View source for Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten

{{short description|Painter and writer from the Northern Netherlands}}

{{Infobox artist
  | name           = Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten
  | image          = Samuel van Hoogstraten - Zelfportret.jpg
  | caption        = <small>''Self-portrait ca. 1647''</small>
  | birth_name 	   = Samuel van Hoogstraten
  | birth_date     = {{birth date|df=yes|1627|8|02}}
  | birth_place	   = [[Dordrecht]]
  | death_date     = {{death date and age|df=yes|1678|10|19|1627|8|02}}
  | death_place	   = [[Dordrecht]]
  | nationality    = Dutch
  | field          = Painting, writer
  | movement       = [[Baroque]]
  | website        = 
}}
'''Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten''' (2 August 1627, in [[Dordrecht]] – 19 October 1678, in Dordrecht) was a [[Dutch Golden Age painter]], who was also a poet and author on art theory.

==Biography==
Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten trained first with his father [[Dirk van Hoogstraten]] and stayed in Dordrecht until about 1640. On the death of his father, he moved to [[Amsterdam]] where he entered the workshop of [[Rembrandt]]{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}. A short time later, he started out on his own as a master and painter of portraits.

He later made several travels which took him (1651) to [[Vienna]], Rome and London, finally retiring to Dordrecht. There he married in 1656, and held an appointment as provost of the mint{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}.

==Paintings and etches==
[[File:Tromp-l'oeil Still-Life 1664 Hoogstraeten.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''[[Trompe-l'œil]]'' still life, 1664]]
[[File:View of a Corridor 1662 Samuel van Hoogstraten.jpg|right|thumb|View of a Corridor, [[Dyrham Park]], 1662]]
A sufficient number of Van Hoogstraten's works have been preserved to show that he strove to imitate different styles at different times. In a portrait dated 1645, currently in the Lichtenstein collection in Vienna, he imitates Rembrandt. He continued in this vein until as late as 1653 when he produced a figure of a bearded man looking out of a window. This, one of the more characteristic examples of his style, is exhibited in the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna]]. He was also skilled at [[trompe-l'œil]] still lifes.

A view of the Vienna Hofburg, dated 1652, displays his skill as a painter of architecture. In contrast, a piece at the Hague representing a "Lady Reading a Letter as she crosses a Courtyard" (Mauritshuis) or a "Lady Consulting a Doctor," (in the [[Rijksmuseum]] at Amsterdam), imitates [[Pieter de Hooch|de Hooch]]. One of his last remaining works is a portrait of Mathys van den Brouck, dated 1670.

Hoogstraten also employed his skill with perspective to construct "[[peepshow]]s", or "[[perspective box]]es".  For example, ''A Peepshow with Views of the Interior of a Dutch House''<ref>[http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/samuel-van-hoogstraten-a-peepshow-with-views-of-the-interior-of-a-dutch-house National Gallery display] of Hoogstraten's perspective box.</ref> is a box with convincing 3D views of the interior of a Dutch house when viewed through peepholes on either end of the box.<ref name=Houbraken>[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/houb005groo01_01/houb005groo01_01_0256.htm Samuel van Hoogstraten Biography] in ''De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen'' (1718) by [[Arnold Houbraken]], courtesy of the [[Digital library for Dutch literature]] {{in lang|nl}}<!--Middle Dutch--></ref> One of his perspective boxes is on show at the [[National Gallery]] in London. It shows the interior of a typical Dutch house of his time.

He produced many [[etching]]s as well, and some of his plates are still preserved. His [[self-portrait]], engraved by himself at the age of fifty, still exists.

His pupils were his younger brother [[Jan van Hoogstraten]], [[Aert de Gelder]], [[Cornelis van der Meulen]], and [[Godfried Schalcken]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035928/https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/39579 Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten] in the [[RKD]]</ref>

==Literary work==
===Art theoretician===
Van Hoogstraten's fame derives from his versatile career as a painter, poet and zealous social climber{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}. Besides painting and directing a mint, he devoted some of his time to literary labours. His ''[[magnum opus]]'' is a book on painting, the ''Introduction to the Academy of Painting, or the Visible World'' (original title: 'Inleyding tot de hooge schoole der schilderkonst: anders de zichtbaere werelt', Rotterdam, 1678) which is in length and theoretical scope one of the most ambitious treatises on the art of painting published in the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8iL0uoNEJXUC&q=%22illusionism+in+Dutch+and+Flemish+Art%22 Thijs Weststeijn, 'The Visible World: Samuel Van Hoogstraten's Art Theory and the Legitimation of Painting in the Dutch Golden Age'], Amsterdam University Press, 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/titels/titel.php?id=hoog006inle01 Inleyding tot de hooge schoole der schilderkonst: anders de zichtbaere werelt) (1678)] in the [[Digital library for Dutch literature|DBNL]] {{in lang|nl}}<!--Middle Dutch--></ref> It covers issues such as pictorial persuasion and illusionism, the painter's moral standards and the relation of painting to philosophy, referring to various ancient and modern authors. While reacting to international, mainly Southern European ideas on painting which Van Hoogstraten may have encountered during his travels, the treatise also reflects contemporary talk and thought on art from Dutch studios. He wrote it as a sequel to [[Karel van Mander]]'s early-17th-century book on painting and painters entitled ''[[Schilder-boeck|Het Schilder-Boeck]]''.  One of van Hoogstraten's many students, [[Arnold Houbraken]], later wrote the book entitled ''[[The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters]]'', which included a biography of his teacher. This biography is the basis of most of the information that we have about van Hoogstraten today.

