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{{Redirect|Steffl|the department store located nearby|Steffl (department store)}}
{{Infobox church
| name = St. Stephen's Cathedral
| fullname = Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of Saint Stephen and All Saints
| native_name = {{native name|de|Stephansdom}}, {{native name|de|Dom- und Metropolitankirche zu Sankt Stephan und allen Heiligen}}
| image = Wien - Stephansdom (1).JPG
| coordinates = {{coord|48.2085|16.373|type:landmark_region:AT|display=it}}
| location = [[Vienna]]
| country = [[Austria]]
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| website = {{URL|stephanskirche.at}}
| status = Cathedral<br>(also [[parish church]])
| functional status = Active
| style = [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]], [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]
| groundbreaking = 1137
| completed date = 1578
| length = {{convert|107|m|ft}}
| width = {{convert|70|m|ft}}
| width nave = {{convert|38.9|m|ft}}
| height = {{convert|136.7|m|ft}}
| spire quantity = 2 main
| spire height = North: {{convert|68.3|m|ft}} <br> South: {{convert|136.44|m|ft}}
| materials = [[limestone]]
| bells = 22
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Vienna]]
| archbishop = [[Christoph Schönborn|Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, OP]]
| director = Markus Landerer<br>(''[[Kapellmeister|Domkapellmeister]]'')
| organist = Thomas Dolezal<br>Ernst Wally<br>Konstantin Reymaier
}}
'''St. Stephen's Cathedral''' ({{langx|de|link=no|Stephansdom}} {{IPA|de|ˈʃ͡tɛfansˌdoːm|}}) is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] church in [[Vienna|Vienna, Austria]], and the [[Mother Church#Cathedral|mother church]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna|Archdiocese of Vienna]]. It is the seat of the [[Archbishop of Vienna]], [[Christoph Schönborn]]. 

The current [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] form of the cathedral, seen today in the [[Stephansplatz, Vienna|Stephansplatz]], was largely initiated by [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|Duke Rudolf IV]] (1339–1365) and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches, the first a parish church consecrated in 1147. The most important religious building in Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral has borne witness to many important events in Habsburg and Austrian history and has, with its multi-coloured tile roof, become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. It has 256 stairs from the top to the bottom <ref name="ArchDiocese">{{cite web |url=http://stephansdom.at |access-date=12 September 2014 |language=de |title=Unser Stephensdom|trans-title=Our Stephansdom}}</ref>

==History==
By the middle of the 12th century, Vienna had become an important centre of German civilization, and the four existing churches, including only one parish church, no longer met the town's religious needs. In 1137, [[Bishop of Passau]] Reginmar and [[Leopold, Duke of Bavaria|Margrave Leopold IV]] signed the Treaty of Mautern, which referred to Vienna as a ''[[civitas]]'' for the first time and transferred [[St. Peter's Church, Vienna|St. Peter's Church]] to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau|Diocese of Passau]]. Under the treaty, Margrave Leopold IV also received from the bishop extended stretches of land beyond the city walls, with the notable exception of the territory allocated for the new parish church, which would eventually become St. Stephen's Cathedral. Although previously believed built in an open field outside the city walls, the new parish church was in actuality likely built on an ancient cemetery dating to [[Roman Empire|Ancient Roman]] times; excavations for a heating system in 2000 revealed graves {{convert|2.5|m|ft}} below the surface, which were [[Radiocarbon dating|carbon-dated]] to the 4th century.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} This discovery suggests that an even older religious building on this site predated the [[St. Rupert's Church, Vienna|St. Rupert's Church]], which is considered the oldest church in Vienna.

[[Image:StephansdomBauHistorie.svg|thumb|left|Growth of the cathedral, showing the <span style="color:#228B22;">Roman towers and Giant's Door </span> from the burned first church (1137), the <span style="color:#FF9966;">Romanesque second church</span> (1263), the <span style="color:#FF91AF;">Gothic Albertine Choir</span> (1340), and the <span style="color:#002395;">Duke Rudolf IV additions</span> (1359), which removed the second church, leaving Stephansdom as it appears today.]]
Founded in 1137 following the Treaty of Mautern, the partially constructed Romanesque church was solemnly dedicated in 1147 to [[Saint Stephen]] in the presence of [[Conrad III of Germany]], [[Otto of Freising|Bishop Otto of Freising]], and other German nobles who were about to embark on the [[Second Crusade]].<ref name="ce1">[[Wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vienna]]</ref>  Although the first structure was completed in 1160,<ref name="aeiou1"/> major reconstruction and expansion lasted until 1511, and repair and restoration projects continue to the present day. From 1230 to 1245, the initial Romanesque structure was extended westward; the present-day west wall and Romanesque towers date from this period. In 1258, however, a great fire destroyed much of the original building, and a larger replacement structure, also Romanesque in style and reusing the two towers, was constructed over the ruins of the old church and consecrated 23 April 1263. The anniversary of this second consecration is commemorated each year by a rare ringing of the [[Pummerin]] bell for three minutes in the evening.

In 1304, [[Albert I of Germany|King Albert I]] ordered a Gothic three-[[nave]] [[choir (architecture)|choir]] to be constructed east of the church, wide enough to meet the tips of the old [[transept]]s. Under his son [[Albert II, Duke of Austria|Duke Albert II]], work continued on the Albertine choir, which was consecrated in 1340 on the 77th anniversary of the previous consecration. The middle nave is largely dedicated to St. Stephen and [[All Saints' Day|All Saints]], while the north and south nave, are dedicated to [[St. Mary]] and the [[Twelve Apostles|Apostles]] respectively. [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|Duke Rudolf IV, ''the Founder'']], Albert II's son, expanded the choir again to increase the religious clout of Vienna. On 7 April 1359, Rudolf IV laid the cornerstone for a westward Gothic extension of the Albertine choir in the vicinity of the present south tower. This expansion would eventually encapsulate the entirety of the old church, and in 1430, the edifice of the old church was removed from within as work progressed on the new cathedral. The south tower was completed in 1433, and vaulting of the nave took place from 1446 to 1474. The foundation for a north tower was laid in 1450, and construction began under master [[Lorenz Spenning]], but its construction was abandoned when major work on the cathedral ceased in 1511.

