University military history series. Texas A&M University Press, 1995: Issue 37, p. 75 {{ISBN|0890965900}}, 9780890965900 https://books.google.com/books?id=5utyzXwyh1MC&dq=italian+order+of+st.+maurice+and+st.+lazarus+%22mason+patrick%22&pg=PA75 Retrieved November 2, 2012.</ref>
* General [[Sebastiano Visconti Prasca]]
* Rear Admiral [[Richard E. Byrd|Richard Byrd]]
* Brigadier General [[Billy Mitchell]]
* Naval Captain [[Emilio Faà di Bruno]]
* Flight Commander [[Douglas Harries]]
* SS-Obergruppenführer [[Hans Lammers]]
* [[Chom Phon|Field Marshal]] [[Plaek Phibunsongkhram]]
* Brigadier General [[Evan M. Johnson]]<ref name="Inquirer">{{cite news |date=October 14, 1923 |title=Gen. Evan M. Johnson |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49821875/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |location=Philadelphia, PA |page=B25 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
* Brigadier General [[Walter McCaw]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Generals in Khaki |last=Davis |first=Henry Blaine Jr. |publisher=Pentland Press |location=Raleigh, NC |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-57197-088-6 |page=250}}</ref>
* Rear Admiral [[Charles R. Train (admiral)|Charles R. Train]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108067194/wins-medal-while-serving-in-adriatic/ |title=Wins Medal While Serving in Adriatic Sea |date=1938-04-11 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |page=15 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2022-08-21}}{{Open access}}</ref>

=== Politics ===
* [[Aminoff family|Vilhelm Sixten Gregorius Aminoff]] (1838-1875), Swedish diplomat and courier
* Diplomat [[Isaac Artom]]
* [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]], 1921
* Enrico d’Arienzo, Prefect of Caltanisetta 1925
* [[Henri Jaspar]]
* [[Charles de Broqueville|Charles, 1st Count de Broqueville]]
* [[Charles Rogier]]
* [[Edmond de Sélys Longchamps|Edmond, Baron de Sélys Longchamps]]
* President [[Porfirio Díaz]]
*Dr [[Hans Frank]], 26.9.1936{{sfn|Miller|2015|p=452}}
* Minister of foreign affairs [[Giustino Fortunato (1777-1862)|Giustino Fortunato]]<ref>''Collezione delle Leggi e de'Decreti Reali del Regno delle Due Sicilie'', Stamperia reale, 1846, p.85</ref>
* Member of Parliament [[Cristiana Muscardini]]
* Diplomat [[Jose Maria Quijano Wallis]]<ref name="Eduardo Santa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/paperi/v1/num1-14/num8b.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002112/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/paperi/v1/num1-14/num8b.htm|url-status=dead|title=Papel Periódico Ilustrado Volúmen 1 año I Número 1 al 14|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
* [[Luigi, Count Cibrario]]
* [[Oswald von Richthofen|Oswald, Freiherr von Richthofen]], [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)|State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire]] - ''August 1902'' - during the visit to Germany of King [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]]<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Latest intelligence - The King of Italy in Berlin|date=29 August 1902|page=3|issue=36859}}</ref>
* President of the 1904 [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] and Former St. Louis Mayor [[David R. Francis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.mohistory.org/resource/84029.html|title=Missouri Historical Society - Find Yourself Here.|first=Missouri Historical Society|last=Lab|website=The Missouri Historical Society is ... Missouri Historical Society and was founded in 1866.}}</ref>
* Mayor [[Rudolph Giuliani]] of New York City (2001) Cavaliere di Gran Croce (Motu Proprio)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/events_gallery.asp?id=330&gallery=Gallery%2FEVENTS%2FEVENTS_330%2F|title=Events: 2001|publisher=[[House of Savoy]]|access-date=April 1, 2009}}</ref>
* [[Aldo Oviglio]], Minister of Justice (1922–1925)
* James Charles Risk of New York City, Cavaliere di Gran Croce,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tricolore-italia.com/pdf/spec/Tricolore-n108-Speciale-NY-100206.pdf|title=Tricolore 10 Febbraio, 2006|publisher=Tricolore of Italy reporting on the Ballo di Savoia|access-date=September 17, 2019}}</ref> originally inducted by the last reigning King of Italy, [[Umberto II of Italy]]
*[[Benito Mussolini]], [[Prime Minister of Italy]] and [[Duce of Fascism]]
*[[Francesco Ruffini]], Italian [[jurist]], [[historian]], [[politician]] and [[Anti-fascism|antifascist]].
*[[Mike Gatto]], American [[politician]] of [[Italians|Italian]] heritage
*[[Gianni Letta]], Italian politician and [[journalist]]

