Familiaris

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In the Middle Ages, a familiaris (plural familiares), more formally a familiaris regis ("familiar of the king") or familiaris curiae ("of the court"), was, in the words of the historian W. L. Warren, "an intimate, a familiar resident or visitor in the [royal] household, a member of the familia, that wider family which embraces servants, confidents, and close associates."Template:Sfn Warren adds that the term "defies adequate translation", but is distinct from courtier, "for the king employed his familiares on a variety of administrative tasks."Template:Sfn

The familiares of a king are collectively referred to as the familia regis, which evolved into a private royal council—in England during the reign of Henry III (1216–72) and in France during that of Philip V (1316–22). In England, it was known as the concilium familiare or concilium privatum (Privy Council) and in France as the magnum consilium (great council, the Conseil du Roi).Template:Sfn The familiares regis may have already formed an inner royal council in Sicily during the reign of Roger II (1130–54).Template:Sfn

Sources

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Further reading

• Bournazel, Eric. Le Gouvernement Capétien au XII^e siècle, 1108–1180: Structures sociales et mutations institutionelles. Paris: 1975.
• Chalandon, F. Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et Sicile. 2 vols. Paris: 1907.
• Chibnall, M. "Mercenaries and the Familia regis under Henry I". History 62 (1977), 15–23.
• Garufi, C. A. "Sull'ordinamento amministrativo normanno in Sicilia, Exchiquier o diwan? Studi storico diplomatici". Archivio storico italiano, 5th series, 27 (1901), 225–63.
• Green, Judith A. The Government of England under Henry I. Cambridge: 1986.
• Hollister, C. W. The Military Organization of Norman England. Oxford: 1965.
• Jolliffe, J. E. A. Angevin Kingship. New York: 1955.
• Olivier-Martin, François. Histoire du droit français des origines à la Révolution. 2nd ed. Paris: 1951.
• Warren, W. L. Henry II. Berkeley: 1973.
• Warren, W. L. The Governance of Norman and Angevin England, 1086–1272. London: 1987.