[[File:Jakob Alt 001.jpg|thumb|Watercolor by [[Jakob Alt]], 1847]]
In 1365, just six years after beginning the Gothic extension of the Albertine choir, Rudolf IV disregarded St. Stephen's status as a mere parish church and presumptuously established a [[Chapter (religion)|chapter]] of [[Canon (priest)|canons]] befitting a large cathedral. This move was only the first step in fulfilling Vienna's long-held desire to obtain its own [[diocese]]; in 1469, [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick III]] prevailed upon [[Pope Paul II]] to grant Vienna its own bishop, to be appointed by the emperor. Despite long-standing resistance by the Bishops of Passau, who did not wish to lose control of the area, the Diocese of Vienna was canonically established on 18 January 1469, with St. Stephen's Cathedral as its mother church. In 1722 during the reign of [[Emperor Charles VI]], [[Pope Innocent XIII]] elevated the [[Episcopal see|see]] to an archbishopric.<ref name="aeiou1">{{cite web |title=Stephansdom |url=http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.s/s838794.htm%3Binternal%26action%3D_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121232701/http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.s/s838794.htm%3Binternal%26action%3D_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en |archive-date=21 January 2009 |access-date=26 November 2007 |work=Österreich-Lexikon |quote=(...) History of Construction: First (?) construction 1137, consecrated 1147, completed as parish church (in possession of the bishopric of Passau) in 1160 (lower floors of the eastern "Heidentürme" and lower parts of the wall divisions are still extant). The various princes subsequently tried to found an independent diocese at St. Stephen's. Vienna was finally granted the status of a diocese in 1469 and St. Stephen's became a cathedral; metropolitan church of the archdiocese since 1723. (...) }}</ref>

During World War II, the cathedral was saved from intentional destruction at the hands of retreating [[Wehrmacht|German forces]] when ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' Captain Gerhard Klinkicht disregarded orders from the city commandant, [[Josef Dietrich|"Sepp" Dietrich]], to "fire a hundred shells and reduce it to rubble".<ref name=forum>{{cite web| title=Der Stephansdom und seine politische Symbolik| url=http://austria-forum.org/af/Wissenssammlungen/Symbole/Stephansdom|trans-title=St. Stephen's Cathedral and its political symbolism| last=Diem| first=Peter| publisher=Austria Forum| language=de| access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> On 12 April 1945, civilian looters lit fires in nearby shops as [[Soviet Army]] troops entered the city.  The winds carried the fire to the cathedral, where it severely damaged the roof, causing it to collapse. Fortunately, protective brick shells built around the pulpit, Frederick III's tomb, and other treasures, minimized damage to the most valuable artworks. However, the Rollinger choir stalls, carved in 1487, could not be saved. Reconstruction began immediately after the war, with a limited reopening 12 December 1948 and a full reopening 23 April 1952.

==Exterior==
The church was dedicated to St. Stephen, also the patron of the bishop's [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Passau|cathedral]] in [[Passau]], and so was oriented toward the sunrise on his [[feast day]] of 26 December, as the position stood in the year that construction began. Built of [[limestone]], the cathedral is {{convert|107|m|ft}} long, {{convert|40|m|ft}} wide, and {{convert|136|m|ft}} tall at its highest point. Over the centuries, soot and other forms of air pollution accumulating on the church have given it a black colour, but recent restoration projects have again returned some portions of the building to their original white.{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}

===Towers===
[[File:Wien - Stephansdom (2).JPG|thumb|South tower and the shorter north tower, along with the roof tiles mosaic.]]
Standing at {{convert|136|meters|ft}} tall and affectionately referred to by the city's inhabitants as "Steffl" (a [[diminutive#German|diminutive]] form of "Stephen"), St. Stephen's Cathedral's massive south tower is its highest point and a dominant feature of the Vienna skyline. Its construction lasted 65 years, from 1368 to 1433. During the [[Siege of Vienna (1529)|Siege of Vienna]] in 1529 and again during the [[Battle of Vienna]] in 1683, it served as the main observation and command post for the defence of the walled city, and it even contains an apartment for the watchmen who, until 1955, manned the tower at night and rang the bells if a fire was spotted in the city. At the tip of the tower stands the double-eagle imperial emblem with the [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] [[coat of arms]] on its chest, surmounted by a double-armed [[Patriarchal cross|apostolic cross]], which refers to ''Apostolic Majesty'', the imperial [[style (manner of address)|style]] of kings of [[Hungary]].{{citation needed|date = October 2013}} This emblem replaced earlier crescent and the six-pointed star emblem. The original emblem, as well as a couple of later ones, today can be seen at the Vienna City Museum.<ref>Based on the info from a guided tour at the Vienna City Museum. The year of the replacement has been embedded into the removed emblem.</ref>

The north tower was originally intended to mirror the south tower, but the design proved too ambitious, considering the era of Gothic cathedrals was nearing its end, and construction was halted in 1511. In 1578, the tower-stump was augmented with a [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] cap, nicknamed the "water tower top" by the Viennese. The tower now stands at {{convert|68|m|ft}} tall, roughly half the height of the south tower.{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}

[[Image:Wien - Stephansdom (3).JPG|thumb|Romanesque Towers on the west front, with the Giant's Door]]
The main entrance to the church is named the Giant's Door, or ''Riesentor'', possibly referring to the [[femur|thighbone]] of a [[mammoth]] that hung over it for decades after being unearthed in 1443 while digging the foundations for the north tower, or else to the funnel shape of the door, from the [[Middle High German]] word ''risen'', meaning 'sink or 'fall'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stephansdom {{!}} Architektur {{!}} Riesentor|url=http://www.stephansdom.at/dom_architektur_riesentor.htm|website=www.stephansdom.at|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> The [[tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] above the Giant's Door depicts [[Christ Pantocrator]] flanked by two winged [[angel]]s, while on the left and right are the two Roman Towers, or ''Heidentürme'', that each stand at approximately {{convert|65|m|ft}} tall. The name for the towers derives from the fact that they were constructed from the rubble of old structures built by the Romans (German ''Heiden'' meaning heathens or [[pagan]]s) during their occupation of the area. Square at the base and octagonal above the roofline, the ''Heidentürme'' originally housed bells; those in the south tower were lost during World War II, but the north tower remains an operational bell tower. The Roman Towers, together with the Giant's Door, are the oldest parts of the church.{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}
{{Clear}}

===Roof===
The glory of St. Stephen's Cathedral is its ornately patterned, richly coloured roof, {{convert|111|m|ft}} long, and covered by 230,000 glazed [[tile]]s. Above the [[choir]] on the south side of the building the tiles form a [[mosaic]] of the double-headed eagle that is symbolic of the empire ruled from Vienna by the [[Habsburg]] dynasty. On the north side, the [[coats of arms]] of the [[Flags and coats of arms of the Austrian states|City of Vienna]] and of the [[Coat of arms of Austria|Republic of Austria]] are depicted. In 1945, fire caused by World War II damage to nearby buildings leapt to the north tower of the cathedral and destroyed the wooden framework of the roof. Replicating the original bracing for so large a roof (it rises 38 metres above the floor) would have been cost-prohibitive, so over 600 [[metric ton]]s of steel bracing were used instead. The roof is so steep that it is sufficiently cleaned by the rain alone and is seldom covered by snow.{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250">
File:Wien - Stephansdom, Dach, nordseitige Wappen.JPG|St. Stephen's Cathedral roof
File:Roof-window-Stephansdom-Vienna.jpg|Window on the Stephansdom roof
</gallery>

