View source for Pietro Parolin

{{Short description|Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1955)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Pietro Parolin
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|OMRI]]
| title = [[Cardinal Secretary of State]]
| image = Cardinal Pietro Parolin par Claude Truong-Ngoc juillet 2021.jpg
| caption = Parolin in 2021
| appointed = 15 October 2013
| term_end = 
| predecessor = [[Tarcisio Bertone]]
| successor = 
| other_post = [[Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela|Cardinal-Bishop of Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela]]<br />Member of the [[Council of Cardinal Advisers]]
| ordination = 27 April 1980
| ordained_by = Arnoldo Onisto
| consecration = 12 September 2009
| consecrated_by = [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
| cardinal = 22 February 2014
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Francis|Francis]]
| rank = Cardinal-Bishop
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|1|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Schiavon]], [[Veneto]], Italy
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| religion = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| previous_post = [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] {{small|(2009–2013)}}<br />Titular Archbishop of [[Acquapendente|Aquipendium]] {{small|(2009–2014)}}
| alma_mater = [[Pontifical Gregorian University]]<br />[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]
| motto = {{lang|la|Quis nos separabit a caritate Christi?}}<br />Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Pietro Parolin.svg
| signature = Firma-parolin.jpg
}}{{Ordination
| ordained deacon by = 
| date of diaconal ordination = 
| place of diaconal ordination = 
| ordained priest by = Arnoldo Onisto
| date of priestly ordination = 27 April 1980
| place of priestly ordination = 
| consecrated by = [[Pope Benedict XVI]]
| co-consecrators = [[Tarcisio Bertone]]<br />[[William Joseph Levada]]
| date of consecration = 12 September 2009
| elevated by = [[Pope Francis]]
| date of elevation = 22 February 2014
| bishop 1 = [[Aldo Giordano]]
| consecration date 1 = 14 December 2013
| bishop 2 = [[Hubertus van Megen]]
| consecration date 2 = 17 May 2014
| bishop 3 = [[Marek Zalewski (bishop)|Marek Zalewski]]
| consecration date 3 = 31 May 2014
| bishop 4 = [[Wojciech Załuski]]
| consecration date 4 = 9 August 2014
| bishop 5 = [[Joël Mercier]]
| consecration date 5 = 19 March 2015
| bishop 6 = [[Paolo Rocco Gualtieri]]
| consecration date 6 = 30 May 2015
| bishop 7 = [[Piergiorgio Bertoldi]]
| consecration date 7 = 2 June 2015
| bishop 8 = [[Alberto Ortega Martín]]
| consecration date 8 = 10 October 2015
| bishop 9 = [[Pierantonio Pavanello]]
| consecration date 9 = 20 February 2016
| bishop 10 = [[Paul Tighe]]
| consecration date 10 = 27 February 2016
| bishop 11 = [[Gábor Pintér]]
| consecration date 11 = 15 July 2016
| bishop 12 = [[Andrzej Józwowicz]]
| consecration date 12 = 27 May 2017
| bishop 13 = [[Angelo Accattino]]
| consecration date 13 = 25 November 2017
| bishop 14 = [[Dagoberto Campos Salas]]
| consecration date 14 = 29 September 2018
| bishop 15 = [[Marco Mellino]]
| consecration date 15 = 15 December 2018
| bishop 16 = [[Christophe Zakhia El-Kassis]]
| consecration date 16 = 19 January 2019
| bishop 17 = [[Gianfranco Gallone]]
| consecration date 17 = 19 March 2019
| bishop 18 = [[Tymon Tytus Chmielecki]]
| consecration date 18 = 13 May 2019
| bishop 19 = [[Luís Miguel Muñoz Cárdaba]]
| consecration date 19 = 25 July 2020
| bishop 20 = [[Ante Jozić]]
| consecration date 20 = 16 September 2020
| bishop 21 = [[Giovanni Gaspari]]
| consecration date 21 = 17 October 2020
| bishop 22 = [[Mark Miles]]
| consecration date 22 = 25 April 2021
| bishop 23 = [[Fermín Emilio Sosa Rodríguez]]
| consecration date 23 = 25 June 2021
| bishop 24 = [[Gilles Reithinger]]
| consecration date 24 = 4 July 2021
| bishop 25 = [[Visvaldas Kulbokas]]
| consecration date 25 = 14 August 2021
| bishop 26 = [[Dieudonné Datonou]]
| consecration date 26 = 20 November 2021
| bishop 27 = [[Andrea Ripa]]
| consecration date 27 = 26 February 2022
| bishop 28 = [[Javier Herrera Corona]]
| consecration date 28 = 23 April 2022
| bishop 29 = [[Jean-Sylvain Emien Mambé]]
| consecration date 29 = 7 May 2022
| bishop 30 = [[Luigi Roberto Cona]]
| consecration date 30 = 2 December 2022
| bishop 31 = [[Alejandro Arellano Cedillo]]
| consecration date 31 = 25 March 2023
| bishop 32 = [[Rolandas Makrickas]]
| consecration date 32 = 15 April 2023
| bishop 33 = [[Diego Giovanni Ravelli]]
| consecration date 33 = 3 June 2023
| bishop 34 = [[Gian Luca Perici]]
| consecration date 34 = 15 July 2023
| bishop 35 = [[Germano Penemote]]
| consecration date 35 = 12 August 2023
}}
'''Pietro Parolin''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|OMRI]]}} ({{IPA|it|ˈpjɛːtro paroˈlin|lang}}, {{IPA|vec|paɾoˈliŋ|lang}}; born 17 January 1955) is an [[Catholic Church in Italy|Italian Catholic]] prelate who has served as the [[Holy See|Vatican]]'s [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] since 2013, and has served as a member of the [[Council of Cardinals]] since 2014, the same year he was made a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]].

Before his tenure as secretary of state, Parolin worked in the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] for 30 years, where his assignments included terms in Nigeria, Mexico and Venezuela, as well as more than six years as [[Section for Relations with States|Undersecretary of State for Relations with States]]. Parolin set the Vatican's foreign policy stances under [[Pope Francis]]. Parolin was one of the primary architects of the Vatican's [[China–Holy See relations#2018 Holy See–China agreement|2018 agreement with China]], which allows the pope to approve and veto bishops approved by the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shea |first=Nina |date=2025-05-02 |title=The Next Pope Needs a Better China Policy |url=https://firstthings.com/the-next-pope-needs-a-better-china-policy/ |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=First Things |language=en-US}}</ref> During the [[2025 papal conclave]], Parolin was considered ''[[papabile]]'', a leading candidate to succeed Francis.