===Sonnets and tragedies===
Van Hoogstraten also composed [[sonnet]]s and [[tragedies]]. We are indebted to him for some of the familiar sayings of Rembrandt{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}.

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="133" caption="Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten's paintings">
File:Adoration by the shepherds, by Samuel van Hoogstraten.jpg|''[[Adoration of the Shepherds]]'', 58.2 × 70.8&nbsp;cm, 1647
File:Brunaille Self-Portrait Hoogstraten.png|Brunaille Self-Portrait, 1677, Panel, 20 x 16.4 cm, Dordrechts Museum
File:S. van Hoogstraten Portrait of Matheus van den Broucke.jpg|Portrait of Mattheus van den Broucke (1620–85), Governor of the Indies, with the gold chain and medal presented to him by the Dutch East India Company in 1670
File:Portrait Norton Knatchbull 1667 Hoogstraten.png|Portrait of Norton Knatchbull, Canvas, 208.5 x 131.5 cm, Dordrechts Museum
File:Samuel van Hoogstraten - The Anaemic Lady.jpg|''The anemic lady'', c. 1667
File:Young woman half-door 1645 hoogstraten.png|alt=A young woman leaning over an open half-door.|Young woman at half-door, 1645, Canvas, 102.5 x 85.1 cm, Art Institute of Chicago
File:Samuel van Hoogstraten - Mother with a Child in a Wicker Cradle - WGA11723.jpg|''Mother with a Child in a Wicker Cradle'', second half of 17th century
File:Samuel van Hoogstraten, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Gemäldegalerie - Alter Mann im Fenster - GG 378 - Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg|Hoogstraten's ''Man at a Window'', 1653 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)
File:Young man reading with Vanitas still life.png|alt= A young man is sitting at a desk, reading a book.|Young man reading with Vanitas still life, Panel, 58 x 74 cm, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
File:Samuel van Hoogstraten - Vanitas Stilleven met denken jonge man.jpg|''[[Vanitas]]'', 87.6 × 89.5&nbsp;cm, 1640
File:Trompe-l’œil still life 1655 hoogstraten.png|alt=A still life painting of ordinary everyday objects hanging from a wooden door.|Trompe-l’œil still life, 1655, canvas, 92,5 x 72cm, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
File:Innerer Burgplatz.jpg|alt=The Innerer Burgplatz in Vienna|Inner courtyard of the Vienna Hofburg, 1652, Panel, 78.6 x 84.5 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna
File:Samuel van Hoogstraten - View of a Corridor - WGA11721.jpg|''View of a Corridor'', c. 1670
File:Perspective view with a young man reading in a renaissance palace.png|Perspective view with a young man reading in a renaissance palace, 1662/67, Canvas, 238.5 x 174 cm, Dordrechts Museum
File:Perspective View with a Woman Reading a Letter by Samuel van Hoogstraten Mauritshuis 66.jpg|Perspective View with a Woman Reading a Letter, 1670, Canvas, 214 x 179 cm, [[Mauritshuis|Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis]]
File:View of the north transept of Westminster Abbey.png|alt=A church being viewed through a frame inside the picture.|View of the north transept of Westminster Abbey, 1662/67, Canvas, 156 x 110 cm, Dordrechts Museum
File:The triumph of truth and justice hoogstraten.png|alt=A nude woman holding a scale and a mirror, while standing in front of an ornate pillar.|The triumph of truth and justice, 1670, Canvas, 205 x 200 cm, Private collection
File:Self-Portrait young Hoogstraten 1645.png|Self-Portrait, Panel, 54.1 x 44.8 cm, Die fürstlichen Sammlungen, Vaduz-Vienna,
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Hoogstraten, Samuel Dirksz van|volume=13|page=669}}
*{{in lang|nl}}<!--Middle Dutch--> [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/houb005groo01_01/houb005groo01_01_0256.htm Samuel van Hoogstraten biography] in ''De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen'' (1718) by [[Arnold Houbraken]], courtesy of the [[Digital library for Dutch literature]]

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}
* [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/cgi-bin/WebObjects.dll/CollectionPublisher.woa/wa/work?workNumber=NG3832 Peepshow box at the National Gallery]
* [http://www.pubhist.com/person/117/samuel-van-hoogstraten Works and literature on Samuel van Hoogstraten]
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/65202/rec/17 Vermeer and The Delft School], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/59153/rec/1 Dutch and Flemish paintings from the Hermitage], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten (cat. no. 13)

{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoogstraten, Samuel Van}}
[[Category:1627 births]]
[[Category:1678 deaths]]
[[Category:Dutch printmakers]]
[[Category:Dutch Golden Age painters]]
[[Category:Dutch male painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Dordrecht]]
[[Category:Members of the Bentvueghels]]
[[Category:Artist authors]]
[[Category:Pupils of Rembrandt]]