Nephele (mythology)
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In Greek and Roman mythology, Nephele (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx;[1] corresponding to Latin nebula) is the name of two figures associated with clouds, sometimes confused with each other, who figure respectively in the stories of Ixion and in the story of Phrixus and Helle.[2]
Mythology
The transformed cloud
Nephele was the name of the cloud created by Zeus in the image of Hera in order to decieve Ixion after the latter had attempted to force himself on Hera.[3] Hera told Zeus of Ixion's attempt and, in order to test him, Zeus made a cloud in the image of Hera, which Ixion later assaulted, an act for which he was punished by Zeus.[4] Nephele then gave birth to the Centauros[5]
The Oceanid
Nephele is also the name of the Oceanid who married Athamas, and by him was the mothers of twins: a son, Phrixus, and a daughter, Helle.[3] Athamas then divorced her for Ino, who hatched a devious plot to get rid of the twins, roasting all the town's crop seeds so they would not grow. The local farmers, frightened of famine, asked a nearby oracle for assistance. Ino bribed the men sent to the oracle to lie and tell the others that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus. Before he was killed though, Phrixus and Helle were rescued by a flying golden ram sent by their natural mother Nephele.
Phrixus and Helle were instructed to not look down to Earth for the duration of their flight.Template:Citation needed Helle, though, did look down, and fell off the ram into the Hellespont (which was named after her, meaning Sea of Helle) and drowned. Phrixus survived all the way to Colchis, where King Aeëtes took him in and treated him kindly, giving Phrixus his daughter, Chalciope, in marriage. In gratitude, Phrixus gave the king the Golden Fleece of the Golden Ram, which Aeëtes hung in a tree in his kingdom. The Golden Fleece would later be taken by Jason and his Argonauts.
See also
Notes
References
- Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Eds) (2000) Der Neue Pauly Vol. 8. J. B. Metzler.
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- John Tzetzes, Book of Histories, Book IX-X translated by Jonathan Alexander from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition of 1826. Online version at theio.com
- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Template:ISBN. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Further reading
- Waldner, Katharina, "Nephele", in Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 9, Mini – Obe, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Brill, 2006. Template:ISBN.
Template:Greek mythology (deities) Template:Metamorphoses in Greco-Roman mythology Template:Authority control
- ↑ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1012.
- ↑ Hyginus, Fabulae 1, 2
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Der Neue Pauly s.v. Nephele. (p.838.)
- ↑ Apollodorus, Epitome 1.20.
- ↑ Apollodorus, Epitome 1.20. Pindar, Pythian [1] 2.43–44].