==Early life==
Parolin was born in [[Schiavon]], [[Province of Vicenza]], the son of a [[hardware store]] manager, Luigi Parolin (1921–1965), and an elementary school teacher, Ada Miotti (1928–2024).<ref>{{cite news |date=1 September 2013 |title=Mamma Ada: «Vi racconto Pietro» |url=http://www.ilgiornaledivicenza.it/stories/Cronaca/556401_mamma_ada_vi_racconto_pietro/?refresh_ce |periodical=Ilgiornaledivicenza.it }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<!-- auto-translated from Italian by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref name="newscattoliche.it">{{cite news|access-date=3 September 2013 |archive-date=17 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225015/http://www.newscattoliche.it/parolin-nuovo-segretario-di-stato/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=parolin-nuovo-segretario-di-stato |date=31 August 2013 |periodical=Newscattoliche.it |title=Parolin nuovo Segretario di Stato |url=http://www.newscattoliche.it/parolin-nuovo-segretario-di-stato/}}<!-- auto-translated from Italian by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> He has one sister and a brother. When he was ten years old, his father died in a car accident.<ref name="VI">{{cite news|url=http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/curia-curia-curia-27477/|title=The talents of the priest and diplomat Fr. Pietro Parolin|publisher=Vatican Insider|date=30 August 2013|access-date=31 August 2013|archive-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321012643/http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/curia-curia-curia-27477|url-status=live}}</ref> After he was ordained on 27 April 1980, he took up graduate studies in [[canon law]] at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] and in [[diplomacy]] at the [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]. He entered the [[Holy See]]'s diplomatic service in 1986 at the age of 31. He served for three years in the Nunciature of Nigeria where he became familiar with the problems in Christian–Muslim relations.

At the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico|Nunciature of Mexico]] from 1989 to 1992, Parolin contributed to the final phase of the work begun by Archbishop [[Girolamo Prigione]] which led to the legal recognition of the Catholic Church in 1992 and the establishment of [[Holy See–Mexico relations|diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Mexico]] after 130 years. These negotiations led to Mexico officially shedding the country's secular and anti-clerical imprint, which extended to its [[Constitution of Mexico|Constitution]].<ref name="VI" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.niedziela.pl/artykul/10455/Kard-Parolin-otrzymal-najwyzsze |title=Kard. Parolin otrzymał najwyższe odznaczenie Meksyku – Artykuł |website=Niedziela.pl |date=11 July 2014 |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060157/http://www.niedziela.pl/artykul/10455/Kard-Parolin-otrzymal-najwyzsze |url-status=live }}</ref> Working in Rome, he was country director{{Clarify|date=July 2024}} for [[Spain]], [[Andorra]], [[Italy]], and [[San Marino]].

Since 2000 he has worked with the then-Bishop [[Attilio Nicora]] on the implementation of the revision of the Lateran Concordat of 1984, with particular reference to the Italian military ordinariate.<ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_parolin_p.html PAROLIN  Card. Pietro]</ref>

==Undersecretary of State for Relations with States==
Parolin was Undersecretary of State for Relations with States from 30 November 2002 to 17 August 2009. Parolin has also been at the forefront of Vatican efforts to approve and implement the [[Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty]] (NPT). Addressing the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] on 18 September 2006, at its headquarters in [[Vienna]], Parolin referred to this treaty as "the basis to pursue [[nuclear disarmament]] and an important element for further development of nuclear energy applications for peaceful purposes." He said: "Since this treaty is the only multilateral legal instrument currently available, intended to bring about a nuclear weapons-free world, it must not be allowed to be weakened. Humanity deserves no less than the full cooperation of all states in this important matter." Concerning international negotiations with respect to [[Iran's nuclear program]], he said "that the present difficulties can and must be overcome through diplomatic channels, making use of all the means that diplomacy has at its disposal and considers necessary to eliminate all the elements which objectively impede mutual trust."<ref>{{cite news |title=Holy See Insists on Need for Nuclear Disarmament |url=https://zenit.org/articles/holy-see-insists-on-need-for-nuclear-disarmament/ |access-date=31 May 2018 |work=Zenit |date=5 October 2006 |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718165859/https://zenit.org/articles/holy-see-insists-on-need-for-nuclear-disarmament/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2007, at the opening of the UN, Parolin argued, "We often hear in the halls of the United Nations of 'the responsibility to protect'. The Holy See believes that applies also in the context of climate change. States have a shared 'responsibility to protect' the world's climate through mitigation/adaptation, and above all a shared 'responsibility to protect' our planet and ensure that present and future generations be able to live in a healthy and safe environment."<ref>{{cite speech |publisher=Holy See Press Office |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2007/documents/rc_seg-st_20070924_ipcc_en.html |title=Intervention by the Holy See at the High-Level Event on Climate Change Entitled 'The Future is in Our Hands: Addressing the Leadership Challenge of Climate Change' |first=Pietro |last=Parolin |date=24 September 2007 |location=New York |archive-date=25 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825184152/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2007/documents/rc_seg-st_20070924_ipcc_en.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Parolin represented the Vatican in a variety of sensitive assignments, including trips to North Korea and Vietnam<ref>{{cite news| url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/francis-reboots-vatican-system-new-secretary-state| title=Francis reboots Vatican system with new Secretary of State| newspaper=[[National Catholic Reporter]]| date=31 August 2013| access-date=11 July 2017| archive-date=2 September 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902201159/http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/francis-reboots-vatican-system-new-secretary-state| url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the 2007 Annapolis Conference on the Middle East convened by the Bush administration to revive Israeli-Palestinian peace talks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=John L. Jr.|title=Parolin to represent the Holy See at Annapolis|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/parolin-represent-holy-see-annapolis|access-date=11 July 2017|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=26 November 2007|archive-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720051639/https://www.ncronline.org/news/parolin-represent-holy-see-annapolis|url-status=live}}</ref>