===Bells===
St. Stephen's has a total of 22 [[bell]]s in four separate [[belfry|belfries]].
{| {{Table|hide}}
|+ class="nowrap" |List of Bells
| style="background-color:#dddddd;" | '''Bell Number'''
| style="background-color:#dddddd;" | '''Name (German)'''
|'''Name (English)'''
| style="background-color:#dddddd;" | '''Weight'''<br />(kg)
|Tower
|-
|1
|Pummerin/Marienglocke
[[Bourdon (bell)|(Bourdon Bell)]]
|Boomer/St. Mary
|20.130
|North
|-----
| 2 || Stephanusglocke (2nd Bourdon Bell) 
| Saint Stephen|| 5.221,5 
|South
|-----
| 3 || Leopoldsglocke 
| St. Leopold|| 2.193 
|South
|-----
| 4 || Christophorusglocke 
| St. Christopher|| 1.286 
|South
|-----
| 5 || Leonhardsglocke 
| St. Leonhard|| 956 
|South
|-----
| 6 || Josefsglocke 
| St. Joseph|| 593 
|South
|-----
| 7 || Petrus-Canisius-Glocke 
| St. Peter Canisius|| 388 
|South
|-----
| 8 || Pius-X.-Glocke 
| St. Pius X|| 266,9 
|South
|-----
| 9 || Allerheiligenglocke 
| All Saints|| 261,4 
|South
|-----
| 10 || Clemens-Maria-Hofbauer-Glocke 
| St. Clement Maria Hofbauer|| 108,9 
|South
|-----
| 11 || Erzengel-Michael-Glocke 
| St. Michael|| 63,9 
|South
|-----
| 12 || Tarzisiusglocke 
| St. Tarsicius|| 44,4 
|South
|} 

====''Pummerin''====
{{Main|Pummerin{{!}}''Pummerin''}}
[[File:Pummerin, St. Stephan, Vienna - October 26, 2013.ogg|thumb|left|150px|''Pummerin'''s sound]] 
Mounted {{convert|20|m|ft}} above the street level in the north tower, the [[Bourdon (bell)|monumental bell]] of the cathedral is officially named ''Marienglocke'', after [[St. Mary]], but it is locally referred to as ''Pummerin'' (literally, "''Boomer''") for its immersive tonal quality. It weighs in at {{convert|20130|kg|lb}} and has a diameter of {{convert|3.14|m|ft}} at its mouth, making it the largest bell in Austria, as well as the third largest swinging bell in Europe.{{efn|Ranking behind ''[[Petersglocke]]'' of the [[Cologne Cathedral]] in [[Germany]], and the great bell of the [[People's Salvation Cathedral]] in [[Romania]].}} It was [[Bellfounding|cast]] in 1951 after World War II at [[Saint Florian, Austria|St. Florian]], [[Upper Austria]], and delivered to the cathedral as a gift from the provincial government. ''Pummerin'' usually sounds on special occasions, including [[Easter]], [[Pentecost]], the [[Feast of Corpus Christi]], [[Christmas Eve]], [[Saint Stephen's Day]], and [[New Year's Day]].

''Pummerin'' is in fact a replacement of an original bell, ''Josephinische Glocke'', named after [[Saint Joseph|St. Joseph]], colloquially known as "Old ''Pummerin''". Created in 1705 under the auspices of [[Bellfounding|founder]] [[:de:Johann Achamer|Johann Achamer]], the old bell hung in the south tower and was slightly more massive than the current bell. It was composed partially of material from nearly 300 cannons seized during an [[Battle of Vienna|unsuccessful Ottoman uprising on the city]] in the late 1600s. A unique feature for the bell was a pair of thick oak slats forming a cradle on which it sat. When it was time to sound the bell, the cradle would be lowered via [[jackscrew]]s, and eight men would pull the hefty clapper back and forth on ropes. This method of ringing was recommended by architect [[Friedrich von Schmidt]], who was concerned that the tower's structure was too fragile to withstand the forces induced by swinging the bell itself. The bell was resting on the cradle as the fire of 1945 overtook the belfry. The burning cradle ultimately gave out, and the bell crashed on the floor below. The shattered pieces were salvaged and mixed in with the metal that was used to cast today's ''Pummerin'' that was put into service in 1957.

====In the north tower====
In addition to ''Pummerin'', the north tower had three additional bells that are much older:
*''Speisglocke'' ("dinner bell"), weighing {{convert|240|kg|lb}}, {{Circa|1746}}.
*''Chorglöckl'' ("choir bell"), weighing {{convert|212|kg|lb}}, {{C.|approximately 1280}}.
*''Zügenglocke'' ("processions bell"), weighing {{convert|65|kg|lb}}, {{C.|1830}}.
The ''Speisglocke'' and ''Zügenglocke'' were previously affixed in the spire on the south tower with the clock bells. At one point, these three bells were slated to be melted down, and their precious bronze confiscated as raw material for war efforts in 1940. However, the ''Zügenglocke'' and ''Chorglöckl'' were each moved and resuspended in the northern Romanesque tower following an extensive restoration project. {{As of|2022}}, only the ''Speisglocke'' remains in storage inside the main north tower.

====In the south tower====
Of the 13 bells in the south tower, eleven are used for traditional [[Campanology|pealing]]. Installed at an elevation of {{convert|25|m|ft}}, the bells were cast in 1960 by the [[:de:Glockengießerei Pfundner|Pfundner Bell Foundry]] as replacements for the older bells lost in the 1945 fire. The largest in this collection is the ''Stephanusglocke'' ("''Bell of St. Stephan''", sharing the cathedral's namesake), and is secondary to ''Pummerin''. They are [[Church bell|rung]] in exacting patterns to announce Mass gatherings, feasts and other significant holy events. For example, the ''Stephanusglocke'' sounds whenever the [[archbishop of Vienna]] is present at the cathedral. On 16 March 2022, the south tower bells erroneously sounded for 20 minutes overnight, beginning at 2:11{{nbsp}}a.m. According to priest [[:de:Anton Faber|Toni Faber]], it was determined that hackers [[Cyberattack|remotely accessed]] the computer-automated system that activates the bells.

The other two bells are mounted {{convert|100|m|ft}} in the tower and serve as the cathedral's clock bells. The ''Primglocke'' (recast in 1771) chimes the quarter-hour, and the ''Uhrschälle'' ({{Circa|1449}}) strikes the hour on the hour.{{citation needed|date = July 2025}}

====In the Romanesque towers====
In their prime, the five bells of the northern Romanesque tower were given names based on specific functions they were devoted for. Nowadays they are used for evening prayers.<ref name=history>{{cite web| title=Die Geschichte des Stephansdoms|trans-title=The history of the St. Stephan's Cathedral| url=http://www.stephansdom.at/dom_geschichte.htm| publisher=Unser Stephensdom| access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> Two more bells were added later on, raising the count to 7. 

