View source for Sheikh Hasan ibn Sheikh Adi II

{{Infobox deity|type=Yazidism|name=Melik Şêxsin|deity_of=The Master of the Pen|member_of=the Heptad|venerated_in=[[Yazidism]]|associate=|symbols=The Pen, writing and books|ethnic_group=[[Kurds]] ([[Yazidis]])|region=[[Kurdistan]]|father=|children=|predecessor=}}{{Short description|Yazidi saint}} {{Infobox person|honorific_prefix=|name=|image=|caption=|native_name=|native_name_lang=|pronunciation=|other_names=|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=1254|death_place=[[Kurdistan]]|resting_place=|occupation=Religious leader|era=[[Abbasid dynasty|Late Abbasid era]] and [[Mongol Empire]]|known_for=|predecessor=Sheikh Adi II ibn Sakhr Bin Barakat|successor=[[Sheikh Sharaf ad-Din ibn al-Hasan|Sharaf ad-Dīn ibn al-Hasan]]|spouse=|partner=|children={{unbulleted list|Şêx Brahîmê Xetimî|Şêxê Êtîma|[[Musa Sor|Şêx Mûsê Sor]]|[[Sharaf ad-Din ibn al-Hasan|Şêx Şerfedîn]]|Şêx Zêndîn|Sitiya Gul}}|parents=|mother=|father=Sheikh Adi II ibn Sakhr Bin Barakat|relatives=|family=Adani}} {{Yazidism}} [[Sheikh]] '''Hasan ibn Sheikh ‘Adī II''' ({{Langx|ku|Şêx Hesen or Şêx Sin}}) is a holy and historical figure who is revered in [[Yazidism]] and considered the physical or earthly incarnation of Melik Şêxsin,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rodziewicz|first=Artur|title=Eros and the pearl: the Yezidi cosmogonic myth at the crossroads of mystical traditions|date=2022|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-631-88043-2|location=Berlin|pages=616-620}}</ref> one of the Seven Divine Beings to whom God assigned the World's affairs. Melik Şêxsin is associated with the Pen and consequently with writing and books, he is thus called Xudanê Qelemê (The Master of the Pen). [[Yazidi social organization|Adani Sheikhs]] are the descendants of Sheikh Hasan and were traditionally the only ones in [[Yazidi social organization|Yazidi society]] that had the privilege to acquire the art of writing and reading.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Omarkhali|first=Khanna|date=2022-01-01|title=Oral Tradition among Religious Communities in the Iranian-Speaking World|url=https://www.academia.edu/88081733|journal=Oral Tradition Among Religious Communities in the Iranian-Speaking World|pages=283}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Omarkhali|first=Khanna|date=2011-03-20|title=YEZIDI RELIGIOUS ORAL POETIC LITERATURE: STATUS, FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND GENRE ANALYSIS: With some examples of Yezidi religious texts|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/scri/7-8/2/article-p144_7.xml|journal=Scrinium|volume=7-8|issue=2|pages=144–195|doi=10.1163/18177565-90000247|issn=1817-7530|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Murad|first=Jasim Elias|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdTxtgAACAAJ|title=The Sacred Poems of the Yazidis: An Anthropological Approach|date=1993|publisher=University of California, Los Angeles|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pirbari|first1=Dimitri|last2=Mossaki|first2=Nodar|last3=Yezdin|first3=Mirza Sileman|date=2020-03-03|title=A Yezidi Manuscript:—Mišūr of P'īr Sīnī Bahrī/P'īr Sīnī Dārānī, Its Study and Critical Analysis|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1669118|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=53|issue=1–2|pages=223–257|doi=10.1080/00210862.2019.1669118|s2cid=214483496|issn=0021-0862}}</ref>

== Historical biography ==
Şêx Hesen was the son of Sheikh Adi II, who was the son of Abu Sakhr ibn Barakat. The [[Yazidis]] enjoyed a widespread geographical and political authority during the reign of Şêx Hesen and under his term of office, traditional Kurdish beliefs and myths began to reassert themselves as part of the local religious tradition and eventually became an integral part of the community's culture.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|title=God and Sheikh Adi are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition|last1=Kreyenbroek|first1=Philip G.|last2=Rashow|first2=Khalil Jindy|last3=Jindī|first3=Khalīl|date=2005|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05300-6|location=Wiesbaden|pages=4|language=en}}</ref>

More significantly, the growing political influence of Şêx Hesen and the community which was dominated by local Kurds led to unease amongst their neighbors. The result of this was a crackdown on the community, and under the order of the [[Atabeg]] of [[Mosul]], [[Badr al-Din Lu'lu']], Şêx Hesen and two hundred of his followers were executed.<ref name=":12" /> The execution of Şêx Hesen marked the beginning of a huge military campaign against the Yazidis in 652 AH/1254 CE. The forces of Badr al-Din Luʾluʾ entered the temple of [[Lalish]], had the bones of [[Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir|Sheikh Adi]] exhumed and burned. They crucified and killed the captive Yazidis whom they found in the temple. In response, Yazidis regained control of [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]] and the [[Bahdinan]] region which included Dasin Mount, from Badr al-Din's forces during the reign of Şêx Hesen's successor, [[Sharaf ad-Din ibn al-Hasan|Sharfadin]]. However, this triumph was short-lived, as Sharfadin was killed by the Mongols in 652 AH/ 1257 CE.<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Religious Minorities in Republican Iraq Between Granting Rights and Discrimination : a socio-political and historical study|url=https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/handle/uniba/46905|publisher=Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Fakultät Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften|date=2018|degree=doctoralthesis|doi=10.20378/irbo-55706|first=Majid Hassan|last=Ali}}</ref>

== Works ==

* The Book of Illumination for the People of Solitude<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=God and Sheikh Adi are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition|last1=Kreyenbroek|first1=Philip G.|last2=Rashow|first2=Khalil Jindy|last3=Jindī|first3=Khalīl|date=2005|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05300-6|location=Wiesbaden|pages=42|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
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{{Yazidi saints}}