As the Vatican's "deputy foreign minister", Parolin dealt with all the sensitive dossiers on the Holy See's relations with Vietnam (he was partly responsible for paving the way to full diplomatic relations between the two) and the legal issues between the Vatican and Israel which remain unresolved. At the beginning of Pope Benedict's pontificate, direct contact was re-established with China.<ref name="VI" /> During his time as undersecretary, Parolin scored some significant breakthroughs, such as cementing ties between the Holy See and Vietnam,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=14541|title=Religious freedom, diplomatic relations in talks between Holy See and Hanoi|newspaper=Asia News (PIME)|date=20 February 2009|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612122119/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=14541|url-status=live}}</ref> re-establishing direct contact with Beijing in 2005 and helping secure the liberation of 15 British navy personnel captured by Iranian forces in the [[Persian Gulf]] in April 2007.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 December 2014|url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/cardinal-parolin-played-key-role-in-u.s.-cuba-negotiations#ixzz3NOfdqss4|title=Cardinal Parolin Played Key Role in U.S.–Cuba Negotiations|work=National Catholic Register|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721125012/http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/cardinal-parolin-played-key-role-in-u.s.-cuba-negotiations#ixzz3NOfdqss4|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Nuncio==
[[File:Monseñor Pietro Parolin, 2012.JPG|thumb|Monsignor Parolin during a mass in Caracas, July 2012]]
On 17 August 2009, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed Parolin [[Titular Archbishop]] of [[Acquapendente|Aquipendium]] and [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2009/08/17/0515/01206.html |title=Rinunce e nomine, 17.08.2009 |publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]] |date=17 August 2009 |access-date=24 June 2019 |archive-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427144258/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2009/08/17/0515/01206.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was consecrated a bishop on 12 September 2009 by Benedict XVI, with [[Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone]] and [[William Cardinal Levada]] as co-consecrators. The Venezuela assignment was expected to be difficult, since conflicts between the State and the [[Roman Catholicism in Venezuela|Church in Venezuela]] were on the rise as President [[Hugo Chávez]] attempted to advance his socialist revolution.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/pope-sends-top-diplomat-deal-chavez | title= Pope sends top diplomat to deal with Chavez | first=John L. Jr. | last=Allen | date= 18 August 2009 | work= National Catholic Reporter | access-date= 28 June 2018 | archive-date= 12 June 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612232733/https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/pope-sends-top-diplomat-deal-chavez | url-status= live }}</ref>

==Secretary of State==
[[File:President Obama and Cardinal Parolin.jpg|thumb|Parolin with US President [[Barack Obama]], 27 March 2014]]

On 31 August 2013, [[Pope Francis]] appointed Parolin [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], replacing Cardinal [[Tarcisio Bertone]]. Parolin took office on 15 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/08/31/il_papa_nomina_mons._pietro_parolin_nuovo_segretario_di_stato/it1-724390|title=Il Papa nomina Mons. Pietro Parolin nuove segretario di stato|publisher=Vatican Radio|language=it|date=31 August 2013|access-date=31 August 2013|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212112903/http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/08/31/il_papa_nomina_mons._pietro_parolin_nuovo_segretario_di_stato/it1-724390|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=povoledo>{{cite news|last1=Povoledo|first1=Elisabetta|title=Pope Appoints Diplomat as Vatican Secretary of State|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/world/europe/pope-fills-key-vatican-post.html|access-date=11 July 2017|work=New York Times|date=31 August 2013|archive-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726114549/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/world/europe/pope-fills-key-vatican-post.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At 58, Parolin became the youngest Secretary of State since 1929, when Cardinal [[Eugenio Pacelli]] (later Pope Pius XII) was appointed to the position at the age of 53. He said: "The pope's initiatives have given the secretary of state an impetus and have also created a new diplomatic momentum." When asked if he would be spearheading a new diplomatic offensive for peace, he noted that it was a complicated question but said, "Yes, I hope that we can recoup" that drive. "We have this great advantage in respect to other churches, to other religions: We can count on an international institutional presence through diplomacy," he said.<ref>{{cite news |access-date=11 July 2017 |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/vatican-s-new-top-diplomat-ready-to-ramp-up-network-for-peace.cfm |title=Vatican's new top diplomat ready to ramp up network for peace |publisher=[[Catholic News Service]] |date=9 September 2013 |first=Carol |last=Glatz |archive-date=11 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811210313/http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/vatican-s-new-top-diplomat-ready-to-ramp-up-network-for-peace.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 16 December, Parolin was named to a five-year renewable term as a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]].<ref>{{cite press release |publisher=Holy See Press Office |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/12/16/0845/01901.html |title=Rinunce e Nomine, 16.12.2013 |date=16 December 2013 |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-date=13 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232359/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/12/16/0845/01901.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 February 2014 he was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>{{cite news |work=Zenit |url=https://zenit.org/articles/pope-confirms-cardinal-sandri-as-prefect-of-the-congregation-for-oriental-churches/ |title=Pope Confirms Cardinal Sandri as Prefect of the Congregation for Oriental Churches |access-date=30 May 2018 |date=19 February 2015 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628154649/https://zenit.org/articles/pope-confirms-cardinal-sandri-as-prefect-of-the-congregation-for-oriental-churches/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Parolin became Francis' first cardinal when he was made [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela]] at a papal general consistory on 22 February 2014.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/02/22/0130/00280.html |title=Consistoro Ordinario Pubblico per la Creazione dei Nuovi Cardinali: Assegnazione dei Titoli o delle Diaconie ai Nuovi Porporati, 22.02.2014 |date=22 February 2014 |access-date=30 May 2018 |publisher=Holy See Press Office |language=it |archive-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006012632/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/02/22/0130/00280.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He attended meetings of the [[Council of Cardinal Advisers]] on a regular basis and in July 2014 became the council's ninth member.<ref>{{cite news | work= La Stampa | access-date= 30 May 2018 | date= 2 July 2014 | url= http://www.lastampa.it/2014/07/02/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/pope-and-c-express-esteem-for-von-freyberg-and-changes-are-on-the-horizon-for-the-ior-F5x47KBXXJYRwKZBI11drK/pagina.html | title= Pope and "C9" express esteem for Von Freyberg and changes are on the horizon for the IOR | archive-date= 21 July 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180721171635/http://www.lastampa.it/2014/07/02/vaticaninsider/eng/the-vatican/pope-and-c-express-esteem-for-von-freyberg-and-changes-are-on-the-horizon-for-the-ior-F5x47KBXXJYRwKZBI11drK/pagina.html | url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2014, Venezuela's President [[Nicolas Maduro]] invited Parolin to mediate talks between his government and opposition in hopes of stemming violence that killed dozens in the [[2014 Venezuelan protests|nation's worst unrest]] in a decade. He asked that Parolin, a former nuncio to Venezuela, be named a "good faith witness" to a dialogue the parties had agreed upon after two months of protests. Venezuela's opposition coalition had indicated that current nuncio, Archbishop Aldo Giordano, would be attending the first formal talks. Henrique Capriles, the opposition's two-time presidential candidate who narrowly lost an election to Maduro the year before, confirmed he would take part in the discussions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-protests-idUSBREA381VW20140409|title=Venezuela reaches out to Vatican No. 2 to mediate crisis|work=Reuters|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121102756/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-protests-idUSBREA381VW20140409|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2014, Parolin asked the United States to find an "adequate humanitarian solution" for prisoners held at the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]], a reflection of Pope Francis' concern that prisoners be treated with dignity and not be subject to inhumane treatment. Parolin made the request during a Vatican meeting with US Secretary of State [[John Kerry]]. The Vatican said they discussed the US commitment to closing the facility and that Parolin expressed the Holy See's desire that "favourable attention be paid to finding adequate humanitarian solutions for current inmates".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/15/vatican-us-humanitarian-solution-guantanamo-prisoners |title=Vatican asks US to find 'humanitarian solution' for Guantánamo prisoners |work=The Guardian |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090543/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/15/vatican-us-humanitarian-solution-guantanamo-prisoners |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Holy See was credited with playing a major role in the reestablishment of [[Cuba–United States relations|Cuba–US relations]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/pope-us-cuba-vatican-diplomacy|title=Renewed US–Cuba relations biggest success in Vatican diplomacy in decades|author=John Hooper|work=The Guardian|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=19 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219141230/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/pope-us-cuba-vatican-diplomacy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/12/18/cardinal_parolin_on_holy_see%E2%80%99s_role_in_us_cuba_agreement/1115269|title=Cardinal Parolin: on Holy See's role in US/Cuba agreement|work=Vatican Radio|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=3 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103173739/http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/12/18/cardinal_parolin_on_holy_see%E2%80%99s_role_in_us_cuba_agreement/1115269|url-status=live}}</ref> Parolin moderated the October 2014 meeting between Cuban and US officials as their negotiations neared an agreement.<ref>{{cite news | work= New York Times | access-date= 11 July 2017 | date= 17 December 2014 | title= Pope Francis Is Credited With a Crucial Role in U.S.–Cuba Agreement | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/world/americas/breakthrough-on-cuba-highlights-popes-role-as-diplomatic-broker.html | first1= Jim | last1= Yardley | first2= Gaia | last2= Piangiani | archive-date= 19 June 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170619001954/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/world/americas/breakthrough-on-cuba-highlights-popes-role-as-diplomatic-broker.html | url-status= live }}</ref> In 2015, Parolin was asked whether the normalization of Cuba–US relations pointed toward a new "golden age" of Vatican diplomacy. He said that "the president of the United States has already thanked the Pope for the support he has given to this important step" and said: "Holy See diplomacy is always there, to help to build bridges". Parolin also said the Holy See's diplomacy "is now more active…(not only) waiting, but also proposing (solutions for peace), since there are so many conflicts."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/31211/top-vatican-official-washington-nyc-likely-stops-on-papal-trip|title=Top Vatican Official: Washington, NYC likely stops on papal trip|work=Catholic News Agency|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205120316/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/top-vatican-official-washington-nyc-likely-stops-on-papal-trip-82648/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Parolin called for an intervention in Libya to stop a possible alliance between the country's Islamic government and the Islamic State. Parolin spoke about the chaos there after [[2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya|ISIS beheaded 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians]], describing the incident as "terrifying" and the situation "grave". He stressed the need for "a quick response". Parolin added that "any armed intervention must be carried forward under the framework of international law" and "under the umbrella of the United Nations".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/31541/vatican-secretary-of-state-urges-quick-response-to-crisis-in-libya|title=Vatican Secretary of State urges 'quick response' to crisis in Libya|work=Catholic News Agency|access-date=26 February 2015|archive-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226140829/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/vatican-secretary-of-state-urges-quick-response-to-crisis-in-libya-22037/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.va/en/news/cardinal-parolin-action-needed-in-libya-but-throug|title=Cardinal Parolin: Action needed in Libya, but through the United Nations|work=Vatican Radio|date=18 February 2015|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707155353/http://www.news.va/en/news/cardinal-parolin-action-needed-in-libya-but-throug|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2015, after the passage of the [[Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Bill 2015|Marriage Equality Referendum]] in Ireland, which extended marriage rights to same-sex couples, Parolin said: "I was very saddened by this result. I don't think we can speak only about a defeat for Christian principles, but a defeat for humanity."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/26/vatican-ireland-gay-marriage-referendum-vote-defeat-for-humanity |title=Vatican says Ireland gay marriage vote is 'defeat for humanity' |work=The Guardian |date=27 May 2015 |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029091042/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/26/vatican-ireland-gay-marriage-referendum-vote-defeat-for-humanity |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Financial Times |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/11f5b8f8-03df-11e5-8585-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3bJvcyq29 |title=Vatican cardinal calls Irish gay vote 'defeat for humanity' |date=27 May 2015 |access-date=27 May 2015 |archive-date=29 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529010631/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/11f5b8f8-03df-11e5-8585-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3bJvcyq29 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2015, he visited [[Abu Dhabi]] to inaugurate Saint Paul's Church in Musaffah, the city's second Catholic parish.<ref>{{cite news|title=Second catholic church in Abu Dhabi inaugurated|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/second-catholic-church-in-abu-dhabi-inaugurated|access-date=12 November 2015|work=Khaleej Times|date=12 June 2015|archive-date=2 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202055010/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/second-catholic-church-in-abu-dhabi-inaugurated|url-status=live}}</ref>