Cast in 1879 by Friedrich Gössner, the ''Feuerin'' (literally, "fire alarm") rings every Thursday evening to reinvoke the [[Passion of Jesus|final tragic moments]] of [[Jesus Christ|Christ]]; it also sounds together with the other bells for the Saturday and Sunday [[vespers]]. Likewise on Saturday, the ''Churpötsch'' rings after the evening [[Angelus]]. It was donated by the local [[curia]] in honour of the [[:de:Madonna von Pötsch (Wien)|Maria Pötsch icon]]. Up until the 18th century, the tolling of the ''Bieringerin'' ("beer ringer") signaled the [[last call]] at taverns. [[Cantor]]s are summoned to Mass at the sound of ''Kantnerin''. The ''Fehringerin'', together with ''Kantnerin'' and ''Bieringerin'', calls upon the [[Asperges]]. These four bells were cast in 1772 by the now-defunct [[:de:Glockengießerei Scheichel|Scheichel Bell Foundry]].

In February 2017, the ~1280-made ''Chorglöckl'' was added to the northern Romanesque tower belfry after lying in disuse at the main north tower. The oldest in the cathedral, the bell traces back to the great Vienna fire of 1276. It was restored to working order at the [[Grassmayr Bell Foundry]] in [[Innsbruck]] in 2017. Its clapper, last repaired during the [[Baroque Period]], was found hidden in a niche on the wall of the tower. This bell sounds every Friday, after the evening Angelus, to memorialize all those who died the week before. The ''Zügenglocke'' got the same restorative treatment and was transferred from the north tower in 2022. Its chiming encourages final prayers for persons nearing death [[Viaticum|on their communion]].{{citation needed|date = July 2025}}

===Fixtures on the outside walls===
[[File:Wien - Stephansdom, Capistrankanzel (1).JPG|thumb|upright|Capistran Chancel]]
During the Middle Ages, major cities had their own set of measures and the public availability of these standards allowed visiting merchants to comply with local regulations. The official Viennese [[ell]] length standards for verifying the measure of different types of cloth sold are embedded in the cathedral wall, to the left of the main entrance. The linen [[w:Ell|ell]], also called [[Viennese yard]], ({{convert|89.6|cm|in}}) and the drapery [[w:Ell|ell]] ({{convert|77.6|cm|in}}) length standards consist of two iron bars. According to Franz Twaroch, the ratio between the linen ell and the drapery ell is exactly <math> \sqrt{3}/2</math>.<ref name="ell2">{{cite web |url=http://hexadecimal.florencetime.net/Viennese_ells.htm |title=Viennese Ells |access-date=14 November 2007 |date=July 2007}}</ref><ref name="ell3">{{cite journal |last=Twaroch |first=Franz |year=2002 |title=Die Maßstäbe am Wiener Stephansdom |journal=Wiener Geschichtsbiatter |volume=57 |language=de |location=Vienna}}</ref> The Viennese ells are mentioned for the first time in 1685 by the [[Canon (priest)|Canon]] [[Testarello della Massa]] in his book ''Beschreibung der ansehnlichen und berühmten St. Stephans-Domkirchen''.<ref name="ell1">{{cite web|url=http://www.univie.ac.at/kunstgeschichte-tutorium/stephansplatz/01regelungen.ppt |title=Normen und Regelungen – Übung "St. Stephan im Mittelalter |format=[[PowerPoint|MS PowerPoint]] |first=Susanne |last=Haiden |author2=Pastner, Ingrid |language=de |access-date=14 November 2007 |date=July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040627021414/http://www.univie.ac.at/kunstgeschichte-tutorium/stephansplatz/01regelungen.ppt |archive-date=27 June 2004 }}</ref>

[[Image:Wien, Stephansdom, Elle -- 2018 -- 3297.jpg|thumb|left|Official Viennese linen [[w:Ell|ell]] and drapery [[w:Ell|ell]] length standards embedded in the cathedral wall]]
A memorial tablet (near location '''SJC''' on the Plan below) gives a detailed account of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s relationship with the cathedral, including the fact that he had been appointed an adjunct music director here shortly before his death. This was his parish church when he lived at the "Figaro House" and he was married here, two of his children were baptised here, and his funeral was held in the Chapel of the Cross (at location '''PES''') inside.<ref>It is often mistakenly stated that Mozart died poor and so was buried in an unmarked pauper's grave. The truth is that under burial laws decreed in 1784, all – rich or poor – were required to be buried unembalmed and without coffins in communal graves. These laws were still in effect when Mozart died in 1791.</ref>

Adjacent to the catacomb entrance is the Capistran Chancel, the pulpit (now outdoors at location '''SJC''') from which [[Giovanni da Capistrano|St. John Capistrano]] and Hungarian general [[John Hunyadi]] preached a crusade in 1456 to repel Muslim invasions of Christian Europe. (See: [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|Siege of Belgrade]]).<ref>The Muslims invaded in 1529 and again in 1683, but were turned back from Europe both times by the resistance of Vienna to the [[siege]]s it endured.</ref> The 18th century [[Baroque]] statue shows the [[Franciscan friar]] under an extravagant sunburst, trampling on a beaten Turk. This was the original cathedral's main pulpit inside until it was replaced by Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden's pulpit in 1515.{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}

[[File:Stephansdom Christ with a Toothache.jpg|thumb|left|"Christ with a toothache"]]
A figure of Christ (at location '''CT''') is known affectionately to the Viennese as "[[:de:Geschichte_der_Zahnmedizin#Zahnwehherrgott|Christ with a toothache]]". At the southwest corner (location '''S''') are various memorials from when the area outside the cathedral was a cemetery, as well as a recently restored 15th-century [[sundial]] on a [[flying buttress]].{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}
{{Clear}}

==Interior==
[[Image:StephansdomAnnotated.png|thumb|Plan of St. Stephen's Cathedral.
'''CT''' "Christ with a toothache";
'''Fr3''' Tomb of Emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]];
'''G''' Giant's Door
'''HA''' High Altar;
'''MP''' Maria Pötsch icon;
'''NT''' North Tower;
'''P''' Pulpit;
'''PES''' [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] burial chapel;
'''RT''' Roman Towers;
'''S''' Sundial;
'''SJC''' St. John of Capistrano pulpit;
'''ST''' South Tower;
'''WNA''' Wiener Neustädter Altar]]

===Altars===
The main part of the church contains 18 [[altar]]s, with more in the various chapels. The High Altar ('''HA''') and the Wiener Neustadt Altar ({{langx|de|link=no|Wiener Neustädter Altar}}) ('''WNA''') are the most famous.

The first focal point of any visitor is the distant High Altar, built over seven years from 1641 to 1647 as part of the first refurbishment of the cathedral in the [[baroque]] style. The altar was built by [[Tobias Pock]] at the direction of Vienna's Bishop [[Philipp Friedrich Graf Breuner]] with marble from [[Poland]], [[Styria]] and [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]]. The High Altar represents the stoning of the church's patron [[St. Stephen]]. It is framed by figures of patron saints from the surrounding areas – Saints [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold]], [[Saint Florian|Florian]], [[Saint Sebastian|Sebastian]] and [[Saint Roch|Rochus]] – and surmounted with a statue of [[St. Mary]] which draws the beholder's eye to a glimpse of heaven where Christ waits for Stephen (the first [[martyr]]) to ascend from below.