=== Culture ===
* Architect [[Carlo Rainaldi]]
* Architect [[Giovanni Battista Meduna]] and his brother, engineer [[Tommaso Meduna]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuSSNblkOr0C&dq=Meduna&pg=PA113 |title=Elenco alfabetico dei decorati dell'Ordine dei SS. Maurizio e Lazzaro dal 17 marzo 1861 (proclamazione del Regno d'Italia) al 31 dicembre 1869 |date=1870 |publisher=Stamperia Reale |pages=113 |language=it}}</ref>
* Sculptor [[Christopher Ross (sculptor)|Christopher Ross]]
* Tenor [[Andrea Bocelli]]<ref>https://www.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it/en/maestro-andrea-bocelli-named-knight-of-the-civil-order-of-savoy-by-h-r-h-the-grand-master-prince/ </ref>

=== Priests ===
* [[Pietro Tacchi Venturi]]
* [[Agostino Rivarola|Agostino Cardinal Rivarola]]
* [[Beatification|Blessed]] [[Tommaso Reggio]]
* [[Timothy M. Dolan|Timothy Michael Cardinal Dolan]]
* [[Désiré-Joseph Mercier|Désiré-Félicien-François-Joseph Cardinal Mercier]]
* [[Beatification|Blessed]] [[Andrea Carlo Ferrari|Andrea Carlo Cardinal Ferrari]]

=== Sciences ===
* [[Charles Combes]]
* [[Giovanni Miani]], explorer
* [[Giuseppe Peano]]
* [[Joseph Vallot]]<ref name="Ruffy">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quitesvousannua00unkngoog|title=Qui êtes-vous? Annuaire des contemporains: notices biographiques. 1908-1908/10, 1924|editor-last=Ruffy|editor-first=G.|publisher=Librairie Delagrave|year=1924|location=Paris|pages=741}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
* [[Thomas Hanbury]]
* [[J. P. Morgan]]

== Recipients (amongst others) ==
* [[Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice]], [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Clotilde Courau]], Princess of Venice
* [[Princess Vittoria of Savoy]], ''Princess of Carignano'' Marchioness of Ivrea
* [[Princess Luisa of Savoy]]
* [[Marina Doria]], Princess of Naples and [[Duchess of Savoy]]
* [[Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma]]
* [[Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy]]
* [[Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy]]
* [[Prince Dimitri of Yugoslavia]]
* Prince Michael of Yugoslavia
* Prince Sergius of Yugoslavia
* Princess Helen of Yugoslavia
* Princess Diana Elizabeth D'Hauteville 
* [[Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro]]
* [[Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro]]
* [[Serene Highness|H.S.H.]] [[Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz]] [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Serene Highness|H.S.H.]] [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Professor|Prof]]. Alberto Bochicchio [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Giuseppe dei Conti Rizzani [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Giancarlo dei Duchi [[Melzi d'Eril]] [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Don (honorific)|''Don'']] Andrea dei Conti Boezio Bertinotti Alliata
* [[Giovanni Cheli]] [[Grand Cross]]
* Antonio d’Amelio [[Grand Cross]]
* Monsignor Paolo de Nicolò [[Grand Cross]]
* Nicolas Gagnebin [[Grand Cross]]
* Theo Niederhauser [[Grand Cross]]
* Andrea Rivoira [[Grand Cross]]
* Franca Sciaraffia [[Grand Cross]]
* [[Luigi Acquaviva]] Grand Officer
* Alberto Di Maria Grand Officer
* [[Giuseppe Resnati]] Grand Officer
* Zina Losapio [[Dame]]
* Alberico Guerzoni
* Alessandro Santini

== See also ==
{{Portal|Christianity|Catholicism|Italy}}
*[[List of Italian orders of knighthood]]
*[[Dynastic order of knighthood]]
*[[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]

== References ==
* {{cite book | last = Miller | first = Michael | title = Leaders Of The Storm Troops Volume 1 | publisher = Helion & Company | location = England| year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1-909982-87-1 }}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus}}
* [https://www.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it/en/the-dynastic-orders/ Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy]
* [https://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/ American Delegation of Savoy Orders]
* [http://www.regalis.com/reg/mauriziano.htm ''The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus'' (by Louis Mendola)]

{{Italian orders of knighthood}}
{{Orders of Italian States before unification}}

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[[Category:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus| ]]
[[Category:1572 establishments in Italy|Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Order of]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1572]]
[[Category:History of Catholicism in Italy]]
[[Category:Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy]]
[[Category:Pope Gregory XIII]]