Parolin has stressed the importance of continuity. He believes Pope Francis simply tried to guide the church to be the church of Christ and rejected the idea that Francis was starting a revolution. Parolin defends the importance of unchangeable dogmas and asserts the relevance of sacred tradition. He has described celibacy as a discipline that could be changed, but cannot simply be dismissed as outdated.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen |first=John L. Jr. |url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/parolin-celibacy-democracy |title=New Secretary of State Parolin on celibacy, democracy |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=11 September 2013 |access-date=9 April 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728202227/https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/parolin-celibacy-democracy |url-status=live }}</ref> In a keynote speech at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in February 2016, Parolin defended celibacy as a "gift" that must be received and nurtured with "joyful perseverance" and criticized the suggestion that the shortage of vocations be addressed by modifying the requirement of priestly celibacy.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/3036/0/cardinal-parolin-scrapping-celibacy-is-no-solution-to-vocations-crisis |title=Cardinal Parolin: scrapping celibacy is no solution to vocations crisis |publisher=The Tablet |date=9 February 2016 |access-date=9 April 2017 |archive-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128175920/http://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/3036/0/cardinal-parolin-scrapping-celibacy-is-no-solution-to-vocations-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Mariano Rajoy recibe al secretario de Estado de la Santa Sede.jpg|thumb|Parolin with [[Prime Minister of Spain]] [[Mariano Rajoy]], 14 October 2016]]
In May 2016, Parolin visited Estonia to mark the 25th anniversary of the reintroduction of diplomatic relations between Estonia and the Holy See. He spoke at the University of Tartu on the precise meaning of their international relations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.va/en/news/card-parolin-defines-diplomatic-relations-of-the-h |title=Card. Parolin defines diplomatic relations of the Holy See |publisher=Vatican Radio |date=11 May 2016 |access-date=9 April 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809060000/http://www.news.va/en/news/card-parolin-defines-diplomatic-relations-of-the-h |url-status=live }}</ref> Parolin was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]] in October 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAROLIN Card. Pietro |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_parolin_p.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref> Following the resignation of Marie Collins from the [[Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors]], Parolin said she quit because she wanted to "shake the tree" in the Vatican. Collins said some members of the Church's administration, the [[Roman Curia]], have hindered and blocked the commission's efforts, naming the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]. Parolin called the lack of cooperation from some Vatican offices "shameful".<ref>{{cite news|last1=McElwee|first1=Joshua J.|title=Cardinal Muller responds to Collins and defends not answering survivors' letters|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/accountability/cardinal-muller-responds-collins-and-defends-not-responding-survivors-letters|access-date=11 July 2017|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=6 March 2017|archive-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314172357/https://www.ncronline.org/news/accountability/cardinal-muller-responds-collins-and-defends-not-responding-survivors-letters|url-status=live}}</ref>