[[File:Wien - Stephansdom, Wiener Neustädter Altar.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Wiener Neustädter Altar]]
The Wiener Neustädter Altar at the head of the north nave was ordered in 1447 by Emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]], whose tomb is located in the opposite direction. On the [[predella]] is his famous [[A.E.I.O.U.]] device. Frederick ordered it for the [[Cistercian]] [[Viktring Abbey]] (near [[Klagenfurt]]) where it remained until the abbey was closed in 1786 as part of Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II's]] [[anti-clerical]] reforms. It was then sent to the Cistercian monastery of [[Bernard of Clairvaux|St. Bernard of Clairvaux]] (founded by Emperor Frederick III) in the city of [[Wiener Neustadt]], and finally sold in 1885 to St. Stephen's Cathedral when the Wiener Neustadt monastery was closed after merging with [[Heiligenkreuz Abbey]].

The Wiener Neustädter Altar is composed of two [[triptych]]s, the upper being four times taller than the lower one. When the lower panels are opened, the Gothic grate of the former [[reliquary]] depot above the altar is revealed. On weekdays, the four panels are closed and display a drab painted scene involving 72 saints. On Sundays, the panels are opened showing [[gilded]] wooden figures depicting events in the life of the [[Virgin Mary]]. Restoration began on its 100th anniversary, in 1985 and took 20 years, 10 art restorers, 40,000 man-hours, and €1.3 million to complete, primarily because its large surface area of {{convert|100|m2|sqft}}.

===Máriapócs Icon===
[[File:Wien - Stephansdom, Maria-Pötsch-Altar.JPG|thumb|upright|Pötscher Madonna]]
The Maria Pötsch Icon ('''MP''') is a [[Byzantine art|Byzantine style]] [[icon]] of [[St. Mary]] with the child Jesus. The icon takes its name from the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church|Hungarian Byzantine Catholic]] shrine of [[Máriapócs]] (pronounced ''Poach''), whence it was transferred to Vienna. The picture shows the [[Virgin Mary]] pointing to the child (signifying "He is the way") and the child holding a three-stemmed rose (symbolizing the [[Holy Trinity]]) and wearing a prescient cross from his neck. The 50 x 70&nbsp;cm icon was commissioned in 1676 from painter [[István Papp]] by [[László Csigri]] upon his release as a [[prisoner of war]] from the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] who were invading [[Hungary]] at the time. As Csigri was unable to pay the 6-[[forint]] fee the icon was bought by [[Lőrinc Hurta]] who donated it to the church of Pócs.

After claims of two [[miracle|miraculous]] incidents in 1696 with the mother in the picture allegedly shedding real tears, Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] ordered it brought to St. Stephen's Cathedral, where it would be safe from the Muslim armies that still controlled much of Hungary. Upon its arrival after a triumphal five-month journey in 1697, Empress [[Eleonora Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg|Eleonora Magdalena]] commissioned the splendid ''Rosa Mystica'' [[oklad]] and framework (now one of several) for it, and the Emperor personally ordered the icon placed near the High Altar in the front of the church, where it stood prominently from 1697 until 1945. Since then, it has been in a different framework, above an altar under a medieval stone [[baldachin]] near the southwest corner of the [[nave]] – where the many burning candles indicate the extent of its [[veneration]], especially by Hungarians. Since its arrival the picture has not been seen weeping again but other miracles and answered prayers have been attributed to it, including [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]]'s victory over the Turks at [[Senta|Zenta]] few weeks after the icon's installation in the Stephansdom.

The residents of Pócs wanted their holy miracle-working painting returned, but the emperor sent them a copy instead. Since then, the copy has been reported to weep real tears and work miracles, so the village changed its name from merely ''Pócs'' to ''[[Máriapócs]]'' and has become an important pilgrimage site.

===Pulpit===
[[File:Wien - Stephansdom, Kanzel (2).JPG|thumb|upright|Pulpit]]
The stone [[pulpit]] is a masterwork of late [[Gothic art|Gothic]] sculpture. Long attributed to [[Anton Pilgram]], today [[Nikolaus Gerhaert|Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden]] is thought more likely to be the carver. So that the local language [[sermon]] could be better heard by the worshipers in the days before microphones and loudspeakers, the pulpit stands against a [[column|pillar]] out in the [[nave]], instead of in the [[chancel]] at the front of the church.

The sides of the pulpit erupt like stylized petals from the stem supporting it. On those Gothic petals are [[relief]] portraits of the four original [[Doctors of the Church]] (St. [[Augustine of Hippo]], St. [[Ambrose]], St. [[Pope Gregory I|Gregory the Great]] and St. [[Jerome]]), each of them in one of four different temperaments and in one of four different stages of life. The handrail of the stairway curving its way around the pillar from ground level to the pulpit has fantastic decorations of [[toad]]s and lizards biting each other, symbolizing the fight of good against evil. At the top of the stairs, a stone [[dog|puppy]] protects the preacher from intruders.

Beneath the stairs is one of the most beloved symbols of the cathedral: a stone self-portrait of the unknown sculptor gawking (German: ''gucken'') out of a window (German: ''fenster'') and thus famously known as the ''Fenstergucker''. The [[chisel]] in the subject's hand, and the [[stonemason]]'s signature [[Mason's mark|mark]] on the shield above the window led to the speculation that it could be a self-portrait of the sculptor.

===Chapels===
[[Image:Wien - Stephansdom, Katharinenkapelle.JPG|thumb|upright|St. Catherine's Chapel]]
There are several formal chapels in St. Stephen's Cathedral:
* [[Catherine of Alexandria|St. Catherine's]] Chapel, in the base of the south tower, is the baptismal chapel. The 14-sided baptismal font was completed in 1481, and its cover was formerly the soundboard above the famed pulpit in the main church. Its marble base shows the four Evangelists, while the niches of the basin feature the twelve apostles, Christ and St. Stephan.
* [[Saint Barbara|St. Barbara's]] Chapel, in the base of the north tower, is used for meditation and prayer.
* [[Saint Eligius|St. Eligius's]] Chapel, in the southeast corner, is open for prayer. The altar is dedicated to [[St. Valentine]] whose body (one of three, held by various churches) is in another chapel, upstairs.
* [[Bartholomew|St. Bartholomew's]] Chapel, above St. Eligius' Chapel, has recently been restored.
* The Chapel of the Cross ('''PES'''), in the northeast corner, holds the burial place of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] in the vault containing 3 coffins and a heart urn, under a massive stone slab with iron rings. The funeral of [[Mozart]] occurred here on 6 December 1791. The beard on the crucified Christ above the altar is of real hair. The chapel is not open to the public.
* [[Saint Valentine|St. Valentine's]] Chapel, above the Chapel of the Cross, is the current depository of the hundreds of [[relic]]s belonging to the ''Stephansdom'', including a piece of the tablecloth from the [[The Last Supper|Last Supper]]. A large chest holds the bones of St. Valentine that were moved here about a century ago, from what is now the Chapter House to the south of the High Altar.

