List of rulers of Gwynedd

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This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Many of them were also acclaimed "King of the Britons" or "Prince of Wales".

List of kings or princes of Gwynedd

House of Cunedda

Cunedda (Cunedda the Imperator) (c. 450 – c. 460).^[1]
Einion Yrth ap Cunedda (Einion the Impetuous) (c. 470 – c. 480).Template:Sfn
- Owain Danwyn (Owain Whitetooth) ap Einion (Rhos; late 5th century).Template:Sfn
- Cuneglasus (Rhos) and St Einion (Llŷn) ap Owain (late 5th and early 6th centuries).Template:Sfn
Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion (Cadwallon Long Hand) (c. 500 – c. 534).Template:Sfn
Maelgwn Gwynedd (c. 520 – c. 547).^[2]
Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn (Rhun the Tall) (c. 547 – c. 580).^[3]
Beli ap Rhun (c. 580 – c. 599).^[3]
Iago ap Beli (c. 599 – c. 616).Template:Sfn
Cadfan ap Iago (c. 616 – c. 625).^[4]
Cadwallon ap Cadfan (c. 625 – 634).^[5]
Cadafael, King of Gwynedd (Cadfael the Battle-Shirker) (634 – c. 655).Template:Sfn
Cadwaladr (Cadwallader the Blessed) (c. 655 – c. 682).^[6]
Idwal Iwrch (Idwal the Roebuck) (c. 682 – c. 720).Template:Sfn
Rhodri Molwynog (Rhodri the Bald and Grey) (c. 720 – c. 754)^[7]
Caradog ap Meirion (c. 754 – c. 798).Template:Sfn
Cynan Dindaethwy (c. 798 – c. 816).^[8]
Hywel ap Caradog (c. 816 – c. 825).^[9]

With Hywel's death, all male descendants of Maelgwn Gwynedd have expired. Merfyn the Freckled succeeds through his mother Esyllt, eldest daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy and niece of Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog.

House of Manaw

Merfyn Frych (825–844).^[10]
Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) (844–878).^[11]

House of Aberffraw

The warfare among the sons of Rhodri meant that the descendants of Anarawd became considered a separate house Template:Ndash called the House of Aberffraw from their principal seat – from the junior branches in Deheubarth and elsewhere:

Anarawd ap Rhodri (878–916) (establishes the Aberffraw dynasty, the senior branch of descendants from Rhodri Mawr).^[12]
Idwal Foel ab Anarawd (Idwal the Bald) (916–942).^[13]
Hywel Dda (Howell the Good) (942–950) (descended from the second son of Rhodri Mawr who ruled in Deheubarth, usurps Gwynedd from the Aberffraw line).^[14]
Iago ab Idwal (950–979).^[15]
Ieuaf ab Idwal (950–969).^[16]
Hywel ap Ieuaf (979–985).^[17]
Cadwallon ab Ieuaf (985–986).^[17]

House of Dinefwr

Maredudd ab Owain (986–999) House of Dinefwr seizes Gwynedd.^[18]

House of Aberffraw

Cynan ap Hywel (999–1005) Returns to the House of Aberffraw briefly.Template:Sfn

Usurper

Aeddan ap Blegywryd (1005–1018) (minor commote lord usurps Gwynedd from the Aberffraw dynasty).Template:Sfn

House of Rhuddlan

Llywelyn ap Seisyll (1018–1023) (Rhuddlan dynasty in lower Gwynedd usurps from Aeddan ap Blegywryd).^[19]

House of Aberffraw

Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig (1023–1039) (Aberffraw dynasty returns).^[20]

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House of Rhuddlan

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (1039–1063) (Llywelyn's son Gruffydd usurps from Aberffraw dynasty).^[21]

House of Mathrafal

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (1063–1075) and Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (1063-1070) [co-rulers] (Mathrafal dynasty of Powys "receives" Gwynedd from the English King).^[22]
Trahaearn ap Caradog (1075–1081).^[23]

House of Aberffraw

Gruffudd ap Cynan (1081–1137) (House of Aberffraw returns).^[24]
Owain Gwynedd (1137–1170).^[25]
Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd r. 1170; killed by his younger brother Dafydd ab Owain in a conspiracy hatched by his stepmother Cristin, dowager princess of Gwynedd, and her sons Dafydd and Rhodri ab Owain.^[26]
Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (the Usurper) (1170–1195), displaced elder brother Hywel ap Owain Gwynedd, but was himself displaced from Upper Gwynedd c. 1173 ruling only lower Gwynedd until displaced by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth in 1198. England recognized Dafydd as Prince of Gwynedd, though Welsh jurists did not.^[27]
- Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd (1175–1194, 1194–1195), Ruling upper Gwynedd and Ynys Mon until 1194 and then Ynys Mon solely from 1194–1195 until he was ousted by the sons of his brother Cynan.^[28]
- Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd (1170–1173), ruling Ynys Mon and supporter of his elder brother Hywel ap Owain's claim as Prince. After Hywel's death, Maelgwn was able to retain Ynys Mon from Dafydd the Usurper.^[29]

Princes of Wales

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great) (1195–1240), first Prince of Wales.^[30]
Dafydd ap Llywelyn (1240–1246).^[31]
Owain Goch ap Gruffydd (Owain the Red) (1246–1255).^[32]
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Llywelyn the Last) (1246–1282).^[33]
Dafydd ap Gruffydd (1282–1283), pretender.^[34]

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Pretenders

Madog ap Llywelyn (1294–1295) (not crowned but claimed the title).^[35]
Owain Lawgoch (Owain Redhand) ap Tomas ap Rhodri (1372–1378), great-nephew of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, in exile but claimed the title.^[36]

References

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Sources

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[Cunedda-1] Template:Cite DWB

[Maelgwn-2] Template:Cite DWB

[Rhun-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Template:Cite DWB

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[Hywel-17] 17.0 ^17.1 Template:Cite DWB

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[Seisyll-19] Template:Cite DWB

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List of kings or princes of Gwynedd

House of Cunedda

House of Manaw

House of Aberffraw

House of Dinefwr

House of Aberffraw

Usurper

House of Rhuddlan

House of Aberffraw

House of Rhuddlan

House of Mathrafal

House of Aberffraw

Princes of Wales

Pretenders

See also

References

Sources