Parolin told Italy's ''La Stampa'' the flow of migrants and refugees into Europe is testing "the spirit of solidarity and subsidiarity" of the European Union, and acknowledged the large number of people fleeing to the continent poses a security problem. "Terrorism certainly finds fertile ground in poverty, lack of jobs, and social marginalization", he said, adding that since World War II, Europe has tried to "free itself" from its cultural heritage and values, and this has created a vacuum in which young people cannot find the answers to their existential questions.<ref>{{cite news | work= CRUX | access-date= 11 July 2017 | title= Top Vatican official says Europe in a 'deep malaise' | url= https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2017/03/22/top-vatican-official-says-europe-deep-malaise/ | date= 22 March 2017 | archive-date= 20 April 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170420153533/https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2017/03/22/top-vatican-official-says-europe-deep-malaise/ | url-status= live }}</ref> In 2017, Parolin became the Vatican's first Secretary of State in 19 years to visit [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Vatican's secretary of state visits Moscow for the first time in 19 years|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2017/08/religious-diplomacy|access-date=26 August 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=25 August 2017|archive-date=25 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825212730/https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2017/08/religious-diplomacy|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Mateusz Morawiecki with Pietro Parolin.jpeg|thumb|Parolin shakes hands with [[Prime Minister of Poland]] [[Mateusz Morawiecki]], 4 June 2018]]
[[File:Ilham_Aliyev_met_with_Vatican_Secretary_of_State_Cardinal_Pietro_Parolin_05.jpg|thumb|Parolin with Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] and First Lady [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], 22 February 2020]]
In a 2018 interview, Cardinal [[Joseph Zen]] said "Pope Francis does not know the real Communist Party in China, but Parolin should know. He was there [in the Secretariat of State] so many years, so he must know. He may be happy to encourage the pope to be optimistic about the negotiations ... but that's dangerous. Pope Francis needs someone to calm him down from his enthusiasm." He added that "It seems the Secretary of State wants to have a solution anyway. He is so optimistic. That's dangerous. I told the pope that he [Parolin] has a poisoned mind. He is very sweet, but I have no trust in this person. He believes in diplomacy, not in our faith."<ref>{{cite news | url= https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/10/16/cardinal-says-popes-top-diplomat-poisoned-mind-china/ | title= Cardinal says pope's top diplomat has 'poisoned mind' on China | access-date= 30 May 2018 | work= Crux | date= 16 October 2017 | first= Christopher | last= White | archive-date= 31 August 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180831193537/https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/10/16/cardinal-says-popes-top-diplomat-poisoned-mind-china/ | url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/01/29/cardinal-zen-attacks-vatican-efforts-rehabilitate-government-appointed-chinese-bishops/ | title= Cardinal Zen attacks Vatican efforts to rehabilitate government-appointed Chinese bishops | work= Crux | access-date= 30 May 2018 | date= 29 January 2018 | first= Charles | last= Collins | archive-date= 18 February 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180218065843/https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/01/29/cardinal-zen-attacks-vatican-efforts-rehabilitate-government-appointed-chinese-bishops/ | url-status= live }}</ref> Parolin countered that "no personal point of view can be considered as an exclusive interpreter of what is good for Chinese Catholics" and said: "If someone is asked to make a sacrifice, small or great, it must be clear to everyone that this is not the price of a political exchange, but falls within the evangelical perspective of a greater good, the good of the Church of Christ."<ref>{{cite news | work= Catholic Herald | title= Cardinal Parolin defends Vatican's strategy in China | url= http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/01/31/cardinal-parolin-defends-vaticans-strategy-in-china/ | access-date= 30 May 2018 | date= 31 January 2018 | archive-date= 2 June 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180602024224/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/01/31/cardinal-parolin-defends-vaticans-strategy-in-china/ | url-status= live }}</ref>

Pope Francis raised him to the rank of [[Cardinal Bishop]] effective 28 June 2018.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher=Holy See Press Office | date=26 June 2018 | access-date=28 June 2018 | url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/06/26/180626c.html | title=Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi | archive-date=24 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024195711/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/06/26/180626c.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2018, Parolin said that Paul VI had rejected a version of ''Humane Vitae'' that "was limited to a rigorous reaffirmation of doctrine to which Christians and all people were asked to adhere docilely and without reservation". Post-publication debates, Parolin said, made it impossible for many people to see its accent on mercy.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://catholicphilly.com/2018/10/news/world-news/battlefield-of-polemics-in-writing-humanae-clouded-stress-on-mercy/ | title = 'Battlefield' of polemics in writing 'Humanae' clouded stress on mercy | last = Wooden | first = Cindy | date = 2018-10-19 | website = Catholic Philly | access-date = 2020-07-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190803045123/http://catholicphilly.com/2018/10/news/world-news/battlefield-of-polemics-in-writing-humanae-clouded-stress-on-mercy/ | archive-date = 2019-08-03}}</ref>

In 2019, Parolin defended the Holy See–China agreement on the appointment of bishops. On 3 April, Parolin told journalists, "We signed this agreement to help advance religious freedom, to find normalization for the Catholic community there, and then for all other religions to have space and a role to play in society which is recognized." [[Steve Bannon]] said that he might lead a lawsuit to compel the Holy See to release the text of the deal under the terms of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/04/04/facing-criticism-of-china-deal-vaticans-top-diplomat-says-be-patient/ |title=Facing criticism of China deal, Vatican's top diplomat says 'be patient' |access-date=6 April 2019 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405175931/https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/04/04/facing-criticism-of-china-deal-vaticans-top-diplomat-says-be-patient/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Earlier in 2015, Parolin was ''ex officio'' a member of the Commission of Cardinals of the [[Institute for the Works of Religion]]. On 21 September 2020, at the end of its five-year mandate, a new board makeup was announced, omitting the Secretary of State, thus Pope Francis did not confirm Parolin in the role.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IOR: Secretariat of State out of the Cardinals commission – CNA Columns: A Vatican Observer|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/column/54233/ior-secretariat-of-state-out-of-the-cardinals-commission|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Catholic News Agency – By Andrea Gagliarducci|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015174146/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/column/ior-secretariat-of-state-out-of-the-cardinals-commission-4234|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, he confirmed Parolin's membership of the Council of Cardinals.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/10/15/201015b.html | title = Resignations and Appointments, 15.10.2020 | date = 15 October 2020 | access-date = 15 October 2020 | archive-date = 17 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201017213631/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/10/15/201015b.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