===Tombs, catacombs, and crypts===
[[Image:StephansdomCatacombsLabeledPlan-en.png|thumb|Plan of St. Stephen's Cathedral basement]]
Since its earliest days, the cathedral has been surrounded by [[cemetery|cemeteries]] dating back to Roman times, and has sheltered the bodies of nobles and commoners. It has always been an honour to be buried inside a church, close to the physical presence of the [[saint]]s whose [[relic]]s are preserved there. Those less honoured were buried near, but outside, the church.

Inside the cathedral are the tombs of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] ('''PES'''), commander of the Imperial forces during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in the ''Chapel of The Cross'' (northwest corner of the cathedral) and of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]] ('''Fr3'''), under whose reign the Diocese of Vienna was canonically erected on 18 January 1469, in the Apostles' Choir (southeast corner of the cathedral).

[[Image:Wien - Stephansdom, Grabmal Kaiser Friedrichs III.JPG|thumb|left|Tomb of Emperor Frederick III]]
The construction of Emperor Frederick's tomb spanned over 45 years, starting 25 years before his death. The impressive [[sarcophagus]] is made of the unusually dense red [[marble]]-like stone found at the [[Adnet]] quarry. Carved by [[Nikolaus Gerhaert|Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden]], the tomb lid shows Emperor Frederick in his [[coronation]] [[regalia]] surrounded by the [[coats of arms]] of all of his dominions. The body of the tomb has 240 statues and is a glory of medieval sculptural art.

When the [[charnel house]] and eight cemeteries abutting the cathedral's side and back walls closed due to an outbreak of [[bubonic plague]] in 1735, the bones within them were moved to the [[catacomb]]s below the church. Burials directly in the catacombs occurred until 1783 when a new law forbade most burials within the city. The remains of over 11,000 persons are in the catacombs (which may be toured).

The basement of the cathedral also hosts the Bishops, Provosts and Ducal crypts. The most recent interment in the Bishop's crypt completed in 1952 under the south [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] was that of 98-year-old Cardinal [[Franz König]] in 2004. [[Provost (religion)|Provosts]] of the cathedral are buried in another chamber. Other members of the cathedral chapter are now buried in a special section at the [[Zentralfriedhof]].
[[File:Wien - Stephansdom, Herzogsgruft.JPG|thumb|Ducal Crypt]]
The [[Ducal Crypt (Vienna)|Ducal Crypt]] located under the [[chancel]] holds 78 bronze containers with the bodies, hearts, or [[viscera]] of 72 members of the [[Habsburg]] dynasty. Before his death in 1365, Duke [[Rudolf IV of Austria|Rudolf IV]] ordered the crypt built for his remains in the new cathedral he commissioned. By 1754, the small rectangular chamber was overcrowded with 12 sarcophagi and 39 urns, so the area was expanded with an oval chamber added to the east end of the rectangular one. In 1956, the two chambers were renovated and their contents rearranged. The [[sarcophagi]] of Duke Rudolf IV and his wife were placed upon a pedestal and the 62 urns containing organs were moved from the two rows of shelves around the new chamber to cabinets in the original one.
{{details|Ducal Crypt (Vienna)}}

===Organs===
St Stephen's Cathedral has an old [[pipe organ|organ]] tradition. The first [[pipe organ|organ]] is mentioned in 1334.<ref name="O4">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stephansdom.at/data/derdom/details/orgel.php |title=Die Orgel im Stephansdom |access-date=1 January 2013<!-- 2007 --> |language=de |publisher="Rettet den Stephansdom" – Verein zur Erhaltung des Stephansdoms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106041000/http://www.stephansdom.at/data/derdom/details/orgel.php |archive-date=6 January 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="O1">{{cite book| first=Günter| last=Lade| isbn=3-9500017-0-0| page=295| title=Orgeln in Wien| year=1990 |publisher=Selbstverl |location=Wien |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88UZAQAAIAAJ&q=stephen |url-access=subscription }}</ref>  After the 1945 fire, Michael Kauffmann finished a large electric action pipe organ in 1960 with 125 stops and 4 manuals, financed with public donations.<ref name="O2">{{cite web |url=http://iof.pipechat.org//ldshow.php?file=04300100022 |title=St Stephan's Church: Main organ |access-date=1 January 2013<!-- 2007 -->|work=Catalogue entry |publisher=International Organ Foundation}}</ref> In 1991, the Austrian firm of [[Rieger Orgelbau|Rieger]] rebuilt the choir organ. It is a mechanical organ, with 56 voices and 4 manuals.<ref name="O3">{{Cite web| url=http://iof.pipechat.org//ldshow.php?file=04300100023 |title=St Stephan's Church: Choir organ |access-date=1 January 2013<!-- 2007 -->| work=Catalogue entry |publisher=International Organ Foundation}}</ref>

The Kauffmann organ at the west end was only used for about 35 years before falling into disuse. In 2017-2020 the Austrian firm of [[Rieger Orgelbau|Rieger]] rebuilt the west end (Riesenorgel) organ using the 1960 facade and some old pipework and this resulted in an organ of 5 manuals with 130 stops. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wiener-dommusik.at/organ_giant.php|title=Riesenorgel (Giant Organ) - Vienna Cathedral Music|website=Domkirche St. Stephan|date=21 February 2023}}</ref> The choir organ has its own console but there is a separate console, built 2017-2020 and comprising 5 manuals with 185 stops, from which the Riesenorgel and choir organ can be played at the same time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wiener-dommusik.at/organ_giant.php|title=Riesenorgel (Giant Organ) - Vienna Cathedral Music|website=Domkirche St. Stephan|date=21 February 2023}}</ref> In addition to the Riesenorgel and choir organ the Cathedral also has 3 smaller instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wiener-dommusik.at/organ_general.php|title=Organs - Vienna Cathedral Music|website=Vienna Cathedral Music|date=21 February 2023}}</ref>

==Conservation and restoration==
[[File:0181-0183a - Wien - Stephansdom.jpg|thumb|St. Stephen's Cathedral under renovation, 2007]]
[[File:Wien - Stephansdom, Hauptschiff Richtung Hochalter (1).JPG|thumb|Interior after renovation. 2017]]
Preservation and repair of the fabric of the medieval cathedral has been a continuous process at St. Stephen's Cathedral since its original construction in 1147.

The porous [[limestone]] is subject to weathering, but coating it with a sealer like silicone would simply trap moisture inside the stone and cause it to crack faster when the water freezes.
The permanent ''Dombauhütte'' (Construction Department) uses the latest scientific techniques (including [[laser]] cleaning of delicate features on stonework), and is investigating a process that would impregnate the cavities within the stone with something that would keep water from having a place to infiltrate.

The most visible current repair project is a multi-year renovation of the tall south tower, for which scaffolding has been installed. Fees from advertising on the netting around the scaffolding were defraying some of the costs of the work, but the concept of such advertising was controversial and has been discontinued. As of December 2008, the majority of the restoration on the south tower has been finished, and most scaffolding removed.

[[File:Stephansdom Christ in Gethsemane.jpg|thumb|left|''Christ in Gethsemane'' after restoration]]
Systematic cleaning of the interior is gradually proceeding around the walls, and an outdoor [[relief]] of Christ in [[Gethsemane]] is being restored.

A major project has been recently completed for which visitors and worshippers in St. Stephen's Cathedral had been waiting since 1147: better heating of the church during the winter. Previous systems, including fireplaces, just deposited soot and grease on the artwork, but the new system uses apparatus in many different locations so that there is little moving airflow to carry damaging particles. The church is now heated to around {{convert|10|°C|°F}}.

Some of the architectural drawings date from the Middle Ages and are on paper 15&nbsp;ft long and too fragile to handle. Laser measurements of the ancient cathedral have now been made so that a digital 3-dimensional virtual model of the cathedral now exists in its computers, and detailed modern plans can be output at will. When weathered stonework needs to be repaired or replaced, the computerized system can create life-sized models to guide the nine full-time stonemasons on staff in the on-site workshops against the north wall of the cathedral.

On 29 March 2014, a 37-year-old man [[Vandalism|vandalized]] the interior of the cathedral by pushing the statue of [[Jude the Apostle|St. Jude Thaddeus]] from its marble base.<ref>{{cite web| title=Ibrahim A. -- A {{sic|Ghan|ian|hide=y}} Asylum Seeker as Church Desecrator| url=http://eponymousflower.blogspot.nl/2014/04/ibrahim-a-ghanian-asylum-seeker-as.html| date=1 April 2014| publisher=The Eponymous Flower| access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref>

In November 2019, art historians discovered a mural under layers of dirt on the wall of what is now the cathedral's gift shop. It is believed to be the work of the Renaissance artist [[Albrecht Dürer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/painting-discovered-cathedral-souvenir-shop-renaissance-master|title=Centuries-old painting discovered in cathedral souvenir shop may be work of Renaissance master|website=Fox News|date=14 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=War Albrecht Dürer in Wien? |trans-title=Was Albrecht Dürer in Vienna? |url=https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20191115_OTS0063/war-albrecht-duerer-in-wien |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514180328/https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20191115_OTS0063/war-albrecht-duerer-in-wien |archive-date=14 May 2024 |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=OTS |language=de}}</ref>

==Notable people, events and burials==
Notable musicians who have been ''[[Kapellmeister]]'' at St. Stephen's include:
*[[Johann Joseph Fux]] 1701–1712
*[[Georg Reutter]] 1715–1728
*[[Johann Georg Reinhardt]] 1728–1738
*[[Johann Georg Reutter]] 1738–1772 – ''kapellmeister'' when [[Joseph Haydn]] and his brothers were choirboys 
*[[Leopold Hoffmann]] 1772–1793
*[[Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]] 1793–1809
*Joseph Preindl 1809–1823
*[[Johann Baptist Gänsbacher]] 1823–1844
*[[Joseph Drechsler]] 1844–1852
*[[Johann Baptist Krall]]

The cathedral has hosted the weddings and funerals of many notable figures in Austrian and European history.
*Weddings of royalty: [[Louis II of Hungary]] and [[Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)|Mary of Austria]] (1515); [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]] (1515)<ref>{{cite book|title=Collected Works of Erasmus: Spiritualia, Volume 66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0eHvizkUHZEC|page=178|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|date=1989|isbn = 9780802026569}}</ref>
*Weddings of musicians: [[Teresa Cornelys]] and Angelo Pompeati (1745); [[Joseph Haydn]] and Maria Anna Theresia Keller (1760);<ref>{{cite book|title=Music and Medicine, Volume 1|page=37|publisher=Medi-Ed Press|date=1994}}</ref> [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] and [[Constanze Mozart|Constanze Weber]] (1782)<ref>{{Cite book| edition = 1st| publisher = [[HarperCollins]]| isbn = 978-0-06-019046-0| last = Solomon| first = Maynard| author-link = Maynard Solomon| title = Mozart: A Life| location = New York City| year = 1995| url = https://archive.org/details/mozartlife00solo| oclc = 31435799| url-access = registration}}</ref> – Mozart's funeral in 1791 took place in the [[#Chapels|Chapel of the Holy Cross]]
*Funeral of [[Antonio Vivaldi]] (1741)<ref name=paralumnum>{{cite web| title=Antonio Vivaldi Biography| url=http://www.paralumun.com/comviv.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223151703/http://www.paralumun.com/comviv.htm| url-status=usurped| archive-date=23 February 2006| publisher=Paralumnum| access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> 
*Wedding of [[Antonie Brentano]] (1798), a patroness of the arts who is speculated to be Beethoven's "[[Immortal Beloved]]"
*Funerals of members of the [[House of Habsburg]]: [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] (1916), [[Emperor of Austria]] during [[World War I]] and Kaiser for 68 years;<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Stephen scene of splendor at Franz Joseph's funeral|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 December 1916}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A Heart for Europe: The Lives of Emperor Charles and Empress Zita of Austria-Hungary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L59n8YY3gy8C|page=65|first1=James|last1=Bogle|first2=Joanna|last2=Bogle|author-link2=Joanna Bogle|publisher=Gracewing Publishing|date=1990|isbn = 9780852441732}}</ref> [[Zita of Bourbon-Parma]] (1989), last [[List of Austrian consorts#Empress of Austria|Empress of Austria]];<ref>{{cite book|title=Mercies Remembered|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVHt4ZNjhqkC|first=Matthew R.|last=Mauriello|pages=213–4|date=2011|publisher=[[Xulon Press]]|isbn = 9781612150048}}</ref> [[Otto von Habsburg]] (2011), last [[List of heirs to the Austrian throne|Crown-Prince of Austria-Hungary]]
*Funerals of European royalty: [[Matthias Corvinus|Matthias Corvinus (also Matthias I)]], [[King of Hungary]] and [[Croatia in the union with Hungary|Croatia]]
*Funerals of politicians: [[Thomas Klestil]] (2004), former [[president of Austria]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Funeral held for Austrian leader|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3882743.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=10 July 2004}}</ref> [[Kurt Waldheim]] (2007), former president of Austria and [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Waldheim, ex-UN leader and Nazi, buried in Austria|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-austria-waldheim-funeral-idUSL2351006420070624|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=24 June 2007}}</ref>
*Funeral of [[Niki Lauda]] (2019), former [[Formula One]] world champion and entrepreneur.<ref>{{cite news|title=F1 stars attend Niki Lauda's funeral|work=BBC News |date=29 May 2019 |access-date=May 30, 2019|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48443594}}</ref>

Notable figures buried in the crypt: (For a list of nobility buried in the crypt, see [[Ducal Crypt, Vienna]])
*[[Johannes Cuspinian]] (born Johan Spießhaymer) – Austrian [[humanist]], historian, scientist, and diplomat
*[[Jan van Hoogstraten]] – [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter
*[[Neidhart von Reuental]] – [[Minnesang|minnesinger]]
*Former [[archbishops of Vienna]]: [[Christoph Anton Migazzi]], [[Johann Rudolf Kutschker]], [[Joseph Othmar Rauscher]]

==Stephansdom in popular culture==
As Vienna's landmark, the St. Stephen's Cathedral is featured in media including films, video games, and television shows. These include ''[[The Third Man]]'' and ''[[Burnout 3]]''. The cathedral is also depicted on the Austrian [[10 cent euro coins]] and on the packaging of the [[Manner (confectionary)|Manner]]-Schnitten wafer treat.  The Archdiocese of Vienna allowed the Manner company to use the cathedral as its logo in return for funding the wages of one stonemason doing repair work on the cathedral.<ref name=birthday>{{cite press release| title=Geburtagsmesse für "Manner-Schnitten"-Chef im Stephansdom|trans-title=Birthday celebration for "Manner wafers" boss in the cathedral| url=http://www.erzdioezese-wien.at/site/home/nachrichten/article/37775.html| publisher=Archdiocese of Vienna| language=de| date=17 July 2014| access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref>  In 2008, [[Sarah Brightman]] performed a concert promoting her latest album, ''[[Symphony (album)|Symphony]]'', which was recorded for a TV broadcast and a further DVD release in late September.