Following the [[Taliban]] victory in Afghanistan in August 2021, Pope Francis appointed Parolin to engage in talks with the Taliban in order to discourage them from taking reprisal measures on civilians who worked with the coalition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glatz |first1=Carol |title=Pope Francis: Afghanistan withdrawal was not completely thought through |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2021/08/31/pope-francis-afghanistan-withdrawal-241313 |access-date=2 September 2021 |work=America Magazine |date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902150015/https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2021/08/31/pope-francis-afghanistan-withdrawal-241313 |url-status=live }}</ref> A communiqué from Parolin on the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], without naming Vladimir Putin, said that while the worst-case scenario was unfolding, "there is still time for goodwill, there is still room for negotiation, there is still room to exercise a wisdom that prevents partisan interests from prevailing, that protects the legitimate aspirations of all and spares the world the folly and horrors of war".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7634895/vatican-hopes-theres-time-for-ukraine/?cs=14264 |title=Vatican hopes there's time for Ukraine |work=[[The Canberra Times]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224161427/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7634895/vatican-hopes-theres-time-for-ukraine/?cs=14264 |url-status=live }}</ref> The previous day Pope Francis had urged politicians to make an exercise of conscience before God for their actions over Ukraine, and declared 2 March, Ash Wednesday, as an international day of fasting and prayer for peace.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289558/ncrd1289586#blogHeader |title=Pope Francis tells politicians to examine their consciences before God over Ukraine crisis |website=[[NBC News]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224161430/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289558/ncrd1289586#blogHeader |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2022, Parolin stated that supplying weapons to Ukraine to help it defend itself is morally legitimate, "There is a right to armed defence in the case of aggression."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/vatican-number-two-says-giving-ukraine-weapons-legitimate-with-conditions-2022-05-13/ | title=Vatican number two says giving Ukraine weapons legitimate, with conditions | newspaper=Reuters | date=13 May 2022 | last1=Pullella | first1=Philip | access-date=14 May 2022 | archive-date=14 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514174828/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/vatican-number-two-says-giving-ukraine-weapons-legitimate-with-conditions-2022-05-13/ | url-status=live }}</ref> He attended the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla|coronation of the British King Charles III and Queen Camilla]] on 6 May 2023, representing Pope Francis.<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-05/pope-coronation-charles-iii-parolin-vatican-secretary-state.html Cardinal Parolin to represent Pope Francis at Coronation]</ref>

In 2023, Parolin said there was a need for dialogue with the German bishops [[Synodal Way|after a recent vote in favour of blessing same-sex unions]], insisting that the move does not align with official Catholic doctrine. Parolin said, "A local, particular church cannot make a decision like that which involves the discipline of the Universal Church. There must certainly be a discussion with Rome and the rest of the Churches in the world ... to clarify what are the decisions to make."<ref>[https://cruxnow.com/10th-anniversary-pope-francis-election/2023/03/popes-top-aide-says-germany-cant-go-it-alone-on-blessing-same-sex-unions Pope’s top aide says Germany can’t go it alone on blessing same-sex unions]</ref> In July 2023, he visited Armenia and Azerbaijan to promote peace talks between the two states.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2023/07/popes-top-diplomat-undertakes-quiet-peace-mission-in-armenia-azerbaijan | title=Pope's top diplomat undertakes quiet peace mission in Armenia, Azerbaijan | date=15 July 2023 }}</ref> He participated in the [[Global Faith Leaders COP28 Summit]] in [[Abu Dhabi]] on 6–7 November 2023,<ref>Wells, C., [https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-11/parolin-religious-leaders-and-climate-change.html Cardinal Parolin underlines Holy See's commitment to climate action], ''Vatican News'', published 7 November 2023, accessed 1 December 2023</ref> and read the Pope's climate change statement at [[2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP28]] on his behalf as the pope was unable to attend due to ill health.<ref>McGrath, M., [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67599985 Pope Francis calls for end to fossil fuels at COP28 in Dubai], ''BBC News'', published 2 December 2023, accessed 3 December 2023</ref>

Parolin was repeatedly referred to as ''[[papabile]]'', and was widely considered a favorite candidate to succeed Francis as Pope.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.afntijuana.info/editoriales/29644_un_cardenal_papabile_visita_mexico| title=Un Cardenal "papabile" visita México| work=AFN Tijuana| access-date=30 May 2018| agency=Agencia Fronteriza de Noticias| date=17 July 2014| language=es| archive-date=12 June 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612112921/http://www.afntijuana.info/editoriales/29644_un_cardenal_papabile_visita_mexico| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://catholicherald.co.uk/issues/november-10th-2017/how-cardinal-parolin-won-the-vatican-civil-war/|title=How Cardinal Parolin won the Vatican civil war|access-date=30 May 2018|work=Catholic Herald|date=9 November 2017|first=Mark|last=Drew|archive-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525074026/http://catholicherald.co.uk/issues/november-10th-2017/how-cardinal-parolin-won-the-vatican-civil-war/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://espresso.repubblica.it/opinioni/settimo-cielo/2017/10/04/news/e-dopo-francesco-ecco-tre-candidati-1.311419 |title=E dopo Francesco? ecco tre candidati |access-date=30 May 2018 |work=L'Espresso |date=4 October 2017 |language=it |first=Sandro |last=Magister |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612214146/http://espresso.repubblica.it/opinioni/settimo-cielo/2017/10/04/news/e-dopo-francesco-ecco-tre-candidati-1.311419 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was a [[Cardinal electors in the 2025 papal conclave|cardinal elector]] in the [[2025 papal conclave]] held after the passing of Pope Francis.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Cardinal Electors |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506193115/https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=Catholic-Hierarchy.org |language=en}}</ref> Entering the conclave, he was seen by the media and betting markets as one of the favorites to take the papacy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-07 |title=Top 5 favorites to replace Pope Francis after first day of conclave |url=https://www.newsweek.com/papal-conclave-betting-odds-first-day-voting-2069336 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Conor |title=Parolin Surges In Papal Betting Odds After Conclave Ends |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/05/08/pope-betting-odds-parolin-leads-prediction-markets-while-tagle-surges-though-experts-say-election-is-unpredictable/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> According to the Italian media after the conclave, his candidacy faltered when his vote count stagnated between 40–50 votes, well short of the 89 votes required to achieve the two-thirds supermajority needed to become pope.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=Parolin sconfitto e la delusione degli italiani Zuppi e Pizzaballa: cosa è successo nel Conclave? «Chi entra da Papa, ne esce cardinale» |url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/vaticano/parolin_sconfitto_perche_cosa_e_successo_conclave_retroscena_italiani_pizzaballa_zuppi_ultime_notizie-8825478.html |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.ilmessaggero.it |language=it}}</ref> The conclave ultimately elected Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost of the United States and Peru as the new Pope, taking the name [[Pope Leo XIV]]. As the most senior cardinal bishop present in the room, Cardinal Parolin carried out the duty of asking the Pope-elect if he would accept the papacy and what his papal name would be.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-28 |title=Conclave: Everything you need to know about electing a new pope |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/04/28/papal-transition-new-pope-conclave-2025-250480 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=America Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=Prevost, quanti voti ha preso nel Conclave? La conta (insufficiente) di Parolin, il piano B italiano con Filoni e lo "sgambetto" americano: così è stato eletto Papa |url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/vaticano/prevost_quanti_voti_ha_preso_conclave_parolin_tradito_italiani_pizzaballa_zuppi_piano_b_filoni-8827339.html |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.ilmessaggero.it |language=it}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Parolin speaks his native [[Venetian language|Venetian]] and Italian, and is also fluent in English, French, and Spanish.<ref name="povoledo" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.quotidiano.net/primo_piano/2013/09/02/943397-bimbo_parolin_cinquant_anni.shtml |title=Il bimbo Parolin, cinquant anni fa «Da grande voglio fare il Papa» |date=2 September 2013 }}</ref>