==Balassi Mass==
Since 2008, the two sabres of the [[Balint Balassi Memorial Sword Award]], founded by [[Pal Molnar]], have been blessed during a Balassi Mass held a few days before the award ceremony.  On 25 January 2013, in the presence of some three hundred Hungarians, Bishop Laszlo Kiss-Rigo blessed the two swords during a Mass celebrated in the cathedral.<ref name=balassi>{{cite web| title=Wien: Ungarn feierten "Balassi-Messe" im Stephansdom|trans-title=Vienna: Hungary celebrated in "Balassi Mass" at St. Stephen Cathedral| url=http://www.kathweb.at/site/nachrichten/database/52137.html| date=26 January 2013| publisher=Austrian Catholic Press Agency| access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Wien.Stephansdom32.jpg|Heidenturm
File:Stephansdom Dach Suedseite.JPG|Roof tiles mosaic
File:Wien - Stephansdom, Innenansicht Richtung Empore.JPG|Nave with organ and pulpit
File:St Stephan IMG 6049.JPG|Interior in evening
File:Stephansdom Wien 2.jpg|Interior
File:Wien - Stephansdom, Hauptschiff Richtung Hochalter (2).JPG|Interior
File:Wien - Stephansdom, Domorgel (Rieger-Orgel).JPG|Organ on the side wall
File:Wien.Stephansdom38.jpg|Side chapel
File:Vienna Austria Relief-of-Anton-Pilgram-in-Stephansdom-02.jpg|Portrait of Anton Pilgram
File:Wien.Stephansdom60.jpg|St. Leopold side chapel
File:Wien - Stephansdom, Taufbecken.JPG|Baptismal font
File:Stephansdom - Pulpit.JPG|Pulpit from a distance
File:Wien.Stephansdom42.jpg|Pulpit
File:Wien.Stephansdom63.jpg|Tomb of Emperor Frederick III
File:Franz Alt Stephansdom.jpg|North aisle, 1849
File:Stephansdom Fenstergucker.jpg|The ''Fenstergucker''
File:Stephansdom O5.jpg|05 symbol for [[Austrian Resistance]]
File:Wien Stephansdom Model.jpg|Model
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of tallest churches]]
* [[Stephansplatz, Vienna]]
* [[List of Gothic Cathedrals in Europe]]
* [[List of tallest structures built before the 20th century]]
*[[Megalothorax sanctistephani]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist-la}}

==References==

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
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* {{cite book|last=Donin |first=Richard Kurt |title=Der Wiener Stephansdom und seine Geschichte |language=de |publisher=A. Schroll |location=Vienna |year=1952 |asin= B0000BHI6S}}
* {{cite book|last=Feuchtmüller |first=Rupert |author2=Kodera, Peter  |title=Der Wiener Stephansdom |language=de |publisher=Wiener Dom-Verl |location=Vienna |year=1978 |page=420 |isbn=3-85351-092-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Gruber |first=Reinhard H. |author2=Bouchal, Robert  |title=Der Stephansdom: Monument des Glaubens |language=de |publisher=Pichler Verlag |location=Vienna |year=2005 |isbn=3-85431-368-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Gruber |first=Reinhard H. |title=St. Stephan's Cathedral in Vienna |publisher=St. Stephan's Cathedral |location=Vienna |year=1998 |asin=B001OR6HQ4}}
* {{cite book|last=Macku |first=Anton |title=Der Wiener Stephansdom: Eine Raumbeschreibung |language=de |publisher=F. Deuticke |location=Vienna |year=1948 |page=30 }}
* {{cite book|last=Meth-Cohn |first=Delia |title=Vienna: Art and History |publisher=Summerfield Press |location=Florence |year=1993 |asin=B000NQLZ5K}}
* {{cite book|last=Riehl |first=Hans |title=Der St. Stephansdom in Wien |language=de |publisher=Hrsg. von der Allgemeinen vereinigung für christliche kunst |location=Vienna |year=1926 |page=64 }}
* {{cite book|last=Strohmer |first=Erich V. |title=Der Stephansdom in Wien |language=de |publisher=K.R. Langewiesche |location=Vienna |year=1960 |asin=B0000BOD4J}}
* {{cite book|last=Toman |first=Rolf |title=Vienna: Art and Architecture |publisher=Könemann |location=Cologne |year=1999 |isbn=978-3829020442}}
* {{cite book|last=Zykan |first=Marlene |title=Der Stephansdom |language=de |publisher=Zsolnay |location=Vienna |year=1981 |page=301 |isbn=3-552-03316-5}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Stephansdom}}
* [https://www.stephanskirche.at/ Official website]
* [http://www.wien.info/en/sightseeing/sights/st-stephens-cathedral St. Stephen's Cathedral tours]
* [http://www.kunstkultur.com St. Stephen's Cathedral concerts] {{small|(German and English)}}
* [http://www.dommuseum.at/ St. Stephen's Cathedral museum]
* [http://www.your-friend.info/fileadmin/downloads/vienna/podcast/Vienna-01-STEPHANSDOM.mp3 St. Stephen's Cathedral guided tour]
* [http://www.dombauwien.at/ St. Stephen's Cathedral permanent construction office] {{small|(German)}}
* [http://www.stephansdom.at/ St. Stephen's Cathedral association] {{small|(German)}}
* [https://www.erzdioezese-wien.at/ Archdiocese of Vienna] {{small|(German)}}
* St. Stephen's Cathedral bells in action ([[YouTube]]):
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTcd3sqS31k ''Pummerin'']
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AVNQ_e-MAA&list=PLB0BwfDFI_Jm9WxKwoT2ucJ74GFvhsMPu&index=52 South tower peal]
**[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fW6zWOESXM&t=522s South tower bells and ''Pummerin'' together]
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S61bVDLA9WI&list=PLB0BwfDFI_Jm9WxKwoT2ucJ74GFvhsMPu&index=53 Romanesque tower bells] 

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna| ]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1147]]
[[Category:Churches completed in the 1140s]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1511]]
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[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Vienna]]
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