==Positions==
=== Foreign policy ===
Parolin visited Ukraine to close a popular Marian pilgrimage, and met with civil and ecclesial authorities amid the Holy See's continued push for peace. Parolin's 19–24 July trip was his first official visit since the Russia invasion of Ukraine.<ref>[https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2024/07/top-vatican-diplomat-makes-first-visit-to-ukraine-since-war Top Vatican diplomat makes first visit to Ukraine since war]</ref><ref>[https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/cardinal-parolin-visits-war-torn Cardinal Parolin visits war-torn Ukraine]</ref> At [[2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP 29]] in November 2024,  Colombia's environment minister said that Parolin had aligned with Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iran, and Egypt to obstruct a deal which would have provided support, including financial help, for women at the forefront of climate change.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdxvpl5zw19o Vatican in row at climate talks over gender rights]</ref> In February 2025, when the [[Pope Francis#Health|pope's health worsened]], Parolin rejected rumours that Pope Francis would resign.<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-02/parolin-fernandez-pope-health-no-resignation.html Cardinal Parolin: 'Unfounded speculation' on Pope’s resignation]</ref> In 2025, Parolin, along with Archbishop [[Paul Gallagher (bishop)|Paul Gallagher]] met [[JD Vance]] for "an exchange of opinions on the international situation, especially regarding countries affected by war, political tensions and difficult humanitarian situations, with particular attention to migrants, refugees, and prisoners".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/19/jd-vance-trump-administration-vatican-meeting-cardinal-pietro-parolin JD Vance had ‘exchange of opinions’ with senior cardinal, Vatican says]</ref>

==== Arab-Israeli conflict ====
Positions taken by Parolin include denouncing [[Israel]] and its [[Gaza genocide|actions in Gaza]], calling for a halt in [[War crimes in the Gaza war|war crimes]] and protection of citizens. He criticized [[Donald Trump's Gaza Strip proposal]], saying that "whoever was born and has lived in Gaza must remain on their land".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=McElwee |first=Joshua |date=February 14, 2025 |title='No deportations': Vatican's top diplomat rebukes Trump's Gaza plan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/no-deportations-vaticans-top-diplomat-rebukes-trumps-gaza-plan-2025-02-14/ |access-date=May 2, 2025 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

Parolin maintains the traditional views of the Church [[Catholicism and Zionism|regarding Zionism]] and support for a [[two-state solution]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Carvalho |first=Isabella |date=2025-03-24 |title=Cardinal Parolin: 'There is no longer any respect for humanitarian law' - Vatican News |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-03/cardinal-parolin-no-respect-for-humanitarian-law-gaza.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=[[Vatican News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Herman |first=Deb |date=2025-03-13 |title=Why the Catholic church must recognize Israel as the eternal inheritance of the Jewish people |url=https://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/why-the-catholic-church-must-recognize-israel-as-the-eternal-inheritance-of-the-jewish-people/ |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=The Jewish Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> In February 2024, Cardinal Parolin told reporters that it was time for Israel to change its strategy in Gaza, how there are “other paths have to be found to resolve the problem of Gaza, the problem of Palestine.”<ref>[https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2025/05/relations-with-israel-at-a-historic-low-as-holy-see-waits-for-next-pope Relations with Israel at a historic low as Holy See waits for next Pope]</ref>

On February 13, 2024, he stated: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Associated |title=Israel complains after Vatican denounces 'carnage' and disproportionate response in Gaza |url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/israel-complains-after-vatican-denounces-carnage-and-disproportionate-response |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=National Catholic Reporter |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Israel's right to self-defense has been invoked to justify that this operation is proportional, but with 30,000 dead, it's not.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>The Israeli Embassy to the Holy See called his remarks "a deplorable declaration".<ref>{{cite web |date=15 February 2024 |title=Israel chastises top papal aide for 'deplorable' Gaza remarks |url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2024/02/israel-chastises-top-papal-aide-for-deplorable-gaza-remarks}}</ref> 

==== China ====
Parolin is credited as responsible for a controversial and unpublished [[China–Holy See relations|Holy See-China agreement]] first reached in 2018, by which the Vatican recognizes the Communist Party-approved Church in China alongside the underground church, seems not to criticize control or persecution of Catholics, and is thought to enjoy final say over the appointment of bishops. He was pointedly criticized for the deal and accused of 'blatantly lying' about it and 'manipulating the Pope' by [[Cardinal Joseph Zen]] of Hong Kong.<ref> [https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/43933/cardinal-zen-parolin-manipulates-the-pope-and-vaticans-china-policy-is-immoral] </ref> When Zen was arrested in 2022, Parolin expressed sadness but reiterated his hope that the deal be renewed, and reiterated that hope again in 2024.<ref> [https://www.ncregister.com/cna/vatican-secretary-of-state-very-sorry-about-cardinal-zen-arrest-hopes-it-will-not-complicate-vatican-china-dialogue] </ref><ref> [https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2024/05/vatican-wants-china-deal-to-be-renewed Vatican wants China deal to be renewed]</ref> Ahead of the 2025 conclave, Parolin's association with the China agreement was named as a likely obstacle to the possibility of him being elected Pope.<ref>[https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/papal-front-runner-cardinal-parolins-bid-has-2-obstacles-china-and-vatican-finances]</ref> 

===Euthanasia and living wills===
Concerning [[euthanasia]], he condemned the decision of countries to introduce it into their legal systems, stating that it is motivated by "[[hubris]]", or "the violent arrogance of those who want to put themselves on a par with God" in deciding when to die. When [[Italy]] approved the law on living wills, he invoked [[conscientious objection]] on certain points of the new legislation as legitimate and necessary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.agi.it/innovazione/eutanasia_parolin_si_chiama_ubris_il_veleno_che_la_spinge-249002/news/2015-04-24/|title=Eutanasia: Parolin, si chiama 'Ubris' il veleno che la spinge|date=24 April 2015 |access-date=January 11, 2023|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vaticannews.cn/it/vaticano/news/2017-12/parolin-biotestamento-obiezione-coscienza.html|title=Parolin: biotestamento, obiezione di coscienza è legittima|website=[[Vatican News]]|date=2017-12-20|language=it|access-date=2023-01-11}}</ref>

===Ecclesiastical celibacy===
In an interview with the Venezuelan newspaper ''[[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]'', he said he was open to revising the rule that requires celibacy for clergy of the [[Roman Rite|Latin rite]]: "Celibacy is not a [[dogma]] of the Church" and "can be discussed because it is an ecclesiastical tradition". "It is possible to talk and reflect on issues that are not defined by faith, and to consider certain changes, but always in the service of unity and always according to God's will."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |website=[[linkiesta|linkiesta.it]] |url=http://www.linkiesta.it/parolin-celibato#ixzz2eW1WAoBH |date=10 September 2013 |language=it |title=Il successore di Bertone apre su celibato e democrazia |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-date=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020816/http://www.linkiesta.it/parolin-celibato#ixzz2eW1WAoBH |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Democracy in the Church===
In the same interview, he addressed the issue of [[democracy]] in the Church: "Greater democratisation is certainly needed in the Church." "It has always been said that the Church is not a democracy. However, in these times there is a greater democratic spirit in the common feeling that must be listened to carefully, and I believe that the Pope has indicated this as a goal of his pontificate."<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

===Same-sex marriage===
In 2015, following the Irish citizens' approval of the referendum legalising same-sex marriage, the cardinal declared that the outcome of the vote was "a defeat for humanity", saying he was very saddened by what had happened.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www-repubblica-it.translate.goog/politica/2015/05/26/news/cardinale_parolin_si_a_nozze_gay_una_sconfitta_per_l_umanita_-115335459/?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=wapp|title=Santa Sede: "Sì a nozze gay, una sconfitta per l'umanità"|website=[[La Repubblica]]|date=26 May 2015 |access-date=January 11, 2023|language=it}}</ref>

===Blessing of homosexuals===
Following the promulgation of ''[[Fiducia supplicans]]'' and protests from traditionalist Catholics and some bishops, particularly in Africa, he refused to comment on the legality of the document, limiting himself to saying that there has always been "change in the Church, the Church is open and attentive to the signs of the times but must be faithful to the Gospel."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider/it/2024/01/12/news/parolin_con_la_benedizione_delle_coppie_gay_toccato_un_punto_delicato_serviranno_ulteriori_approfondimenti-13990374/|title=Parolin: "Con la benedizione delle coppie gay toccato un punto delicato, serviranno ulteriori approfondimenti"|author=Domenico Agasso|date=January 12, 2024|language=it|website=[[La Stampa]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250423102654/https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider/it/2024/01/12/news/parolin_con_la_benedizione_delle_coppie_gay_toccato_un_punto_delicato_serviranno_ulteriori_approfondimenti-13990374/|archive-date=April 23, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Distinctions==
* {{flag|Italy}}: [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] (2005)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=161548|title=Dettaglio decorato – Parolin Rev.mo Mons. Pietro|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica|language=it|access-date=31 August 2013|archive-date=26 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226222440/http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=161548|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Serbia}}: Cross of the [[Order of the Republic of Serbia]] (2015)
* {{flag|Romania}}: [[Order of the Star of Romania]]
* {{flag|Mexico}}: Band of the [[Order of the Aztec Eagle]] (2014)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5352205&fecha=14%2F07%2F2014 |title=Diario Oficial de la Federación |publisher=DOF |date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 April 2017 |language=es |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212212/http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5352205&fecha=14%2F07%2F2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Latvia}}: [[Order of the Three Stars]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.president.lv/lv/apbalvotie-un-statistika |title=Apbalvotie un statistika |publisher=president.lv |access-date=2022-05-30 |language=Latvian |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609155422/https://www.president.lv/lv/apbalvotie-un-statistika |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Cardinals created by Francis]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

;Additional sources
*{{cite news|first=Edward|last=Pentin|url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/pope-picks-highly-credentialed-diplomat-for-vatican-secretary-of-state| access-date= 4 June 2018| date=3 September 2013 |title= Pope Picks Highly Credentialed Diplomat for Vatican Secretary of State | work=National Catholic Register}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}

* {{cite web| access-date = 23 November 2017| title= Parolin Card. Pietro |publisher= [[Holy See Press Office]] | url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_parolin_p.html | url-status=live | archive-date= 4 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062736/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_parolin_p.html }}
*[https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/parolins-last-interview-taking-top-vatican-job Interview, Nuncio to Venezuela, 2013]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Celestino Migliore]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)|Undersecretary for Relations with States]]|years=2002–2009}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Giacinto Berloco]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]]|years=17 August 2009 – 15 October 2013}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Luigi Boccadoro]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=Archbishop of [[Acquapendente|Aquipendium]]|years=17 August 2009 – 22 February 2014}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Tarcisio Bertone]]|rows=3}} 
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Interdicasterial Commission on Particular Churches]]|years=15 October 2013 – present}}
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{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe]]|years=15 October 2013 – present}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Protector of the [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]|years=15 October 2013 – present}}
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{{s-bef|before=titular church established}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela|Cardinal Priest of Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela]]|years=22 February 2014 – 28 June 2018}}
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{{s-bef|before=Himself as Cardinal Priest}}
{{s-ttl|title=Cardinal Bishop of Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo e Torre Angela|years=28 June 2018 – present}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Tarcisio Bertone]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[Cardinal Secretary of State]]|years=15 October 2013 – present}}
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{{Cardinals of the Catholic Church}}
{{Pope Benedict XVI}}
{{Pope Francis}}
{{Foreign relations of the Holy See}}
{{Vatican City topics}}
{{Holy See}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Parolin, Pietro}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Venezuela]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Francis]]
[[Category:Cardinal Secretaries of State]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]]
[[Category:Members of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
[[Category:Members of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]]
[[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Vicenza]]
[[Category:Schiavon]]
[[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Benedict XVI]]